CN104396580A - Cultivating method for northern cold-resistant citruses - Google Patents
Cultivating method for northern cold-resistant citruses Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396580A CN104396580A CN201410669948.6A CN201410669948A CN104396580A CN 104396580 A CN104396580 A CN 104396580A CN 201410669948 A CN201410669948 A CN 201410669948A CN 104396580 A CN104396580 A CN 104396580A
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- scion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivating method for northern cold-resistant citruses. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a northern cold-resistant citrus plant which is three years old or more as a stock, and selecting an annual branch of a southern citrus tree which has born fruits in former years as a scion; (2) grafting the scion into a formation layer of the stock, carrying out outdoor grafting in March in the same year, and covering the scion and a grafted opening by virtue of airtight and waterproof bags after grafting by adopting a grafting method; (3) after the scion grows shoots, reserving a healthy branch with flourishing leaves as a permanent branch, and cultivating and acclimatizing year by year; (4) protecting upper branches in the first winter, keeping out the wind at an upper air inlet in the second winter, and not adopting protective measures in the third winter, thus the northern cold-resistant citruses are cultivated.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, particularly relate to the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north.
Background technology
Oranges and tangerines normal growth, in south, belongs to southern fruit, and the Economical cultivation district of mandarine mainly concentrates between north latitude 20 ° ~ 33 °, height above sea level less than 700 ~ 1000 meters.Have the saying of " the raw Huainan of tangerine is then tangerine, and being born in the Huaibei is then trifoliate orange ", be that at freezing or arid season, root system stops growing, and can not absorb nutrient, and therefore oranges and tangerines cold resistance is poor because the growth needs of Citrus Root is higher than the temperature of 13 DEG C and soil water potential from ancient times.Oranges and tangerines graft on the stock of the cold-resistant citrus plants in the north by the present invention, through domestication for many years, preferably with the technical measures such as grafting, cultivate the kind can survived the winter in the north, as in In The Area of Qingdao, Shandong Province, to the north of north latitude 36 degree, the minimum subzero 10-15 DEG C of winter temperature, and the fruit taste and sweet mouthfeel born is good to eat, good taste.Have the similar grafting orange in south can not pass the winter in the north, and mouthfeel is bad.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north, by graft technology, cultivate the oranges and tangerines of surviving the winter in the outdoor growth of north of china in winter, fruit taste and sweet mouthfeel.
A breeding method for the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north, is specially
(1) age of tree is selected 3 years and tangerine section plant is resisted cold as stock in the above north; Select the southern oranges and tangerines trees branch then of result in former years as scion, be transported to the north, carry out conservation treatment in transportation to scion by south, scion completes grafting in 5-10h after tree;
(2) scion is grafted in the formation layer of stock, in carrying out outdoor grafting March then, adopting the method for scion grafting, after grafting, entangling scion and grafting interface with airtight fluid-tight sack;
(3), after spike length waiting goes out young sprout, the leafiness branch of branch of choosing stalwartness retains to be cultivated as permanent branch, cuts off unhealthy and strong branch, tames year by year;
(4) First Year winter, protection top branch; Second Year winter, mouth of being in the wind keeps out the wind; 3rd year winter did not need safeguard procedures, cultivated the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north.
Further, described north tangerine section plant of resisting cold is trifoliate orange.
Further, described step is handled as follows scion in (1): selected distance oranges and tangerines trees twig top 30cm and following branch, be cut to the length of 10-12cm, leaf is all removed, in transportation, keep scion branch air permeable humidity retaining.
Further, in described step (2), scion branch lower end is cut into bevel, gradient 45 degree, long 12-18mm, grafts in described scion on the stock trunk of overhead 0.8-1.5m.
Further, mackintosh is used to be wound around grafting interface in described step (2) after grafting; The hole of 2-3 1cm is opened in grafting on described sack after seven days; After scion success, sack is extractd.
Further, in First Year winter in described step (4), airtight fluid-tight sack protection top branch is used; Second Year winter, straw mouth of being in the wind is used to keep out the wind.
Further, in cultivating process, carry out preventing disease and pest process, and flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit protecting process.
