CN104871895B - It is a kind of rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock fast seedling-cultivating method - Google Patents
It is a kind of rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock fast seedling-cultivating method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104871895B CN104871895B CN201510215649.XA CN201510215649A CN104871895B CN 104871895 B CN104871895 B CN 104871895B CN 201510215649 A CN201510215649 A CN 201510215649A CN 104871895 B CN104871895 B CN 104871895B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock fast seedling-cultivating method, comprise the following steps：Base anvil fruit of date plum seedlings are cultivated, early January is sowed after presprouting of seeds processing, and furrow ridge lid mulch film simultaneously puts up plastic sheeting Small plastic shed；Base anvil nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.5cm, and plate budding intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon 1, secondary cut anvil after grafting are carried out June 20 then；Next year, grafting was buddered rich in sweet tea persimmon at 20cm in intermediate stock graft union.Bred rich in sweet tea persimmon for No. 1, effectively overcome rich in sweet tea persimmon and the incompatible problem of stock fruit of date plum grafting as intermediate stock with Hubei Province persimmon using the present invention, and the more conventional method of intermediate stock seedling raise period shortens 1 year, reduces production cost.
Description
Technical field
Field is bred the present invention relates to fruit nursery stock, Japanese Sweet Persimmon kind is especially related to rich in sweet tea persimmon using middle
Anvil, short cycle, low cost, high outplanting rate seedling-raising technique.
Background technology
China is one of main country of origin of persimmon, and yield and area Jun Ju countries in the world are the first；Germ plasm resource is enriched, and originates in
Puckery persimmon kind 951, originates in the Luotian sweet tea persimmon that sweet tea persimmon only has 1, i.e. Hubei Province.
Luotian sweet tea persimmon is most ancient sweet tea persimmon germ plasm resource in the world, is also the sweet tea persimmon kind that China uniquely originates in so far
Matter, its center producing region is Luotian County of Hubei Province, Macheng City, therefore is named as " Luo Tian sweet teas persimmon ", is examined through State General Administration for Quality Supervision within 2008
Core, determines that implementing national geography famous special product to Luotian sweet tea persimmon protects；At present, Hubei Province scientific research personnel is from Luotian sweet tea persimmon product
Hubei Province persimmon 1, the complete sweet tea persimmon new varieties of precious 2, lid are selected in population, and have passed through Hubei Province's variety certification.
Japan is sweet tea persimmon Main Cultivation country, and the sweet tea persimmon kind of seed selection (accounts for cultivation more than 200 so that complete sweet tea persimmon is rich
Train the gross area 35%), secondary youth, this loose morning raw rich, preceding river time youth, Yi Dou, Xi Cun early raw etc. be main breed, wherein richness
There are sweet tea persimmon Comprehensive Traits optimal, outward appearance is beautiful, quality is excellent, resistance.
The fruit of date plum（Diospyros lotusL.）It is good with grafting affinity as the stock of persimmon, nursery stock long lifespan；
Root system development is good, absorbs that liquid manure ability is strong, and persimmon yield and quality are high, the advantages of strong stress resistance, is the main persimmon of current China
Sub- stock.
But, it is not affine rich in the wide variety of stock fruit of date plum grafting of sweet tea persimmon and China's persimmon producing region, performance grafting into
Motility rate is relatively low, and interface healing is low, and junction surface occurs expanding, ftractureed, or even fracture, and particularly this kind of grafting plantation is survived
Rate is low, and tree vigo(u)r is extremely weak, and plant is easily dead（The .1996. sweet tea persimmon Stockscion combinations such as Wang Yuanyu grafting affinity studies gardening
Journal）.This is also that Japanese Sweet Persimmon kind is rich introduces China initial stage from twentieth century, is the major reason for forming industry so far,
So as to cause, China's sweet tea persimmon commercial quality is not excellent, and export competitiveness is not strong.
