CN114788482B - Three-wire rack type stomacher harvesting method for passion fruits - Google Patents
Three-wire rack type stomacher harvesting method for passion fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN114788482B CN114788482B CN202210221604.3A CN202210221604A CN114788482B CN 114788482 B CN114788482 B CN 114788482B CN 202210221604 A CN202210221604 A CN 202210221604A CN 114788482 B CN114788482 B CN 114788482B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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- 235000000088 Maracuja Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D91/00—Methods for harvesting agricultural products
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0206—Canopies, i.e. devices providing a roof above the plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/12—Supports for plants; Trellis for strawberries or the like
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a three-line type passion fruit net harvesting method, which uses the combination of a straw mat, a sunshade net and an X-shaped bracket, and builds a square plane passion net under the three-line type passion fruit frame for receiving passion fruit which naturally falls off; the invention adopts the method of collecting the passion fruit, which can repeatedly use the sunshade net for a plurality of times, can ensure the maturity of collecting the passion fruit, simultaneously prevent the mechanical damage of the passion fruit in the picking process, ensure that the passion fruit bag is not damaged and taken off, ensure the internal quality to be perfect, and solve the problem that the manual picking can not ensure the uniformity of the maturity and the consistency of the quality; the passion fruit after harvesting can be eaten, has good taste, can keep the storage and transportation and shelf life for 5-7 days, can save the cost of manual harvesting, save cost and increase efficiency, and improve the added value, and is particularly suitable for harvesting purple passion fruits and purple passion fruits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a three-wire rack type method for harvesting passion fruits.
Background
Passion fruit, the academic name passion fruit (Passiflora edulia Sims), alias: the Passiflora edulis and guava are plants of Passiflora edulis family and Passiflora edulis genus grass vines. The passion fruit is rich in nutrition and contains multiple vitamins, minerals and free amino acids; the fruit pulp juice can be used as food such as beverage, fruit juice, jam, jelly, etc., and the byproduct can be used as feed, so that the fruit with high economic value is obtained. The passion fruit has strong special fragrance, is popular with consumers worldwide, and the fresh passion fruit with high quality is in no need in domestic and foreign markets. In recent decades, passion fruit has become a popular special fruit tree which is preferentially developed in China, and the cultivation area is continuously increased.
The passion fruit is a vine plant, and can grow better only by being supported by a shed frame, and the cultivation frame of the passion fruit is flat-topped, fence-shaped, herringbone, arched, portal-shaped, three-line-shaped and the like. Meanwhile, as the passion fruit is a shallow root system vine plant, in order to prevent the root system of the passion fruit seedling from being influenced by high temperature in the early stage of nutrition growth, the growth of new roots and new vines of plants is not facilitated, a shed frame is generally selected to be built before cultivation, a sunshade net is covered between rows, a good photosynthetic space and a ventilated and breathable environment are also created, and the plants are protected from being influenced by high-temperature strong illumination in summer. However, after the branches of the passion fruit branches and tendrils form three-stage tendrils and the tendrils are enhanced, the sunshade net is not beneficial to photosynthesis of the tendrils and tendrils, and is unnecessary at the moment, if the sunshade net is discarded, the waste is extremely high, so that the sunshade net is improved into the passion fruit harvesting net bag, and the passion fruit harvesting net bag has good production significance.
At present, three-line cultivation frames, also called improved type gate-shaped shed frames, are commonly used in passion fruit production and cultivation. The shelf type lighting and ventilation are good, the pruning is convenient, the fruits do not rest on the top of the shed frame, but naturally drop, the fruits are hung into strings, and the harvesting is convenient. Three-wire racks have some limitations, for example: the picking process consumes manpower and time, has high requirements for picking personnel, is difficult for non-professional personnel to grasp the maturity of passion fruits, particularly the purple passion fruits and the purple passion fruits, has purple or purple color after the color of the pericarp changes, is difficult to distinguish the maturity and the internal quality, and is easy to pick passion fruits with insufficient maturity in advance by mistake.