Further, applications of farmyard manure and tangerine section plant special fertilizer in cultivating process.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention and good effect are: it is stock that the present invention chooses cold-resistant tangerine section plant trifoliate orange, the orange that the trifoliate orange of described north growth grows with south, orange, shaddock Deng Ju section plant are equal belonging to together and woody plant not of the same race in Plant Taxonomy, therefore oranges and tangerines scion are grafted on Zhi Shu and have very strong affinity.Oranges and tangerines scion grafted on the formation layer of trifoliate orange tree stock, speed of wound healing is fast.Because trifoliate orange can grow in the north of cold, after orange success grafting, tame year by year, need at greenhouse-grown, outdoor also can be healthy growth.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
A breeding method for the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north, comprises the steps:
(1) the tangerine section plant adopting the north cold-resistant is as stock:
The tangerine section plant resisted cold in the described north is trifoliate orange, and plant in the soil of neutral meta-acid character, planting density is 3 × 4m, and the trifoliate orange of the preferred age of tree 3 years and above stalwartness is as stock, and the age of tree is the bigger the better.
Described trifoliate orange is a kind of happiness light, slightly resistance to shade, happiness warm and moist weather, comparatively cold-resistant plant, and fertile, deep subacidity soil is born in happiness, does not make excessive demands soil; Winter temperature is not less than subzero 25 DEG C and gets final product safe overwintering, and seedling need take freeze prevention measure, and available straw colligation is cold-proof, and strain does not then need cold-proof; Originate from the provinces and regions such as Shandong (sunshine, Qingdao etc.), Henan, Shanxi, Zhejiang, Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan.
(2) the healthy and strong orange twig of southern high-quality is adopted to do scion:
Adopting the oranges and tangerines trees of result in former years, requiring the excellent stalwartness of trees, disease-free, in choosing growing way vigorous vegetative shoot bar March as scion then.Concrete, selected distance twig top 30cm and following branch, be cut to the length of 10-12cm, all removed by leaf, in the process being transported to the north by south, keeps branch air permeable humidity retaining, such as, use wet newspaper or wet cotton parcel branch.In order to ensure survival rate, require that the scion from tree completes grafting within 5-10h.
(3) concrete grammar of grafting:
Scion twig is cut into bevel, and gradient is 45 degree, and long is 12-18mm, is preferably 15mm.Scion is grafted in the formation layer of stock, described formation layer is meristematic tissue, can constantly produce new xylem and phloem, make stem or the continuous overstriking of root, allow stock and scion form layer immediately, its cambial cell just can be allowed to melt interpromoting relation in five elements mutually, faster formative tissue healing, improves graft survival rate.
In carrying out outdoor grafting mid-March then, adopting the method for scion grafting, grafting on the stock trunk of overhead 0.8-1.5m, and trunk is more thick better, and use mackintosh to be wound around grafting interface, scion and stock are fixed, described mackintosh moisture capacity is strong; Conveniently pluck, preferably graft on the stock trunk of overhead 1m.The quantity of grafting scion on every stock can be determined according to the size of stock tree-walk, when tree-walk is less than 30mm, grafting 1 scion grafting fringe, when tree-walk is 30-50mm, grafting 2 scion grafting fringe, when tree-walk is greater than 50mm, grafting 3 and above scion, when grafting 3 scion, wound healing is the fastest, and survival rate is the highest.
Can the northern area of successful grafting, daytime, the maximum air temperature was 18-20 DEG C, and night, the minimum air temperature was 8-10 DEG C, required that soil all thaws.Because the north morning and evening temperature difference in March is larger, in order to carry out insulation water conservation to the scion of new grafting, be conducive to new fringe also seedling, use airtight fluid-tight sack to entangle whole scion and grafting interface after grafting, described airtight fluid-tight sack adopts conventional plastic sack; Carry out ventilative cooling after seven days, plastic sack is opened the hole of 2-3 1cm.Seven days inherences connect head sprouting and are and survive, otherwise failure.After scion success, plastic sack is extractd, and carries out final-period management; Unsuccessful grafting again.
(4) concrete grammar of final-period management:
After spike length waiting goes out young sprout, choose healthy and strong branch leafiness branch reservation and cultivate as permanent branch, cut off unhealthy and strong branch, and tame year by year, concrete grammar is:
In winter of subzero 8-10 DEG C in In The Area of Qingdao, First Year winter, need to use airtight fluid-tight sack protection top branch; The minimum air temperature reaches above freezing and is removed by sack afterwards; Second Year winter, the mouth that needs to be in the wind uses straw to keep out the wind, and when taming to the 3rd year winter, no longer needing safeguard procedures, cultivating the oranges and tangerines that can resist cold in the north of northern normal growth.
In cultivating process, need the Routine Management oranges and tangerines of grafting being carried out to preventing disease and pest, flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit protecting; Applications of farmyard manure and tangerine section plant special fertilizer, it is multiplex to follow spring and autumn, summer principle less.
