CN102037882A - Novel sweet persimmon cultivation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to novel sweet persimmon cultivation technology. Persimmon seedlings are cultivated by a grafting method, the common stock comprises diospyros lotus (also named date-plumpersimmon) and wild persimmon, and oil persimmon is used in individual regions; robust branches which are grown at the periphery of a crown of an adult tree are grafted, and fruiting parent branches or developing branches can be selected; the shaping of a persimmon tree is differentially treated according to tree vigor and the existence of a central stem; sweet persimmon varieties in natural open center types or delayed open center types are adopted; the persimmon tree is mainly trimmed in winter, and subjected to bud removal and center removal in a young tree period in summer; and the fertilizer absorption amount of the persimmon tree is large, nitrogen and potassium are important to growth and fruiting, and branch tips of the persimmon tree have a short growth period, so a basic fertilizer accounting for 60 to 80 percent of the annual total fertilizer amount needs applying.

Description

A kind of sweet persimmon is cultivated new technology

Technical field

The present invention relates to the cultivation technology, be specifically related to a kind of sweet persimmon and cultivate new technology.

Background technology

Persimmon is the fruit that people prefer to eat, and is sweet greasy good to eat, nutritious, and many people also like eating in the winter time freezes persimmon, different from other taste.The persimmon nutritive value is very high, and contained vitamin and sugar are than about the high 1-2 of general fruit times.If a people ate 1 persimmon in one day, the vitamin C that is absorbed just can satisfy half of one day requirement basically.So eating a little persimmons is very useful to health.The signboard nutrient of persimmon is very abundant, compares with apple, and except the content apple of zinc and copper is higher than the persimmon, other compositions all are that persimmon is dominant." one day one apple, the doctor is away from me for foreign country's common saying cloud." still, discuss the sclerosis of prevention cardiovascular, the effect of persimmon can be rated as the fruit king of useful health of heart much larger than apple." so every day one, apple was not so good as persimmon every day one ".Persimmon also has characteristics to contain iodine exactly.So because of the big patient of endemic goiter that iodine deficiency causes, edible persimmon is helpful.When common people often eat at ordinary times, prevention iodine deficiency also is of great benefit to.Persimmon has the effect of foster lung stomach, clear dryness-heat.Can qi-restoratives, relieve the effect of alcohol, cough-relieving, sharp intestines, heat extraction, hemostasis, also can allay one's hunger.Dried persimmon has effects such as puckery intestines, moistening lung, hemostasis and stomach.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to: provide a kind of sweet persimmon to cultivate new technology, cultivate new technology by the sweet persimmon of the present invention and plant persimmon, can improve the output and the quality of candied date, alleviate market contradiction in short supply, reach people's life requirement and curative effect of medication.

The technical scheme that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention adopted is: from kind select, grow seedlings, field planting management, the extermination of disease and insect pest, aspect such as gather disclose.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is: sweet persimmon is cuisines, also is one of medicine important resource.

Embodiment

1. snow falls and plants structure

Breeding persimmon seedling is all used grafting: stock commonly used has dateplum (claiming date-plum persimmon again) and wild persimmon, and indivedual areas also have uses wild kaki persimmon; The branch of the peripheral robust growth of bearing tree tree crown is selected in scion, and bearing basal shoot or developmental branch all can be selected for use.

Scion grafting or bud grafting are adopted in grafting: scion grafting is many carries out stock rudiment at this moment when scion in spring bud begins to reveal blue or green (about late March is to early April).Adopt cut-grafting or cleft graft.Keep scion fresh, proficiency in action also prevents that the interface drying from being to improve the key that survives.Bud grafting was grasped at mid-August to early September or florescence next year then.

The persimmon autumn plant or the spring plant can, plant to good with the autumn.It is more that the persimmon root includes tanning matter, hinders healing difficulty behind the root, will hinder root system less during lifting, and storage seedling, fortune will be noted preserving moisture, being incubated between seedling stage.

The spacing of planting is different according to kind, and the general tree crown of puckery persimmon kind is tall and big, and seeding row spacing is advisable with 5 meters～7 meters; Sweet persimmon kind tree crown is less, and seeding row spacing can narrow down to 4 meters～6 meters.

2. pruning

The persimmon shaping according to tree vigo(u)r strong and weak and center in have or not and treat with a certain discrimination.Sweet persimmon kind should adopt natural open centre shape or postpone the tree-like of happy shape.The persimmon pruning was cut based on the winter, and the treelet phase needs sprout and pinching in conjunction with removing summer simultaneously.