Under the condition of sufficient photo-thermal conditions, the passion fruits can continuously bloom and fruit, which results in that the passion fruits are in the same hall for multiple generations and mature in batches, so that batch picking is often needed in the harvesting process. Generally, fruits with maturity of 7-9 are picked properly, but fruits with different maturity often have different preservation times, and some fruits can be placed for about one week, and some fruits can be placed for 2-3 days only. However, the passion fruits are difficult to completely distinguish according to colors in the uniform picking process, and are easy to rot in the storage and transportation processes, so that the overall quality of the passion fruits is affected.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention researches a method for harvesting the passion fruits by using a net for three-line cultivation frame type, thereby ensuring the maturity and quality of the passion fruits and simultaneously achieving the purpose of saving the planting cost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the three-wire rack type passion fruit net harvesting method, which solves the problem that the manual picking cannot ensure the uniformity of maturity and the consistency of quality.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following scheme:
a three-wire rack type method for harvesting passion fruit includes the following steps:
(1) Cutting the grass-inhibiting mat at the position which corresponds to the planting position of the plant seedlings of the passion fruits, wherein the plant seedlings are ploughed and paved with the grass-inhibiting mat, digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 0.6mX0.6mX0.5m, applying 8-10kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5-1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each hole as base fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and surface soil to prepare a tree disk with the height of 5-10cm higher than the furrow surface;
(2) Digging a planting pit at the position of a tree disk before the next ten days of 4 months, planting passion fruit seedlings in the planting pit, and spraying sufficient root fixing water; the planting of the passion fruits adopts a three-line cultivation frame type, and the field management is carried out according to daily water and fertilizer management and pest control;
(3) 5-10 days after the passion fruit seedlings are planted, two spliced sunshade nets are pulled between the upper part of the three-line type shed frame and the passion fruit planting rows, so that the seedlings are protected from strong ultraviolet in summer, and one planting row is arranged between every two adjacent sunshade nets; removing the sunshade net at the top of the sun-shading net in the last 9 th month of the current year, and keeping the sun-shading net for later use;
(4) In the next 10 months of the current year, 7-10 days before the first passion fruit is ripe, an X-shaped bracket is respectively arranged at two ends of each row of passion fruit, the left end point and the right end point of the X-shaped bracket are kept on the same horizontal line, and the intersection point is fixed, so that the intersection point faces the center of planting of each row of passion fruit;
(5) According to the length of the passion fruit planting furrow surface, a plurality of X-shaped brackets are additionally arranged in the middle of each row, so that the distance between each bracket is 5-6m;
(6) Paving the sunshade net reserved in the step (2) on each row of X-shaped brackets well arranged in the step (4), paving one piece on the left side and the right side of the passion fruit plant respectively, and tightly binding and fixing four corners of the sunshade net on the X-shaped brackets by using nylon ropes or binding ropes;
(7) Leveling sunshade nets at two ends of the bracket, splicing two sunshade nets in each row by using vine binding buckles, fixing each X-shaped bracket, and forming a pocket net below the passion fruits for receiving passion fruits which naturally mature and drop;
(8) Periodically cleaning fallen leaves on the pocket net; collecting passion fruit on the net bag for 1-2 times every day in the ripening peak period of passion fruit; when the fruits fall off less, collecting every 1-2 days;
(9) And removing the collected passion fruits from the residual fruits and individual falling fruits to obtain the harvested commodity passion fruits. If the surface of the pericarp is dirty, 0.05-0.15% bleaching powder solution can be used for sterilization and disinfection.
Specifically, the straw mat in the step (1) is black ground cloth.
Specifically, the X-shaped support is in an uneven shape from top to bottom, the upper side of the X-shaped support forms a large V shape and is used for fixing a sunshade net, the lower side of the X-shaped support is in a small V shape, and the X-shaped support is erected on the ground to form a small triangle, so that the X-shaped support plays a role in supporting the whole support.
Specifically, the material of the X-shaped bracket is one of wood, stainless steel or plastic.
