CN108849480A - A kind of Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the long spindle anti-blight of the alternate tumor of item - Google Patents
A kind of Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the long spindle anti-blight of the alternate tumor of item Download PDFInfo
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- CN108849480A CN108849480A CN201810820171.7A CN201810820171A CN108849480A CN 108849480 A CN108849480 A CN 108849480A CN 201810820171 A CN201810820171 A CN 201810820171A CN 108849480 A CN108849480 A CN 108849480A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The present invention discloses the Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the long spindle anti-blight of the alternate tumor of a kind of item, belongs to vegetable breeding technical field.The present invention is parent with grain tumor kind, tumor kind, emerald green long spindle kind, anti-blight kind, early-maturing variety, high-yield variety, pass through the polymerization that hybridizes, reestablishes diplomatic relations, and Resistance Identification, agronomy and yield traits screening through mostly generation, it is bred as anti-blight, the alternate tumor of grain item, long fusiform New variety of balsam pear, the kind precocity, high yield, fruit marketability be good, high resistance to wilt good, accords with the demands of the market.Pesticide use can be reduced, improve yield, increase income by planting the kind.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to balsam pear breeding field more particularly to the balsam pear product of the long spindle anti-blight of the alternate tumor of a kind of item
Kind breeding method.
Background technique
Balsam pear（Momordica charantia L.）It is Curcurbitaceae balsam pear platymiscium, originates from India, Burma and the torrid zone
African desert area is distributed widely in the torrid zone, subtropical zone and Temperate Region in China, also has plant China is since the Southern Song Dynasty within more than 500 years
History is trained, there is extensive cultivation on the ground such as present Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, succeeds in recent years in cultivated in north, plant
Area has increase tendency.Balsam pear not only has good edible value, but also has apparent medicinal function, be known as " medicinal vegetables " it
Claim.
Expansion trend is presented in various regions cultivated area to balsam pear in recent years, and due to its nutritive value and medical value, balsam pear is more next
More it is welcomed by the general public.Wilt disease is to endanger one of Major Diseases of balsam pear, seriously affects plant strain growth, improves Varieties of Balsam Pear
Disease resistance can reduce Pesticide use, save production cost, be more conducive to preserve the ecological environment.Varieties of Balsam Pear in production at present
Late-maturing, low output, disease resistance and commodity are poor, although the effect in production application is not there are also early-maturing variety
Ideal, main cause are that these kinds can not solve precocious and high yield, high-quality, between resistance contradiction.Therefore there is an urgent need to
Precocious, high yield, high-quality, disease-resistant Varieties of Balsam Pear selection.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide the Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the long spindle anti-blight of the alternate tumor of a kind of item.The present invention
It is parent with grain tumor kind, tumor kind, emerald green long spindle kind, anti-blight kind, early-maturing variety, high-yield variety,
By the polymerization that hybridizes, reestablishes diplomatic relations, and the Resistance Identification through mostly generation, agronomy and yield traits screening, incubation anti-blight, grain item are alternate
Tumor, long fusiform New variety of balsam pear, the kind precocity, high yield, fruit marketability be good, high resistance to wilt good, meets Shandong District
The market demand.This method can cultivate the New variety of balsam pear that precocious, yielding ability is good, high resistance to wilt good, fruit marketability are good.
