CN104871895A - Method for quickly raising seedlings of Fuyou sweet persimmon via interstocks - Google Patents
Method for quickly raising seedlings of Fuyou sweet persimmon via interstocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN104871895A CN104871895A CN201510215649.XA CN201510215649A CN104871895A CN 104871895 A CN104871895 A CN 104871895A CN 201510215649 A CN201510215649 A CN 201510215649A CN 104871895 A CN104871895 A CN 104871895A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly raising seedlings of Fuyou sweet persimmon via interstocks. The method includes the steps of cultivating large seedlings of Diospyros lotus for rootstocks, performing seeding in early January after seeds are subjected to sprouting acceleration, mulching field ridges with mulch film, and setting up plastic film covered small arches; when the thickness of rootstock seedlings reaches 0.5 cm, performing chip budding with interstocks of E Shi 1 on 20th, June, and performing secondary stock pruning after grafting; in next year, grafting scion buds of Fuyou sweet persimmon to positions 20 cm above grafting cuts of the interstocks. By the use of the E Shi 1 to provide the interstocks to cultivate Fuyou sweet persimmon, the problem that Fuyou sweet persimmon and rootstock Diospyros lotus are grafting incompatible is effectively solved; the time of interstock-based seedling raising is 1 year earlier than that of the conventional method, and production cost is lowered.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fruit nursery stock and breed field, particularly relate to Japanese Sweet Persimmon kind and be rich in sweet persimmon employing interstock, short period, low cost, high outplanting rate seedling growing process.
Background technology
China is one of main country of origin of persimmon, output and first place, area Jun Ju countries in the world; Germ plasm resource is enriched, and originates in puckery persimmon kind 951, and originating in sweet persimmon only has 1, i.e. the sweet persimmon in the Luotian in Hubei Province.
The sweet persimmon in Luotian is sweet persimmon germ plasm resource the most ancient in the world, also be the sweet persimmon kind matter that China is uniquely original so far, its producing region, center is Luotian County of Hubei Province, Macheng City, therefore called after " the sweet persimmon of Luo Tian ", within 2008, through State General Administration for Quality Supervision's examination & verification, determine to implement the protection of national geography famous special product to the sweet persimmon in Luotian; At present, Hubei Province scientific research personnel has selected No. 1, Hubei Province persimmon, precious lid 2 complete sweet persimmon new varieties from the sweet persimmon Breeds of Luotian, and have passed Hubei Province's variety certification.
Japan is sweet persimmon Main Cultivation country, the sweet persimmon kind of seed selection is more than 200, (account for cultivation the gross area 35%), secondary youth, pine this morning raw rich, front river time youth, Yi Dou, Xi Cun is rich in early raw etc. for main breed with complete sweet persimmon, wherein be rich in sweet persimmon Comprehensive Traits best, outward appearance be beautiful, product are of fine quality, resistance.
Dateplum (
diospyros lotusl.) as the stock of persimmon, have grafting affinity good, the nursery stock life-span is long; Root system development is good, and absorb liquid manure ability strong, persimmon seed output and quality is high, the advantages such as strong stress resistance, is the main persimmon stock of current China.
But, is rich in the stock dateplum Incompatibility of sweet persimmon and the producing region extensive use of China's persimmon, performance graft survival rate is on the low side, interface healing is low, expanding, ftractureing appears in graft union, even ruptures, and particularly this kind of grafting plantation survival rate is low, tree vigo(u)r is extremely weak, plant easily dead (the .1996. sweet persimmon Stockscion combination grafting affinity research such as Wang Yuanyu. gardening journal).This is also that Japanese Sweet Persimmon kind is rich in twentieth century initial stage introducing China, and be the major reason of formation industry so far, thus cause China's sweet persimmon commercial quality unexcellent, export competitiveness is not strong.