Preferably, the height of the X-shaped bracket is 1.0-1.2m, the distance between the left upper corner and the right upper corner of the bracket is 0.8-1.0m, the bracket is buried for 40-50cm, and the vertical height of the built X-shaped bracket from the ground is 40-60cm.
Preferably, the width of the sunshade net is 0.5-1.0m.
Preferably, the planting row spacing of the three-wire cultivation frame is 2.5-3.0m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2.0m.
As a further supplement to the technical scheme, the passion fruit seed is purple passion fruit or purple passion fruit. The purple passion fruit has smaller biotype, strong juice flavor and higher sweetness, and is suitable for fresh food; the purple-red passion fruits have strong cold resistance and disease resistance, vigorous growth vigor, self-pollination results, no artificial powder, high juice content of 40%, extremely fragrant taste, and sugar content of 21%, and are suitable for fresh eating or processing.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts a method of collecting the fruit by adopting the net, combines the straw-inhibiting mat, the sunshade net and the X-shaped bracket, and forms the net below the three-line bracket of the passion fruit for receiving the passion fruit which naturally falls off; the method can repeatedly use the sunshade net for multiple times, can ensure the maturity of the passion fruits, simultaneously prevent the passion fruits from mechanical damage in the picking process, ensure that passion fruit bags are not damaged and are taken off, ensure the internal quality to be good, and solve the problems that the manual picking cannot ensure the uniformity of the maturity and the uniformity of the quality.
2. The invention adopts the method of collecting the passion fruit by the net, can avoid the risk of wound infection of the passion fruit branches and tendrils caused by manual collection, and the naturally-fallen passion fruit is not easy to go moldy or get ill.
3. The harvesting method of the invention does not need batch harvesting, only needs to collect the fruits falling off the sunshade net every day, can greatly reduce the labor investment, save the cost of manual harvesting, save the cost and increase the efficiency, and improve the added value.
4. According to the invention, a layer of black grass-inhibiting mat is paved at the row spacing of the passion fruit planting land, so that the growth of weeds can be prevented, the weeding labor cost is reduced, the temperature of soil can be reduced in high-temperature seasons in summer, the soil humidity is kept, a more suitable growing environment is created for passion fruits, moreover, accidental falling passion fruits can be prevented from being broken, and the income of fruit farmers is ensured.
5. The collected passion fruits are naturally ripe and drop, the quality and sweetness of the passion fruits can be optimized, the passion fruits can be eaten after being collected, and the passion fruits are especially suitable for collecting purple passion fruits and purple passion fruits for fresh food; and the collected passion fruits have consistent maturity, are convenient to uniformly manage and sell, and can be used for industrial production.
6. The collected passion fruits are naturally mature and drop, the quality of the passion fruits can be optimal, meanwhile, the passion fruits seeds in the passion fruits are plump, high-quality seeds are provided for subsequent new breeding, and the breeding efficiency and quality are improved.
7. The X-shaped bracket used by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient disassembly and assembly, low material cost and repeated recycling.