To achieve the above objectives, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
（1）Selecting early-maturing variety K5506 is parent P1, and tumor kind TS-603 is parent P2, grain tumor kind TS-506 is parent P3,
Emerald green long spindle kind YS-281 is parent P4, high resistance to wilt good kind 17326 is parent P5, high-yield variety QS-316 is
Parent P6Hybridized, with P1Make female parent, makees hybridization P1/P2、P1/P3, with P4For female parent, make hybridization P4/P5、P4/P6, obtain 4 it is miscellaneous
Hand over F1, respectively with F1-P12、F1-P13、F1-P45、F1-P46It indicates；
（2）Plant F1-P12、F1-P13、F1-P45、F1-P46Each 100 plants, the florescence makees hybridization P12/P13、P45/P46, must reestablish diplomatic relations F1Generation kind
Sub- F1-P123、F1-P456；
（3）Plant F1-P123、F1-P456, the selfing of florescence bagging, maturity period single plant sowing obtains F2For seed F2-P123、F2-P456；
（4）F is planted respectively2For seed F2-P123、F2-P456, each 200-240 plants of combination plantation, combine F2-P456It is sharp in seedling stage
Anti-blight identification is carried out with bitter gourd wilt excised leaf identification method, filters out high resistance to wilt good, emerald green long spindle fruit
Real, growth potential and branch power are strong, 10 plants of bagging selfings of the single plants more, yield is high of bearing fruit, and single plant sowing obtains F3For seed F3-P456；
Combine F2-P12310 plants of bagging selfings of single plant that the first female flower section is low, fruit has the alternate tumor of item grain are filtered out, sowing obtains F3Generation
Seed F3-P123；
（5）Plant F3-P123 、F3-P456, 180-200 plants of each combination, combination F3-P456It is in vitro using bitter gourd wilt in seedling stage
Blade identification method carries out anti-blight identification, filters out high resistance to wilt good, emerald green long spindle fruit, growth potential and branch power
By force, 10 plants of baggings of the single plants more, yield is high of bearing fruit are selfed, and single plant sowing obtains F4For seed F4-P456；Combine F3-P123Filter out
One female flower section is low, there are fruit 10 plants of baggings of single plant of the alternate tumor of item grain to be selfed, and sowing obtains F4For seed F4-P123；
（6）It repeats（5）Step finally obtains F by inbreeding of more generation separating-purifying respectively10-P123、F8-P456Inbred combinations product
System, is respectively labeled as BP-124, BP-188；
（7）With（6）It screens resulting BP-124, BP-188 and makees parent material, each parent plants 20 plants, and florescence respectively selects agronomy
Excellent 5 plants of single plant of shape make hybridization BP-124/BP-188, obtain the cenospecies for being excellent in balsam pear, are labeled as BP-531.
Further, the step（1）Parental source is：Early-maturing variety（K5506）By in Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences Vegetable Research
' the pork No.1 balsam pear ' of heart breeding is parent P1, tumor kind（TS-603）By Guangzhou Institute of agricultural sciences breeding
' early excellent balsam pear ' is parent P2, grain tumor kind（TS-506）It is parent P for ' top balsam pear greatly '3, emerald green long spindle kind（YS-
281）It is parent P by Guangdong oil body balsam pear ' rich green balsam pear '4, high resistance to wilt good kind（17326）Chenzhou blueness balsam pear is parent P5,
High-yield variety（QS-316）By Foochow Tian Mei seedling Science and Technology Ltd. provide ' surprise victory 316 ' balsam pears be parent P6。
Further, the step（1）,（2）With（7）In hybrid process be：Noon before that day is pollinated by second day energy
The male parent male flower and maternal female flower bloomed distinguish bagging, and that morning that blooms takes male parent male flower when pollinating, to maternal female flower
Pollination, carries out bagging in time after pollination, and notice plate is hung at female flower anthocaulus, and markd kind of melon is picked when mature.
Further, the step（3）,（4）,（5）With（6）In selfing process be：It is selected in the noon before that day of pollination
The homophyletic male and female flowering that selecting will open carries out bagging, and the next morning selects the pollen of homophyletic male flower to pollinate to the female flower of homophyletic,
Bagging immediately after pollination.
Further, the pollinating process is：The male flower that the same day is open is taken, petal is removed, the pollen of stamen is uniform
It is applied on the column cap of homophyletic gynoecium, when pollination time is with the morning 7 ~ 9.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
（1）Objective trait directed screening is enriched with by the present invention by hybridization, pyramiding breeding method of reestablishing diplomatic relations, the alternate tumor of incubation grain item,
The New variety of balsam pear of emerald green long spindle, anti-blight, the kind precocity, high yield, high resistance to wilt good, fruit marketability are good,
The 30-35d from be colonized to harvesting, commodity melon and fruit meat is thick, and tender and crisp succulence, bitter taste is moderate, and nutriment is abundant, accords with the demands of the market；
（2）This method is efficient, feasibility is strong, and the balsam pear yielding ability selected is good, high resistance to wilt good, can increase yield, reduces
Pesticide use saves production cost, and since precocious and commodity is good, every kilogram of price can promote 0.8 ~ 1.6 yuan, increases for peasant
Income, brings great economic benefit.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated in a concrete fashion below.