Meanwhile, China fruit nursery stock adopts interstock graft seedling growth in producing, nursery stock by base anvil, interstock and scion variety three part formed, going out the garden cycle is generally 3 years, i.e. First Year cultivation base anvil nursery stock, grafting in autumn interstock; Second Year cultivates interstock nursery stock, autumn Grafted Variety; Within 3rd year, cultivate kind nursery stock, go out garden, cause growing-seedling period longer, management cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve prior art problem, the present invention spy provide a kind of overcome be rich in the low and seedling-cultivating method that growing-seedling period is short of sweet persimmon and dateplum Incompatibility, graft survival rate.
One is rich in sweet persimmon interstock fast seedling-cultivating method, comprises the steps:
(1) sow sweet persimmon base anvil dateplum seed, cultivate base anvil seedlings;
(2) early summer then, with No. 1, plate budding grafting interstock Hubei Province persimmon on base anvil;
(3) adopt secondary to cut anvil method, strengthen the management of interstock nursery stock;
(4) spring in next year, sweet persimmon is rich at interstock by continuous plate budding grafting;
(5), after kind seedling grafting, be rich in nursery stock high-quality by cultivation of strengthening management and go out garden strong sprout.
In this seedling-cultivating method, in order to improve base anvil nursery stock dateplum amount of growth, it is made to reach rugosity then needed for grafting interstock, in step (1), dateplum seed sand hides lamination 40 ~ 50 days, the abscisic acid equal size of Interior Seed significantly reduces, and suppresses the effect of seed germination greatly to weaken, is convenient to breaking dormancy; Sow first 2 days, sifted out by the seed of lamination, the warm water being placed in about 15 DEG C soaks 1 ~ 2 day, splits mouth show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow when there being the seed of 1/3;
Seed after vernalization 40% formaldehyde (formalin), 100 times of immersion kinds 0.5 ~ 1.0 hour, in advance in sowing mid-January then, the fine earth that ground, seedbed admixes 20 times with 5% phoxim granule is mixed cultivated, the shallow ridges of dark 2 ~ 3cm is opened during sowing, drilling, seed spreads the fine earth that lower rear covering thick layer is about 0.5cm, is limited not reveal seed; After planting seedbed furrow ridge lid layer mulch film, and then put up plastic film Small plastic shed thermal insulation wetting;
After dateplum comes up, when temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, remove face, ridge mulch film; After emerging one week, nursery soil drenches executed 2 ~ 3 times 50% carbendazol wettable powders, 500 times of liquid, prevention nursery stock anthracnose, every minor tick about 10 days; Be about 10cm by spacing in the rows during seedling 2 ~ 3 true leaves carry out thinning or fill the gaps with seedlings, when height of seedling is about 8cm, loosens the soil topdress in conjunction with intertillage, every mu imposes urea or composite fertilizer 15kg, connects and executes 2 ~ 3 times, every minor tick 20 ~ 30 days, simultaneously foliage-spray 0.3% urea 1 ~ 2 time.
In step (2), when base anvil nursery stock rugosity reaches more than 0.5cm, the requirement of plate budding to stock rugosity can be met, in early summer (June 20) grafting, method is plate budding, emphasize during operation " short, flat, fast, accurate ", reduce the wound aerial holdup time as far as possible, affect survival rate to prevent tannin oxidized in atmosphere; Grafting part is base anvil nursery stock distance ground height about 10cm place, and under grafting mouth, stock retains 3 ~ 4 leaves.
In step (3), to complete after grafting one week, carry out first time and cut anvil, retain 2 ~ 3, interface top leaf; First time to cut after anvil one week, and carry out second time and cut anvil completely, only reservation interstock is buddered; During interstock Hubei Province persimmon No. 1 grafting highly about 20 ~ 30cm, wipe out grafting film, the stock sprout tillers of buddering between neighbouring and bottom axil of erasing; Vegetative period should check at any time, base anvil coppice spout of erasing in time.
Interstock budders the growth most productive period on the occasion of midsummer, and this phase temperature is higher, if meet the dry season, then pours water in time; Duty is executed, thin spraying fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times, and ratio is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=2:2:1, opens strip ditch in face, ridge, seedbed and applies, and carries out spray leaf fertilizer 4 ~ 5 times in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously, and concentration is urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.3%.