8. According to the invention, passion fruit is planted in middle and late April, and only one pruning is needed in the current year in the whole planting process, so that the spread of virus diseases can be effectively avoided; two spliced sunshade nets are pulled above the three-wire shed frame, so that evaporation of water in the passion fruit leaves can be reduced and prevented.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of an X-shaped bracket of the present invention; in the figure, a: intersection point, B: left end point, C: a right end point;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the effect of the present invention 1 month after fixation; in the figure, D: straw mat, E: sunshade net;
FIG. 3 is an X-shaped bracket of the present invention after sunshade net is laid;
fig. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the invention on the harvesting of the passion fruit planting land spam.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples:
example 1
A three-wire rack type method for harvesting passion fruit includes the following steps:
(1) Cutting off the grass-inhibiting mat at the position which corresponds to the planting position of the plant seedlings of the passion fruits on which the black grass-inhibiting mat is laid after ploughing for 1 month before planting, digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 0.6mX0.6mX0.5m, and applying 8kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer in each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with surface soil to form a tree disk which is 5-10cm higher than the furrow surface;
(2) Digging a planting pit at the position of a tree disk before the next ten days of 4 months, planting passion fruit seedlings in the planting pit, and spraying sufficient root fixing water; the passion fruit is planted by adopting a three-line cultivation frame, the planting row spacing is 3.0m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, and the field management is carried out according to daily water and fertilizer management and pest control;
(3) 5 days after the passion fruit seedlings are planted, two spliced sunshade nets are pulled between the upper part of the three-line shed frame and the passion fruit planting rows to protect the seedlings from strong ultraviolet in summer, one planting row is arranged between adjacent sunshade nets, and the width of each sunshade net is 1.0m; removing the sunshade net at the top of the sun-shading net in the last 9 th month of the current year, and keeping the sun-shading net for later use;
(4) In the next 10 th of the current year, 10 days before the first passion fruit is ripe, respectively setting a wooden X-shaped bracket at two ends of each row of passion fruit, wherein the left end point and the right end point of the X-shaped bracket are kept on the same horizontal line, and the intersection point is fixed, so that the intersection point faces the center of planting of each row of passion fruit;
the X-shaped bracket is in an uneven shape from top to bottom, the upper edge of the X-shaped bracket forms a large V shape and is used for fixing a sunshade net, the lower edge of the X-shaped bracket is in a small V shape, and the X-shaped bracket stands on the ground to form a small triangle, so that the function of supporting the whole bracket is achieved; the height of the X-shaped bracket is 1.0m, the distance between the left upper corner and the right upper corner of the bracket is 0.8m, the bracket is buried for 40cm, and the vertical height of the built X-shaped bracket from the ground surface is 40cm.
(5) According to the length of the passion fruit planting furrow surface, a plurality of X-shaped brackets are additionally arranged in the middle of each row, so that the distance between each bracket is 5m;
(6) Paving the sunshade net reserved in the step (2) on each row of X-shaped brackets well arranged in the step (4), paving one piece on the left side and the right side of the passion fruit plant respectively, and tightly binding and fixing four corners of the sunshade net on the X-shaped brackets by using nylon ropes or binding ropes;
(7) Leveling sunshade nets at two ends of the bracket, splicing two sunshade nets in each row by using vine binding buckles, fixing each X-shaped bracket, and forming a pocket net below the passion fruits for receiving passion fruits which naturally mature and drop;
(8) Periodically cleaning fallen leaves on the pocket net; collecting passion fruit on the net bag for 1-2 times every day in the ripening peak period of passion fruit; when the fruits fall off less, collecting every 1-2 days;
(9) And removing the collected passion fruits from the residual fruits and individual falling fruits to obtain the harvested commodity passion fruits.
Example 2
A three-wire rack type method for harvesting passion fruit includes the following steps:
(1) Cutting off the grass-inhibiting mat at the position which corresponds to the planting position of the plant seedlings of the passion fruits on which the black grass-inhibiting mat is laid after ploughing for 2 months before planting, digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 0.6mX0.6mX0.5m, and applying 9kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.8kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers to each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizers with surface soil to form a tree disk which is 5-10cm higher than the furrow surface;
(2) Digging a planting pit at the position of a tree disk before the next ten days of 4 months, planting passion fruit seedlings in the planting pit, and spraying sufficient root fixing water; the passion fruit is planted by adopting a three-line cultivation frame, the planting row spacing is 3.0m, the plant spacing is 1.8m, and the field management is carried out according to daily water and fertilizer management and pest control;
(3) 10 days after the passion fruit seedlings are planted, two spliced sunshade nets are pulled between the upper part of the three-line shed frame and the passion fruit planting rows to protect the seedlings from strong ultraviolet in summer, one planting row is arranged between adjacent sunshade nets, and the width of each sunshade net is 1.0m; removing the sunshade net at the top of the sun-shading net in the last 9 th month of the current year, and keeping the sun-shading net for later use;
(4) In the last 10 th ten days of the current year, 8 days before the first passion fruit is ripe, two ends of each row of passion fruit are respectively provided with a wooden X-shaped bracket, the left end point and the right end point of the X-shaped bracket are kept on the same horizontal line, and the intersection point is fixed, so that the intersection point faces the center of planting of each row of passion fruit;
the X-shaped bracket is in an uneven shape from top to bottom, the upper edge of the X-shaped bracket forms a large V shape and is used for fixing a sunshade net, the lower edge of the X-shaped bracket is in a small V shape, and the X-shaped bracket stands on the ground to form a small triangle, so that the function of supporting the whole bracket is achieved; the height of the X-shaped bracket is 1.1m, the distance between the left upper corner and the right upper corner of the bracket is 1.0m, the bracket is buried for 50cm, and the vertical height of the built X-shaped bracket from the ground surface is 50cm.
