CN110352849B - Breeding method of non-falling dandelion strain - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method of dandelion non-falling-grain strains, which comprises the steps of selecting wild northeast dandelion seeds mature under natural conditions of wind power above 5 level in a mountain-closing area, sowing, weeding, thinning, final singling and fertilizer and water management in the field according to a conventional method, carrying out primary screening on the wild northeast dandelion plants after the seeds of the wild northeast dandelion plants are mature, shaking the wild northeast dandelion plants by hands for two to three times, wherein the shaking amplitude is 15 degrees respectively from left to right, simulating 5-level natural wind speed by a blower to carry out secondary screening, and harvesting the seeds which are not fallen grains on the wild northeast dandelion plants after the secondary screening, so as to obtain the non-falling-grain dandelion strains. This not falling grain dandelion strain can improve the not falling grain ability of dandelion, obviously reduces the seed harvest degree of difficulty of artifical planting dandelion, is a new strain of dandelion that anti-adversity ability is strong.

Description

Breeding method of non-falling dandelion strain

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial breeding of plant strains, and particularly relates to a breeding method of a non-falling dandelion strain.

Background

The taraxacum perennial herb is a plant used as both medicine and food because the plant contains various healthy nutritional ingredients such as taraxacumol, taraxacin, choline, organic acid, inulin and the like. The dandelion mainly comprises northeast dandelion, cracked dandelion, white dandelion, Chinese dandelion, dandelion with mottled dandelion, cocklebur dandelion and the like.

The taraxacum short-day plants are favorable for bolting and flowering under the high-temperature short-day condition and are relatively shade-resistant, but favorable for stem leaf growth under the good illumination condition. The adaptability is strong, the soil is not selected for growth, but the sunny, fertile and moist sandy loam grows well; the seeds can germinate at the ground temperature of 1-2 ℃ in early spring, germinate fastest at the soil temperature of 15-20 ℃, germinate slower at the temperature of more than 25-30 ℃, and the optimal temperature for leaf growth is 15-22 ℃.

The maturing time of dandelion seeds is generally about 15 days after blooming, and the concentrated maturing period of dandelion seeds is from late 5 to late 6 months. Due to the structural characteristics of the dandelion seeds, the seeds are provided with pompon formed by white crown hairs, the pompon drifts with the wind after blossoming, and if the artificially planted dandelion meets the strong wind weather during the seed harvesting, the seed yield is reduced, thereby bringing economic loss.

In order to improve the non-shattering character of the dandelion, a new dandelion non-shattering strain is bred, and the method has important significance for improving the plant quality and the plant stress resistance and improving the artificial planting development and the ecological environment of the dandelion.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for breeding a non-shattering dandelion line, and tests of an applicant prove that the dandelion line bred by the method can obviously improve the non-shattering rate of dandelion seeds.

In order to realize the task, the invention adopts the following technical solution:

a method for breeding an indeletable dandelion strain comprises the following breeding steps:

selecting wild northeast dandelion seeds matured under natural conditions of wind power above 5 level in the Guanshan area;

step two, sowing wild northeast dandelion seeds in the field, weeding, thinning, final singling and managing rich water according to a conventional method;

step three, after seeds of wild northeast dandelion plants are mature, screening the wild northeast dandelion plants for the first time, wherein the specific method is that the wild northeast dandelion plants are shaken for two to three times by hands, and the shaking amplitude is 15 degrees respectively at the left and right;

step four, simulating 5-level natural wind speed by using a blower to carry out secondary screening on the wild northeast dandelion plants subjected to primary screening, wherein the specific method is that the blower continuously blows the wild northeast dandelion plants at a distance of 50cm from the white pompon for 1 min;

and step five, after the second screening, harvesting the seeds which are not fallen on the wild northeast dandelion plants, thus obtaining the dandelion strain without falling.

Experiments prove that the shattering-free dandelion strain bred by the method disclosed by the invention can improve the shattering-free capability of the dandelion and obviously reduce the seed harvesting difficulty of the artificially planted dandelion, and is a dandelion strain with strong stress resistance.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a wild Taraxacum plant from northeast China;

FIG. 2 is a picture of a wild Taraxacum officinale plant;

FIG. 3 is a picture of white pompon from a wild Taraxacum sinicum plant;

FIG. 4 is a picture of flower buds of wild Taraxacum officinale plants in northeast China.

FIG. 5 is a picture of the growth of an artificially cultivated wild Taraxacum officinale from northeast of China.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and examples.