Interstock grafting subjects to Hypocala moorei harm vegetative period, its larval feeding terminal bud and tender leaf, the terminal bud rate of being injured can reach more than 90%, has a strong impact on seedling growth, can select 2.5% decis EC3000 doubly or 20% Belmark EC2000 doubly, to terminal bud and blade spraying 1 ~ 2 time.
In step (4), next year late Febuary ~ early March, on interstock grafting mouth, the grafting of 20cm place is rich in sweet persimmon and budders, the same step of grafting method (2).
In step (5), to be rich in after sweet persimmon grafting 15 days, cut anvil completely, only retaining variety is buddered, and when kind seedling height is about more than 30cm, wipes out grafting film, and the sport technique segments such as bud picking, rich water and the extermination of disease and insect pest are with reference to step (3).
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
Adopt No. 1, Hubei Province persimmon to breed as interstock and be rich in sweet persimmon kind, effectively overcome the problem of the stock dateplum Incompatibility being rich in sweet persimmon and the producing region extensive use of China's persimmon, the graft survival rate of " base anvil+interstock ", " interstock+kind " is high, graft union is level and smooth, without expanding and ftractureing, without " big foot " and " bound feet " phenomenon, and the growth of interstock grafting tree vigo(u)r is vigorous.
General more than 3 years of time is cultivated in conventional interstock nursery, cause growing-seedling period long, manage time-consuming, USE RIGHT OF LAND FLOWING is low, increases seedling cost, it is 2 years that this method is rich in sweet persimmon interstock seedling raise period, comparatively conventional method shortens 1 year, improves land utilization efficiency, reduces production cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the present invention is rich in sweet persimmon interstock nursery stock schematic diagram;
Wherein: 1-base anvil dateplum; No. 1,2-interstock Hubei Province persimmon; 3-is rich in sweet persimmon kind.
Embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
See Fig. 1, is rich in the base anvil dateplum 1 highly about 10cm of sweet persimmon finished product seedling, height about 20 cm of No. 1, interstock Hubei Province persimmon, finished product height of seedling degree about 90 ~ 120cm.
Here is the concrete implementation step being rich in sweet persimmon finished product seedling:
((1) cultivates base anvil dateplum seedlings
Dateplum seed sand hides lamination 45 days, sows first 2 days and is sifted out by the seed of lamination, and the warm water being placed in about 15 DEG C soaks 1 ~ 2 day, splits when mouth shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally sow (early January) when there being the seed of 1/3; The fine earth that ground, seedbed admixes 20 times with 5% phoxim granule is mixed cultivated, open the shallow ridges of dark 2 ~ 3cm during sowing, drilling, seed spreads the fine earth that lower rear covering thick layer is about 0.5cm, after planting seedbed furrow ridge lid layer mulch film, and then put up plastic film Small plastic shed thermal insulation wetting.
After dateplum comes up, when temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, remove face, ridge mulch film; After one week, nursery soil drenches and executes 2 ~ 3 times 50% carbendazol wettable powders, 500 times of liquid, prevention nursery stock anthracnose, every minor tick about 10 days; Be about 10cm by spacing in the rows during seedling 2 ~ 3 true leaves carry out thinning or fill the gaps with seedlings, when height of seedling is about 8cm, loosens the soil in conjunction with intertillage and topdress.
By abovementioned technology, field investigation on June 15, dateplum rootstock seedling grows fine, rugosity be the seedling ratio of more than 0.5cm up to 92.07%, substantially meet the requirement of plate budding to stock rugosity.
(2) on base anvil, No. 1, plate budding grafting interstock Hubei Province persimmon is used
When dateplum nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.5cm, carry out plate budding early summer (June 20), emphasize during operation " short, flat, fast, accurate ", reduce the wound aerial holdup time as far as possible, grafting part is base anvil nursery stock distance ground height about 10cm place, and under grafting mouth, stock retains 3 ~ 4 leaves.