(5) According to the length of the passion fruit planting furrow surface, a plurality of X-shaped brackets are additionally arranged in the middle of each row, so that the distance between each bracket is 6m;
(6) Paving the sunshade net reserved in the step (2) on each row of X-shaped brackets well arranged in the step (4), paving one piece on the left side and the right side of the passion fruit plant respectively, and tightly binding and fixing four corners of the sunshade net on the X-shaped brackets by using nylon ropes or binding ropes;
(7) Leveling sunshade nets at two ends of the bracket, splicing two sunshade nets in each row by using vine binding buckles, fixing each X-shaped bracket, and forming a pocket net below the passion fruits for receiving passion fruits which naturally mature and drop;
(8) Periodically cleaning fallen leaves on the pocket net; collecting passion fruit on the net bag for 1-2 times every day in the ripening peak period of passion fruit; when the fruits fall off less, collecting every 1-2 days;
(9) And removing the collected passion fruits from the residual fruits and individual falling fruits to obtain the harvested commodity passion fruits.
Example 3
A three-wire rack type method for harvesting passion fruit includes the following steps:
(1) Cutting off the grass-inhibiting mat at the position which corresponds to the planting position of the plant seedlings of the passion fruits on which the black grass-inhibiting mat is laid after ploughing for 1 month before planting, digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 0.6mX0.6mX0.5m, and applying 8kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer in each hole, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer with surface soil to form a tree disk which is 5-10cm higher than the furrow surface;
(2) Digging a planting pit at the position of a tree disk before the next ten days of 4 months, planting passion fruit seedlings in the planting pit, and spraying sufficient root fixing water; the passion fruit is planted by adopting a three-line cultivation frame, the planting row spacing is 3.0m, the plant spacing is 2.0m, and the field management is carried out according to daily water and fertilizer management and pest control;
(3) 5 days after the passion fruit seedlings are planted, two spliced sunshade nets are pulled between the upper part of the three-line shed frame and the passion fruit planting rows to protect the seedlings from strong ultraviolet in summer, one planting row is arranged between adjacent sunshade nets, and the width of each sunshade net is 1.0m; removing the sunshade net at the top of the sun-shading net in the last 9 th month of the current year, and keeping the sun-shading net for later use;
(4) In the next 10 th ten days of the current year, 7 days before the first passion fruit ripens, respectively setting a wooden X-shaped bracket at two ends of each row of passion fruit, wherein the left end point and the right end point of the X-shaped bracket are kept on the same horizontal line, and the intersection point is fixed, so that the intersection point faces the center of planting of each row of passion fruit;
the X-shaped bracket is in an uneven shape from top to bottom, the upper edge of the X-shaped bracket forms a large V shape and is used for fixing a sunshade net, the lower edge of the X-shaped bracket is in a small V shape, and the X-shaped bracket stands on the ground to form a small triangle, so that the function of supporting the whole bracket is achieved; the height of the X-shaped bracket is 1.2m, the distance between the left upper corner and the right upper corner of the bracket is 0.8m, the bracket is buried for 50cm, and the vertical height of the built X-shaped bracket from the ground surface is 60cm.