Grain tumor kind, tumor kind used in the present invention, emerald green long spindle kind, anti-blight kind, early cooked food
Kind, high-yield variety be that Tian Meizhong industry Co., Ltd reserves kind for one's own use, to meet the Shandong District market demand, pass through 6 parents'
Hybridize, polymerization of reestablishing diplomatic relations, and the anti-identification through mostly generation, agronomy and yield traits screening, is bred as anti-blight, the alternate tumor of grain item, length
Fusiform New variety of balsam pear.
（1）Select early-maturing variety（K5506）It is parent by ' the pork No.1 balsam pear ' of the Vegetable Research center breeding of Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences
This P1, tumor kind（TS-603）It is parent P by ' the early excellent balsam pear ' of Guangzhou Institute of agricultural sciences breeding2, grain tumor kind
（TS-506）It is parent P for ' top balsam pear greatly '3, emerald green long spindle kind（YS-281）By Guangdong oil body balsam pear ' rich green hardship
Melon ' it is parent P4, high resistance to wilt good kind（17326）Chenzhou blueness balsam pear is parent P5, high-yield variety（QS-316）By Foochow Tian Mei
Seedling Science and Technology Ltd. provide ' surprise victory 316 ' balsam pears be parent P6Hybridized, with P1Make female parent, makees hybridization P1/P2、P1/
P3, with P4For female parent, make hybridization P4/P5、P4/P6, obtain 4 hybridization F1, respectively with F1-P12、F1-P13、F1-P45、F1-P46It indicates；
（2）Plant F1-P12、F1-P13、F1-P45、F1-P46Each 100 plants, the florescence makees hybridization P12/P13、P45/P46, must reestablish diplomatic relations F1Generation kind
Sub- F1-P123、F1-P456；
（3）Plant F1-P123、F1-P456, the selfing of florescence bagging, maturity period single plant sowing obtains F2For seed F2-P123、F2-P456；
（4）F is planted respectively2For seed F2-P123、F2-P456, each 220 plants of combination plantation, combine F2-P456Hardship is utilized in seedling stage
Cucurbit wilt excised leaf identification method carries out anti-blight identification, filters out high resistance to wilt good, emerald green long spindle fruit, life
Growing way and branch power are strong, 10 plants of bagging selfings of the single plants more, yield is high of bearing fruit, and single plant sowing obtains F3For seed F3-P456；Combination
F2-P12310 plants of bagging selfings of single plant that the first female flower section is low, fruit has the alternate tumor of item grain are filtered out, sowing obtains F3For seed
F3-P123；
（5）Plant F3-P123 、F3-P456, each 180 plants of combination, combination F3-P456Bitter gourd wilt excised leaf is utilized in seedling stage
Identification method carries out anti-blight identification, filter out high resistance to wilt good, emerald green long spindle fruit, growth potential and branch power it is strong,
10 plants of baggings of the single plants more, yield is high of bearing fruit are selfed, and single plant sowing obtains F4For seed F4-P456；Combine F3-P123Filter out first
Female flower section is low, there are fruit 10 plants of baggings of single plant of the alternate tumor of item grain to be selfed, and sowing obtains F4For seed F4-P123；
（6）It repeats（5）Step finally obtains F by inbreeding of more generation separating-purifying respectively10-P123、F8-P456Inbred combinations product
System, is respectively labeled as BP-124, BP-188；
（7）With（6）It screens resulting BP-124, BP-188 and makees parent material, each parent plants 20 plants, and florescence respectively selects agronomy
Excellent 5 plants of single plant of shape make hybridization BP-124/BP-188, obtain the cenospecies for being excellent in balsam pear, are labeled as BP-531.
The step（1）,（2）With（7）In hybrid process be：The male parent that pollination noon before that day can bloom second day
Male flower and maternal female flower distinguish bagging, and that morning that blooms takes male parent male flower when pollinating, to maternal female flower pollination, after pollination
Bagging is carried out in time, and hangs notice plate at female flower anthocaulus, and markd kind of melon is picked when mature.