(3) adopt secondary to cut anvil method, strengthen the management of interstock nursery stock
To complete after grafting one week, carry out first time and cut anvil, retain 2 ~ 3, interface top leaf; First time to cut after anvil one week, carries out second time and cuts anvil completely, when interstock height of seedling degree is about 20-30cm, wipe out grafting film, and the stock sprout tillers of buddering between neighbouring and bottom axil of erasing; Vegetative period should check at any time, base anvil coppice spout of erasing in time.
Interstock is buddered and is strengthened management vegetative period, and duty is executed, thin spraying fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times, and ratio is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=2:2:1, opens strip ditch in face, ridge, seedbed and applies, and carries out spray leaf fertilizer 4 ~ 5 times in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously, and concentration is urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.3%.When suffering Hypocala moorei harm, select 2.5% decis EC3000 doubly or 20% Belmark EC2000 doubly, to terminal bud and blade spraying 1 ~ 2 time.
Mid-July, the graft survival rate of No. 1, field investigation interstock Hubei Province persimmon is 96.48%, and the germination rate of buddering is 95.12%, and the nursery stock average boldness of No. 1, early December investigation interstock Hubei Province persimmon is 0.87cm, average height is 93cm, and the rugosity fullying meet spring grafting in next year requires (table 1).
(4) next year late Febuary ~ early March, adopt continuous plate budding method, on interstock grafting mouth, the grafting of 20cm place is rich in sweet persimmon and budders.
(5) to be rich in after sweet persimmon grafting 15 days, cut anvil completely, only retaining variety is buddered, and when kind seedling height is about more than 30cm, wipes out grafting film, whole be rich in sweet persimmon growth of seedling during strengthen bud picking, except sprout tillers, rich water and the extermination of disease and insect pest.
The first tenday period of a month in May carry out field investigation, and on grafting 351 strain Hubei Province persimmon No. 1 interstock altogether, the graft survival rate being rich in sweet persimmon is 97.44%, and the germination rate of buddering is 95.72%; It is 1.04cm that early December investigation is rich in sweet persimmon interstock nursery stock average boldness, and average height is 128cm, and what fully meet sweet persimmon one-level seedling goes out garden standard; And base anvil+interstock, interstock+kind graft survival rate high, graft union is level and smooth, without expanding and ftracture, without " big foot " and " bound feet " phenomenon, is rich in sweet persimmon grafting tree vigo(u)r and grows vigorous (table 1).
Table 1 interstock is rich in sweet persimmon nursery graft survival rate and field productive embankment
。
The present invention is not only confined to above embodiment, and anyone can obtain its similar method under enlightenment of the present invention, but it does any change in form, and existing identical or close technical scheme all falls into scope.
Claims (6)
1. be rich in a sweet persimmon interstock fast seedling-cultivating method, comprise the following steps:
(1) base anvil dateplum seedlings are cultivated;
(2) early summer then, with No. 1, plate budding grafting interstock Hubei Province persimmon on described base anvil;
(3) adopt secondary to cut anvil method, strengthen the management of interstock nursery stock;
(4) spring in next year, sweet persimmon is rich at interstock by continuous plate budding grafting;
(5), after kind seedling grafting, the management of reinforcement grafting is cultivated high-quality and is gone out garden strong sprout.
2. seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, described cultivation base anvil dateplum seedlings are:
Dateplum seed sand is hidden lamination 40 ~ 50 days; Sow first 2 days, sifted out by the seed of lamination, the warm water being placed in about 15 DEG C soaks 1 ~ 2 day, splits mouth show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow when there being the seed of 1/3;
By 40% formaldehyde, the 100 times of immersion kinds 0.5 ~ 1.0 hour of the seed after above-mentioned vernalization, in advance in sowing mid-January then, the fine earth that ground, seedbed admixes 20 times with 5% phoxim granule is mixed cultivated, the shallow ridges of dark 2 ~ 3cm is opened during sowing, drilling, seed spreads the fine earth that lower rear covering thick layer is about 0.5cm, is limited not reveal seed;
After planting seedbed furrow ridge lid layer mulch film, and then put up plastic film Small plastic shed thermal insulation wetting;
After dateplum comes up, when temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, remove face, ridge mulch film; After emerging one week, nursery soil drenches executed 2 ~ 3 times 50% carbendazol wettable powders, 500 times of liquid, prevention nursery stock anthracnose, every minor tick about 10 days; Be about 10cm by spacing in the rows during seedling 2 ~ 3 true leaves carry out thinning or fill the gaps with seedlings, when height of seedling is about 8cm, loosens the soil topdress in conjunction with intertillage, every mu imposes urea or composite fertilizer 15kg, connects and executes 2 ~ 3 times, every minor tick 20 ~ 30 days, simultaneously foliage-spray 0.3% urea 1 ~ 2 time.
3. seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in described step (2), when base anvil nursery stock rugosity reaches more than 0.5cm, can meet the requirement of plate budding to stock rugosity, in early summer (June 20) grafting, method is plate budding; Grafting part is base anvil nursery stock distance ground height about 10cm place, and under grafting mouth, stock retains 3 ~ 4 leaves.
4. seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, described secondary is cut anvil method and is: to complete after grafting one week, carry out first time and cut anvil, reservation 2 ~ 3, interface top leaf; First time to cut after anvil one week, and carry out second time and cut anvil completely, only reservation interstock is buddered; During interstock Hubei Province persimmon No. 1 grafting highly about 20 ~ 30cm, wipe out grafting film, the stock sprout tillers of buddering between neighbouring and bottom axil of erasing; Vegetative period should check at any time, base anvil coppice spout of erasing in time;
Described nursery stock management is: interstock budders the growth most productive period on the occasion of midsummer, and this phase temperature is higher, if meet the dry season, then pours water in time; Duty is executed, thin spraying fertilizer 2 ~ 3 times, and ratio is N:P
2o
5: K
2o=2:2:1, opens strip ditch in face, ridge, seedbed and applies, and carries out spray leaf fertilizer 4 ~ 5 times in conjunction with the extermination of disease and insect pest simultaneously, and concentration is urea 0.3% ~ 0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2% ~ 0.3%;
Interstock grafting subjects to Hypocala moorei harm vegetative period, its larval feeding terminal bud and tender leaf, the terminal bud rate of being injured can reach more than 90%, has a strong impact on seedling growth, can select 2.5% decis EC3000 doubly or 20% Belmark EC2000 doubly, to terminal bud and blade spraying 1 ~ 2 time.
5. seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, in described step (4), next year late Febuary ~ early March, on described interstock grafting mouth, the grafting of 20cm place is rich in sweet persimmon and budders, the same step of grafting method (2).
6. seedling-cultivating method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, described grafting management is: to be rich in after sweet persimmon grafting 15 days, cut anvil completely, only retaining variety is buddered, when kind seedling height is about more than 30cm, wipe out grafting film, the sport technique segments such as bud picking, rich water and the extermination of disease and insect pest are with reference to step (3).
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| CN201510215649.XA CN104871895B (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2015-04-30 | It is a kind of rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock fast seedling-cultivating method |
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| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
| CN106577006A (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet persimmon container seedling raising matrix and method |
| CN107646476A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-02 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | The fast seedling-cultivating method of crisp sweet tea persimmon |
| CN107836232A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 建始绮丽果业有限责任公司 | A kind of live garden building method of sweet tea persimmon |
| CN112470733A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of gold-wire butterfly by using intermediate stock |
| CN115868403A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-03-31 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Method for growing seedlings of monarch emilia |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105918053A (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2016-09-07 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for quickly establishing persimmon orchard |
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| CN106577006A (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet persimmon container seedling raising matrix and method |
| CN107646476A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-02 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | The fast seedling-cultivating method of crisp sweet tea persimmon |
| CN107836232A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 建始绮丽果业有限责任公司 | A kind of live garden building method of sweet tea persimmon |
| CN112470733A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-03-12 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of gold-wire butterfly by using intermediate stock |
| CN115868403A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-03-31 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Method for growing seedlings of monarch emilia |
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| CN104871895B (en) | 2017-09-05 |
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