(5) According to the length of the passion fruit planting furrow surface, a plurality of X-shaped brackets are additionally arranged in the middle of each row, so that the distance between each bracket is 5m;
(6) Paving the sunshade net reserved in the step (2) on each row of X-shaped brackets well arranged in the step (4), paving one piece on the left side and the right side of the passion fruit plant respectively, and tightly binding and fixing four corners of the sunshade net on the X-shaped brackets by using nylon ropes or binding ropes;
(7) Leveling sunshade nets at two ends of the bracket, splicing two sunshade nets in each row by using vine binding buckles, fixing each X-shaped bracket, and forming a pocket net below the passion fruits for receiving passion fruits which naturally mature and drop;
(8) Periodically cleaning fallen leaves on the pocket net; collecting passion fruit on the net bag for 1-2 times every day in the ripening peak period of passion fruit; when the fruits fall off less, collecting every 1-2 days;
(9) And removing the collected passion fruits from the residual fruits and individual falling fruits to obtain the harvested commodity passion fruits.
Comparative example 1
The planting method is the same as the step (1) and the step (2) in the embodiment 1, and the difference is that the harvesting method does not adopt the stomacher harvesting of the invention, but adopts the conventional batch manual harvesting,
comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 differs from example 2 in that the planting time is different, planting is performed in 3 months, and harvesting is started in 7 months; the picking method adopts conventional batch manual picking, and the passion fruit with the maturity of 70% -100% is cut off one by using sterilized scissors when picking every 20-30 days.
Fruit quality evaluation and labor cost estimation were performed on the passion fruits harvested in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2, and 10 seeds of high quality passion fruits were selected for breeding experiments, respectively, and statistical results (average values) are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 statistical results of passion fruits harvested in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2
| Fruit maturity (%) | Fruit quality evaluation (score) | Cost of labor (Yuan) | Seed germination percentage (%) | |
| Example 1 | 100％ | 9.6 | 300 | 93.5％ |
| Implementation of the embodimentsExample 2 | 100％ | 9.7 | 300 | 94.3％ |
| Example 3 | 100％ | 9.7 | 300 | 95.2％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 70-100％ | 8.1 | 800 | 81.2％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 70-100％ | 8.1 | 800 | 78.5％ |
Note that:
1) The quality evaluation of passion fruit is analyzed from three angles of aroma intensity degree, peel damage degree, fruit bag damage degree and the like, scoring is carried out according to the standard of full score of 10 minutes, and the fruit quality evaluation result is average score of the three scores.
2) The breeding test is specifically as follows: all seeds of each passion fruit were respectively immersed in a potassium nitrate solution having a mass concentration of 100mg/L and a temperature of 30℃for 48 hours, the seed germination rates of 10 passion fruits in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were counted, and the respective average values were calculated.
As can be seen from the analysis of the data results in Table 1, compared with comparative examples 1-2, the ripeness of the passion fruits collected by the methods in examples 1-3 of the present invention are uniform, and reach 100% ripeness, while the ripeness of passion fruits in comparative example 1 is 70-100%, and further classification management and sale are required; the quality of the collected passion fruit is better, the germination rate of the obtained seeds is higher, and the labor cost is lower.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications or variations made by those skilled in the art without the need for inventive effort are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A three-wire rack type stomacher harvesting method for passion fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Cutting the grass-inhibiting mat at the position which corresponds to the planting position of the plant seedlings of the passion fruits, wherein the plant seedlings are ploughed and paved with the grass-inhibiting mat, digging planting holes with the length, width and depth of 0.6m multiplied by 0.6m multiplied by 0.5m, applying 8-10kg of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.5-1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each hole as base fertilizer, and uniformly mixing the base fertilizer and surface soil to prepare a tree disk with the height of 5-10cm higher than the furrow surface;
(2) Digging a planting pit at the position of a tree disk before the next ten days of 4 months, planting passion fruit seedlings in the planting pit, and spraying sufficient root fixing water; the planting of the passion fruits adopts a three-line cultivation frame type, and the field management is carried out according to daily water and fertilizer management and pest control;