After First Year grafting success, interface can realize the healing of 1/3rd then, and Second Year can realize full healing.Second Year starts to yield positive results, and in order to develop tree crown, carry out artificial flower thinning, strain output is about 15 kilograms/, by 100 every mu calculating, and per mu yield 1500 kilograms.Within 3rd year, tree crown can grow to 1.5m, and output is about 25 kilograms/, within the 4th year, can reach high yield 30 kilograms/.Resist cold the fruit sweet flavor of oranges and tangerines in the north that the present invention cultivates, and sugariness can reach more than 10%.
By breeding method of the present invention, cold-resistant domestication can be carried out to Citrus Cultivars such as orange, orange, shaddock, Buddha's hand, lemons and cultivate.
Above embodiment is only several in the several preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that and the invention is not restricted to above-described embodiment; For the person of ordinary skill of the art, still the technical scheme described in previous embodiment can be modified, or equivalent replacement is carried out to wherein portion of techniques feature; And these amendments or replacement, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention's technical scheme required for protection.
Claims (8)
1. a breeding method for the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north, is characterized in that: be specially
(1) age of tree is selected 3 years and tangerine section plant is resisted cold as stock in the above north; Select the southern oranges and tangerines trees branch then of result in former years as scion, be transported to the north, carry out conservation treatment in transportation to scion by south, scion completes grafting in 5-10h after tree;
(2) scion is grafted in the formation layer of stock, in carrying out outdoor grafting March then, adopting the method for scion grafting, after grafting, entangling scion and grafting interface with airtight fluid-tight sack;
(3), after spike length waiting goes out young sprout, the leafiness branch of branch of choosing stalwartness retains to be cultivated as permanent branch, cuts off unhealthy and strong branch, tames year by year;
(4) First Year winter, protection top branch; Second Year winter, mouth of being in the wind keeps out the wind; 3rd year winter did not need safeguard procedures, cultivated the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north.
2. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described north tangerine section plant of resisting cold is trifoliate orange.
3. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step is handled as follows scion in (1): selected distance oranges and tangerines trees twig top 30cm and following branch, be cut to the length of 10-12cm, leaf is all removed, in transportation, keeps scion branch air permeable humidity retaining.
4. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), scion branch lower end is cut into bevel, gradient 45 degree, long 12-18mm, grafts in described scion on the stock trunk of overhead 0.8-1.5m.
5. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, uses mackintosh to be wound around grafting interface in described step (2) after grafting; The hole of 2-3 1cm is opened in grafting on described sack after seven days; After scion success, sack is extractd.
6. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in First Year winter in described step (4), uses airtight fluid-tight sack protection top branch; Second Year winter, straw mouth of being in the wind is used to keep out the wind.
7. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in cultivating process, carry out preventing disease and pest process, and flower and fruit thinning, flower and fruit protecting process.
8. the breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in a kind of north as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, applications of farmyard manure and tangerine section plant special fertilizer in cultivating process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410669948.6A CN104396580B (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2014-11-20 | A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north |
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| CN201410669948.6A CN104396580B (en) | 2014-11-20 | 2014-11-20 | A kind of breeding method of the cold-resistant oranges and tangerines in the north |
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| CN104396580A true CN104396580A (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| CN104396580B CN104396580B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105660296A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-15 | 湖北大学 | Citrus full-tree cold-proof coverage technology |
| CN105724164A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 吕强 | Overwintering cultivation method for orange trees in northern area |
| CN105940969A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 奉节县上梁子脐橙种植股份合作社 | A navel orange grafting technology |
| CN108029431A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-05-15 | 建水县鼎盛农业发展有限公司 | Citrus grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN111642312A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-11 | 周林 | Method for cultivating cold-resistant citrus in north |
| CN115553173A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-01-03 | 湖北翘楚农业科技有限公司 | Drought-resistant citrus cultivation method |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105724164A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 吕强 | Overwintering cultivation method for orange trees in northern area |
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| CN105940969A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-09-21 | 奉节县上梁子脐橙种植股份合作社 | A navel orange grafting technology |
| CN108029431A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-05-15 | 建水县鼎盛农业发展有限公司 | Citrus grafting seedlings-growing method |
| CN111642312A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-09-11 | 周林 | Method for cultivating cold-resistant citrus in north |
| CN115553173A (en) * | 2022-11-08 | 2023-01-03 | 湖北翘楚农业科技有限公司 | Drought-resistant citrus cultivation method |
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| CN104396580B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
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