The step（3）,（4）,（5）With（6）In selfing process be：It will be opened in the noon before that day selection of pollination
Homophyletic male and female flowering carry out bagging, the next morning select homophyletic male flower pollen to homophyletic female flower pollinate, after pollination immediately
Bagging.
The step（6）With（7）Middle BP-124, BP-188 parent material is：BP-124 is by Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Through being selfed isolated height for self-mating system, BP-188 is ' as No. 33 beautiful ' Varieties of Balsam Pear of agro-ecology the Study on Resources institute breeding
' surprise victory 316 ' the balsam pears female parent provided by Fujian Tian Meizhong industry Science and Technology Ltd.（TS-143）High generation selfing based material is further
Screening obtains.
The pollinating process is：The male flower that the same day is open is taken, removes petal, the pollen of stamen is uniformly applied to homophyletic
On the column cap of gynoecium, pollination time when the morning 7 ~ 9 to be advisable.
Present invention can apply to vegetable breeding fields.
1 parent material BP-124, BP-188 major traits of table
2 BP-531 major traits of table
3 Varieties of Balsam Pear comparative test yield of table
BP-531 cultivation management technology main points：
Suitable for national temperature, area is planted higher, and spring and summer plantation is made in southern area.Seed of bitter gourd germination is not easy, with 50 before sowing
~ 55 DEG C of water seed soakings can successively be sowed in batches after continuing after cooling seed soaking 10-12 hours, vernalization 3-5 days according to budding.Work as seedling
It is colonized when length to 2-3 piece true leaf.Selection soil layer is deep, fertile, irrigation and drainage are easily local, avoids and is punished for being related to.It is deep before sowing to plow, it uses sufficient
Base manure, whole high ridge, the high about 40cm of furrow, furrow should be standardized neatly, so as to field management.Planting water should be watered with after field planting.
Field planting should pour in time after surviving and mention seed manure, to promote root system to develop.Seedling survives rear timely built.Due to balsam pear branch
Property it is strong, the prometaphase in time by low section main stem side shoot extract, in order to avoid waste nutrient should also be by not female flower after restocking
Side shoot removes in time, and dredge climing, in order to avoid branches and tendrils are excessive, influences ventilation and daylighting.Balsam pear needs fertile water requirement very big, if lacking
Water, fertilizer deficiency, plant strain growth is bad, easily causes fruit growth bad and plant early ageing.Cultivating overall process plant, there can be no lack
Water moves back fertile phenomenon.Balsam pear Major Diseases have wilt disease, downy mildew, wilt disease, virosis etc., and cymoxanil mancozeb, alkene can be selected
The prevention and treatment such as acyl MnZn, thiophanate methyl, DT fungicide.Primary pest has melon aphid, aulacophora femoralis, pathogenicity test, melonfly, can be selected
The insecticide controls such as imidacloprid, metrifonate effective cypermethrin.16-18 days after pollination, single fruit weight 500 --- it 600 grams, should be in due course
Harvesting, with the growth of the subsequent melon of benefit.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the long spindle anti-blight of the alternate tumor of a kind of item, it is characterised in that：The breeding side
Method includes the following steps：
（1）Selecting early-maturing variety K5506 is parent P1, tumor kind TS-603 is parent P2, grain tumor kind TS-506 is parent P3,
Emerald green long spindle kind YS-281 is parent P4, high resistance to wilt good kind 17326 is parent P5, high-yield variety QS-316 is
Parent P6Hybridized, with P1Make female parent, makees hybridization P1/P2、P1/P3, with P4For female parent, make hybridization P4/P5、P4/P6, obtain 4 it is miscellaneous
Hand over F1, respectively with F1-P12、F1-P13、F1-P45、F1-P46It indicates；
（2）Plant F1-P12、F1-P13、F1-P45、F1-P46Each 100 plants, the florescence makees hybridization P12/P13、P45/P46, must reestablish diplomatic relations F1Generation kind
Sub- F1-P123、F1-P456；
（3）Plant F1-P123、F1-P456, the selfing of florescence bagging, maturity period single plant sowing obtains F2For seed F2-P123、F2-P456；
（4）F is planted respectively2For seed F2-P123、F2-P456, each 200-240 plants of combination plantation, combine F2-P456It utilizes in seedling stage
Bitter gourd wilt excised leaf identification method carry out anti-blight identification, filter out high resistance to wilt good, emerald green long spindle fruit,