(3) 5-10 days after the passion fruit seedlings are planted, two spliced sunshade nets are pulled between the upper part of the three-line type shed frame and the passion fruit planting rows, so that the seedlings are protected from strong ultraviolet in summer, and one planting row is arranged between every two adjacent sunshade nets; removing the sunshade net at the top of the sun-shading net in the last 9 th month of the current year, and keeping the sun-shading net for later use;
(4) In the next 10 months of the current year, 7-10 days before the first passion fruit is ripe, an X-shaped bracket is respectively arranged at two ends of each row of passion fruit, the left end point and the right end point of the X-shaped bracket are kept on the same horizontal line, and the intersection point is fixed, so that the intersection point faces the center of planting of each row of passion fruit; the X-shaped bracket is in an uneven shape, the upper edge of the X-shaped bracket forms a large V shape and is used for fixing a sunshade net, the lower edge of the X-shaped bracket is in a small V shape, and the X-shaped bracket is erected on the ground to form a small triangle, so that the function of supporting the whole bracket is achieved; the height of the X-shaped bracket is 1.0-1.2m, the distance between the left upper corner and the right upper corner of the bracket is 0.8-1.0m, the bracket is buried for 40-50cm, and the vertical height of the built X-shaped bracket from the ground is 40-60cm;
(5) According to the length of the passion fruit planting furrow surface, a plurality of X-shaped brackets are additionally arranged in the middle of each row, so that the distance between each bracket is 5-6m;
(6) Paving the sunshade net reserved in the step (3) on each row of X-shaped brackets well arranged in the step (4), paving one piece on the left side and the right side of the passion fruit plant respectively, and tightly binding and fixing four corners of the sunshade net on the X-shaped brackets by using nylon ropes or binding ropes;
(7) Leveling sunshade nets at two ends of the bracket, splicing two sunshade nets in each row by using vine binding buckles, fixing each X-shaped bracket, and forming a pocket net below the passion fruits for receiving passion fruits which naturally mature and drop;
(8) Periodically cleaning fallen leaves on the pocket net; collecting passion fruit on the net bag for 1-2 times every day in the ripening peak period of passion fruit; when the fruits fall off less, collecting every 1-2 days;
(9) And removing the collected passion fruits from the residual fruits and individual falling fruits to obtain the harvested commodity passion fruits.
2. The passion fruit three-wire rack type net harvesting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the straw-inhibiting mat in the step (1) is black ground cloth.
3. The passion fruit three-wire rack type net harvesting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the X-shaped bracket is made of one of wood, stainless steel or plastic.
4. The passion fruit three-wire rack type net harvesting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the width of the sunshade net is 0.5-1.0m.
5. The method for collecting passion fruit by three-wire rack type net according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the passion fruit is purple passion fruit or purple red passion fruit.
6. The passion fruit three-wire rack type net harvesting method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the planting row spacing of the three-wire cultivation frame is 2.5-3.0m, and the plant spacing is 1.5-2.0m.
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015154765A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-08-27 | 鈴田峠農園有限会社 | Assistant tool for transposition of sunshade device |
| CN210959651U (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-07-10 | 福建百果壹号农业发展有限公司 | Passion fruit hanging net formula cultivation frame |
| CN214339151U (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-10-08 | 贵州民族大学 | Improve rain-sheltering planting equipment of passion fruit seedling survival rate |
| CN113728883A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Trellis type cultivation method for passion fruit net surface |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015154765A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-08-27 | 鈴田峠農園有限会社 | Assistant tool for transposition of sunshade device |
| CN210959651U (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-07-10 | 福建百果壹号农业发展有限公司 | Passion fruit hanging net formula cultivation frame |
| CN214339151U (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2021-10-08 | 贵州民族大学 | Improve rain-sheltering planting equipment of passion fruit seedling survival rate |
| CN113728883A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Trellis type cultivation method for passion fruit net surface |
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| 百香果栽培技术要点;蔡永强等;农技服务(第2019年03期期);第8-12页 * |
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