Detailed Description

Seed obtaining

In the maturation period of dandelion seeds, the inventor of the applicant discovers wild dandelion plants which may have no shattering grains under the natural conditions of the mountaintop region of the guan mountain pasture in Gangshan county of Bao Ji city in Shaanxi province, and obtains the seeds of the wild dandelion, wherein the wild dandelion has the following appearance characteristics:

1) the leaves are inverted and in the shape of needles with the length of 10-30 cm, the tips are sharp or blunt, irregular feathers are slightly cracked to deep, the top is split into rhombic triangles or triangles, 4-5 splits are arranged on each side, slightly backward, the split triangles or long triangles are full-edged or marginal sparse teeth, and both sides are sparse short, soft or hairless (figure 1).

2) Most scapes are 10-20 cm high, the flowering phase exceeds leaves, the flowers are slightly dredged and soft, and the tip of the scape is densely covered with white spider-like hairs.

3) The total bud is 13-15 mm long; the outer layer of involucre is attached at the flowering stage, is wide oval, 6-7 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, sharp or blunt at the tip, has no or insignificant thickening, is dark purple, has narrow white membranous edge, and has frigid fringed; the inner layer of the involucre is in a linear shape and is in a needle shape, the length of the inner layer of the involucre is 2-2.5 times longer than that of the outer layer of the involucre, the front end of the inner layer of the involucre is blunt, and no angle-shaped protrusion exists; the tongue is yellow, and the back of the edge flower tongue is provided with purple stripes (figures 2, 3 and 4).

4) The slim fruit is oblong, the wheat straw is yellow, the length of the wheat straw is 3-3.5 mm, the upper part of the slim fruit is provided with a thorn-shaped bulge, the slim fruit is nearly smooth downwards, the top end of the slim fruit is slightly suddenly contracted into a cone to a cylindrical beak base, and the length of the slim fruit is 0.5-1 mm; the beak is fine and has a length of about 8-11 mm; the crown hair is white and 8 mm long.

The obtained dandelion species was identified as Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam by comparison.

Second, artificial cultivation of wild Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam

The dandelion seeds have no dormancy stage, the seeds after being mature and collected can be sown at any time from spring to autumn, and can also be sown in a greenhouse in winter according to market demands.

1. Before the dandelion is sowed, firstly turning over the ground to form furrows, and opening shallow trenches in the furrows, wherein the trench distance is 12 cm, and the trench width is 10 cm; the seeds are then sown in the furrow. When sowing, the soil is required to be moist, if the soil is dry, and water is watered thoroughly two days before sowing.

2. Sowing: adopting drill seeding, making shallow transverse ditches on the ridge surface according to the line spacing of 25-30 cm, wherein the seeding width is about 10 cm, covering soil of 1 cm after seeds are sowed, and slightly compacting. The seeding rate is 0.5-0.75 kg per mu. If flat furrow broadcasting is adopted, 1.5-2.0 kg of seeds are planted per mu.

3. Weeding, thinning and final singling: carrying out intertillage weeding for the 1 st time when the dandelion seedlings emerge for about 10 days, and carrying out intertillage weeding for 1 time every 10 days later until ridges are sealed, and manually weeding after the ridges are sealed; thinning is carried out after seedling emergence for about 10 days, the plant spacing is 3-5 cm, and final singling can be carried out after 20-30 days, the plant spacing is 8-10 cm, and the plant spacing of a broadcaster is 5 cm.

4. And (3) fertilizer and water management: when the dandelion is planted, 3500 kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu as base fertilizer, and 17-20 kg of ammonium nitrate is applied per mu as seed fertilizer. Applying fertilizer for 1-2 times during the growth period. And watering is carried out frequently to keep the soil moist so as to ensure the growth requirement of the whole seedlings and the seedlings after emergence.

The growth conditions of the artificially cultured wild dandelion from northeast of China are shown in fig. 5.

5. Seed harvesting:

after seeds of wild northeast dandelion plants are mature, screening the wild northeast dandelion plants for the first time, and specifically, shaking the wild northeast dandelion plants for two to three times by hands, wherein the shaking amplitude is 15 degrees from left to right;

simulating 5-grade natural wind speed by using a blower to carry out secondary screening on the wild northeast dandelion plants subjected to primary screening, wherein the specific method is that the blower is used for continuously blowing the wild northeast dandelion plants 50cm away from the white pompon for 1 min;

and after the second screening, harvesting the seeds which are not fallen on the wild northeast dandelion plants, and thus obtaining the dandelion strain without falling.

Third, comparison of the tests

1. The experimental group selected the harvested wild northeast dandelion (Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam) non-shattering strain, and then planted according to the artificial cultivation method of the wild northeast dandelion (Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam).