Growth potential and branch power are strong, 10 plants of bagging selfings of the single plants more, yield is high of bearing fruit, and single plant sowing obtains F3For seed F3-P456；Combination
F2-P12310 plants of bagging selfings of single plant that the first female flower section is low, fruit has the alternate tumor of item grain are filtered out, sowing obtains F3For seed
F3-P123；
（5）Plant F3-P123、F3-P456, 180-200 plants of each combination, combination F3-P456It is in vitro using bitter gourd wilt in seedling stage
Blade identification method carries out anti-blight identification, filters out high resistance to wilt good, emerald green long spindle fruit, growth potential and branch power
By force, 10 plants of baggings of the single plants more, yield is high of bearing fruit are selfed, and single plant sowing obtains F4For seed F4-P456；Combine F3-P123Filter out
One female flower section is low, there are fruit 10 plants of baggings of single plant of the alternate tumor of item grain to be selfed, and sowing obtains F4For seed F4-P123；
（6）It repeats（5）Step finally obtains F by inbreeding of more generation separating-purifying respectively10-P123、F8-P456Inbred combinations product
System, is respectively labeled as BP-124, BP-188；
（7）With（6）It screens resulting BP-124, BP-188 and makees parent material, each parent plants 20 plants, and florescence respectively selects agronomy
Excellent 5 plants of single plant of shape make hybridization BP-124/BP-188, obtain the cenospecies for being excellent in balsam pear, are labeled as BP-531.
2. the Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the alternate long spindle anti-blight of tumor of a kind of item according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The step（1）Parental source is：Early-maturing variety（K5506）By the Vegetable Research center breeding of Guangxi academy of agricultural sciences
' pork No.1 balsam pear ' is parent P1, tumor kind（TS-603）By ' the early excellent balsam pear ' of Guangzhou Institute of agricultural sciences breeding
For parent P2, grain tumor kind（TS-506）It is parent P for ' top balsam pear greatly '3, emerald green long spindle kind（YS-281）By Guangdong
Oily body balsam pear ' rich green balsam pear ' is parent P4, high resistance to wilt good kind（17326）Chenzhou blueness balsam pear is parent P5, high-yield variety
（QS-316）By Foochow Tian Mei seedling Science and Technology Ltd. provide ' surprise victory 316 ' balsam pears be parent P6。
3. the Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the alternate long spindle anti-blight of tumor of a kind of item according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The step（1）,（2）With（7）In hybrid process be：The father that pollination noon before that day can bloom second day
This male flower and maternal female flower distinguish bagging, and that morning that blooms takes male parent male flower when pollinating, to maternal female flower pollination, pollination
It carries out bagging in time afterwards, and hangs notice plate at female flower anthocaulus, markd kind of melon is picked when mature.
4. the Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the alternate long spindle anti-blight of tumor of a kind of item according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：The step（3）-（6）In selfing process be：It is female in the homophyletic that the noon before that day selection of pollination will open
Male flower carries out bagging, and the next morning selects the pollen of homophyletic male flower to pollinate to the female flower of homophyletic, bagging immediately after pollination.
5. the Varieties of Balsam Pear breeding method of the alternate long spindle anti-blight of tumor of a kind of item according to claim 2 or 3,
It is characterized in that：The pollinating process is：The male flower that the same day is open is taken, removes petal, the pollen of stamen is uniformly applied to together
On the column cap of strain gynoecium, when pollination time is with the morning 7 ~ 9.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116569834A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield of balsam pear |
| CN116569834B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2024-05-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield of balsam pear |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116569834A (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2023-08-11 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield of balsam pear |
| CN116569834B (en) * | 2023-06-25 | 2024-05-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Method for improving hybrid seed production yield of balsam pear |
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