After entering the full bearing period, the quantity of bearing basal shoot is a lot of in the tree crown.Except that stay a little less than dredging strong, to the female branch of partial results with tied the branch of fruit, optional sturdy person stays base portion 2～3 bud cutting backs, as the preparation branch, makes and takes out living young sprout its next year and form the female branch of excellent results, and yield positive results the year after next.

3. clay fertilizer water management and shedding prevents

The persimmon fertilizer-sucting quantity is bigger, and nitrogen and potassium are all very important to growth and result.Extremely short breeding time because of the branch of persimmon, put 60%～80% (the calculating) that base manure need account for annual total fertilizing amount by active ingredient.Topdress after young sprout stops length, before blooming, to reach when fruit expands rapidly and apply at twice.Persimmon root water absorbing capacity a little less than, the suitable certain humidity that often keeps of soil.The flowers and fruits puberty wets as prolonged drought or dried suddenly the neglecting of soil, all can aggravate physiological fallen fruit.To suitably pour water during arid, strengthen soil moisture conservation.

4. damage by disease and insect and control thereof

The cause harm main diseases insect pest of persimmon has persimmon angular leaf spot, leaf spot of kaki, anthracnose of kaki and persimmon fruit moth, persimmon star looper, blood class jassids and multiple scale insect.

(1) persimmon angular leaf spot, circle pinta: angular leaf spot cause harm blade and base of fruit, germ survives the winter thereon, borrows rainwater to propagate in 1 year to contaminate, cause early leaf fall and shedding.At first to thoroughly remove disease leaf, the sick base of a fruit, eliminate the pathogeny of surviving the winter; Secondly, spray 1 before spending back 20 days left and right sides germs to begin to propagate: (3～5): 400-600 bordeaux mixture doubly, totally 2～3 times, each 15～20 days at interval.The persimmon leaf is relatively more responsive to copper ion, should use lime volume formula bordeaux mixture, in case poisoning.

(2) persimmon fruit moth: the fruit of mainly causing harm, make that fruit is rubescent in early days, deliquescing, come off, the masses are called the persimmon baking.This worm of the Yangtze river basin was taken place for 2 generations in 1 year, survived the winter in limb tertia slot with mature larva.Lay eggs summer between carpopodium and base of fruit, eat into the habit that has the commentaries on classics fruit to cause harm into larva in the fruit by the base portion of the base of a fruit.The method of control: scrape bark winter, concentrate and burn; In time extract and pick up and ruin wormed fruit; Spray 90% chlorophos medicament 1000 at the adult occurance peak and borrow liquid or 20% Belmark (killing the chrysanthemum ester), 4000～5000 training liquid, be separated by and even sprayed twice in 10 days.

(3) persimmon scale insect: have persimmon giant coccid (claiming the suede mealybug again), ceroplastes floridensis, giant mealy bug and ceroplastes rubens etc. multiple.Locate to suck juice the tip, leaf, fruit etc., weaken tree vigo(u)r, bring out sooty mould, or cause fruit caducous.The method of control: the first, do a good job of it overwintering control, comprise and scrape bark, wipe out intensive worm branch, and the lime sulfur that spray Bu Bomei 5 spends when early winter, or 5%～10% diesel oil emulsion, kill the worm source of surviving the winter.The second, nymph (be commonly called as " tree louse ") troop cause harm do not form the wax shell as yet before spray cloth 40% flolimat, or 1000 times of liquid of 50% dichlorvos, or Baume 0.5～1 lime sulfur of spending.。

Gather and when pericarp changes yellow, slightly early gather, gather before softening, peel so easily, system cake rate height, the dried persimmon quality of system might as well.

Claims (1)

1. a sweet persimmon is cultivated new technology, it is characterized in that: breeding persimmon seedling is all used grafting: stock commonly used has dateplum (claiming date-plum persimmon again) and wild persimmon, and indivedual areas also have uses wild kaki persimmon; The branch of the peripheral robust growth of bearing tree tree crown is selected in scion, and bearing basal shoot or developmental branch all can be selected for use; The persimmon shaping according to tree vigo(u)r strong and weak and center in have or not and treat with a certain discrimination.Sweet persimmon kind should adopt natural open centre shape or postpone the tree-like of happy shape.The persimmon pruning was cut based on the winter, and the treelet phase needs sprout and pinching in conjunction with removing summer simultaneously; The persimmon fertilizer-sucting quantity is bigger, and nitrogen and potassium are all very important to growth and result, and is extremely short breeding time because of the branch of persimmon, puts base manure and need account for 60%～80% of annual total fertilizing amount.