2. 4 kinds of seeds of dandelion commercially available from seed company were used as a control group (wild dandelion, Taraxacum mongolicum hand. -Mazz.; Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam.; Taraxacum multifida, Taraxacum disuctum Ledeb.; Dandelion, Taraxacum antungense) and were planted together in accordance with the artificial breeding method of the wild Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam).

3. The wild northeast dandelion (Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam) with mature seeds and the dandelion of each control group are subjected to the same shaking (namely, the plant is shaken for two to three times from the vertical direction to the peripheral side edge of the plant, the shaking amplitude is 15 degrees from left to right) and a simulated wind blowing test (a blower simulates 5-level natural wind speed, and the blower is directly opposite to the dandelion plant and continuously blows the dandelion plant for 1min at a position 50cm away from a white pompon), and the seed harvest rates of the test group and the control group are compared.

The results show that the control group: collecting 50 seeds of flower discs from wild dandelion (Taraxacum mongolicum hand. -Mazz.), wherein the seed harvesting yield is 20-60 seeds/flower; 50 seeds of a flower disc are collected, and the seed collection yield is 30-90 grains/flower; collecting 50 seeds of a flower disc from Taraxacum polysaccharum Ledeb, wherein the seed harvesting yield is 50-100 grains/flower; 50 seeds of a flower disc are harvested from Dandong dandelion (Taraxacum antengene), and the seed harvesting yield is 30-80 grains/flower.

In the test group (wild Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam), the average seed yield of 50 harvested flower discs is 90-180 seeds/flower, which has a greater seed yield than the control group.

Through the comparison of the experiments, the results show that the dandelion non-shattering strain bred by the embodiment has strong non-shattering properties. Can obviously reduce the difficulty of seed harvest of the artificially planted dandelion, and is a novel dandelion strain with strong stress resistance.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made by those skilled in the art in the technical field of the present invention disclosed herein should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for breeding an indeletable dandelion strain is characterized by comprising the following breeding steps:

step one, selecting a mountain top area of a Gangshan pasture of Gangcounty of Baoji city of Shanxi province, and maturing wild northeast dandelion seeds under natural conditions of wind power above 5 level for a long time, wherein the wild northeast dandelion has the following appearance characteristics:

1) the leaves are inverted and shaped like needles, the length of the leaves is 10-30 cm, the tips of the leaves are sharp or blunt, irregular feathers are shallow and deep cracked, the top ends of the leaves are split into rhombic triangles or triangles, 4-5 splits are arranged on each side, the leaves are slightly backward, the split triangles or long triangles are full or marginal sparse teeth, and short, soft or hairless hairs are sparse on the two sides;

2) most scapes are 10-20 cm high, the flowering phase exceeds leaves, the scapes are slightly loose and soft, and white spidromous hair is densely covered at the near top end;

3) the total bud is 13-15 mm long; the outer layer of involucre is attached at the flowering stage, is wide oval, 6-7 mm long, 4.5-5 mm wide, sharp or blunt at the tip, has no or insignificant thickening, is dark purple, has narrow white membranous edge, and has frigid fringed; the inner layer of the involucre is in a linear shape and is in a needle shape, the length of the inner layer of the involucre is 2-2.5 times longer than that of the outer layer of the involucre, the front end of the inner layer of the involucre is blunt, and no angle-shaped protrusion exists; the tongue is yellow, and the back of the edge flower tongue piece is provided with purple stripes;

4) the slim fruit is oblong, the wheat straw is yellow, the length of the wheat straw is 3-3.5 mm, the upper part of the slim fruit is provided with a thorn-shaped bulge, the slim fruit is nearly smooth downwards, the top end of the slim fruit is slightly suddenly contracted into a cone to a cylindrical beak base, and the length of the slim fruit is 0.5-1 mm; the beak is fine and has a length of about 8-11 mm; the crown hair is white and 8 mm long;

comparing to confirm that the obtained dandelion is named as northeast dandelion;

step two, sowing wild northeast dandelion seeds in the field, weeding, thinning, final singling and managing rich water according to a conventional method;

step three, after seeds of wild northeast dandelion plants are mature, screening the wild northeast dandelion plants for the first time, wherein the specific method is that the wild northeast dandelion plants are shaken for two to three times by hands, and the shaking amplitude is 15 degrees respectively at the left and right;

step four, simulating 5-level natural wind speed by using a blower to carry out secondary screening on the wild northeast dandelion plants subjected to primary screening, wherein the specific method is that the blower continuously blows the wild northeast dandelion plants at a distance of 50cm from the white pompon for 1 min;

and step five, after the second screening, harvesting the seeds which are not fallen on the wild northeast dandelion plants, thus obtaining the dandelion strain without falling.

Images