Meanwhile, intermediate stock graft seedling growth is used in China's fruit nursery stock production, nursery stock is by base anvil, intermediate stock and scion variety
Three parts are constituted, and are gone out the garden cycle and are generally 3 years, i.e., First Year cultivates base anvil nursery stock, autumn grafting intermediate stock；Second Year is cultivated
Intermediate stock nursery stock, autumn grafting kind；3rd year cultivate kind nursery stock, go out garden, cause growing-seedling period longer, management cost compared with
It is high.
The content of the invention
In order to solve prior art problem, present invention spy overcomes not close with fruit of date plum grafting rich in sweet tea persimmon there is provided one kind
With, the method for culturing seedlings that graft survival rate is low and growing-seedling period is short.
It is a kind of rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock fast seedling-cultivating method, comprise the following steps：
（1）Sweet tea persimmon base anvil fruit of date plum seed is sowed, base anvil seedlings are cultivated；
（2）Then early summer, plate budding grafting intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon 1 is used on base anvil；
（3）Using secondary cut anvil method, strengthen the management of intermediate stock nursery stock；
（4）Spring in next year, in intermediate stock by continuous plate budding grafting rich in sweet tea persimmon；
（5）After kind seedling grafting, cultivated by strengthening management and go out garden rich in nursery stock high-quality strong sprout.
In the method for culturing seedlings, in order to improve base anvil nursery stock fruit of date plum increment, needed for reaching grafting intermediate stock then
Rugosity, step（1）In, fruit of date plum seed sand storage lamination 40~50 days, the abscisic acid equal size of Interior Seed is substantially reduced, suppression
The effect that production of hybrid seeds is sprouted weakens significantly, is easy to breaking dormancy；First 2 days of sowing, the seed of lamination is sifted out, 15 DEG C or so are placed in
Warm water in soak 1~2 day, show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and can sow when the seed for having 1/3 splits mouth；
Seed 100 times of 40% formaldehyde (formalin) immersion kind 0.5~1.0 hour after vernalization, in advance January then
The middle ten days is sowed, and 20 times of the mixed shallow ridges ploughed, deep 2~3cm is opened during sowing of fine earth, bar are admixed to seedbed with 5% phoxim granule
Broadcast, seed spreads one thickness of lower rear covering about 0.5cm fine earth, is limited with not revealing seed；After planting one layer of mulch film of seedbed furrow ridge lid,
Then plastic sheeting Small plastic shed thermal insulation wetting is put up again；
After the fruit of date plum comes up, when temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, ridge face mulch film is removed；Emerge one week after, nursery soil drenches
2~3 times 50% carbendazol wettable powders, 500 times of liquid are applied, prevent nursery stock anthracnose, every minor tick about 10 days；Seedling 2~3 is true
Thinning is carried out by spacing in the rows about 10cm during leaf or filled the gaps with seedlings, as height of seedling about 8cm, loosen the soil and topdressed with reference to intertillage, every mu imposes urine
Element or composite fertilizer 15kg, company applied 2~3 times, per minor tick 20~30 days, while 0.3% urea of foliage-spray 1~2 time.
Step（2）In, when base anvil nursery stock rugosity reaches more than 0.5cm, you can meet requirement of the plate budding to stock rugosity,
In early summer（June 20）Grafting, method is plate budding, and " short, flat, fast, standard " is emphasized during operation, reduces wound in atmosphere as far as possible
Holdup time, with prevent tannin in atmosphere be oxidized and influence survival rate；Grafting part is that base anvil nursery stock is high about away from ground
At 10cm, stock retains 3~4 leaves under graft union.
Step（3）In, grafting one week after is completed, first time cut anvil is carried out, retains 2~3, top of interface leaf；Cut for the first time
Anvil one week after, carries out second of cut anvil completely, only retains intermediate stock and budders；No. 1 grafting height about 20 of intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon~
During 30cm, wipe out grafting film, erase budder nearby and bottom axil between stock sprout tillers；Growth period should check at any time, in time
Erase base anvil coppice spout.
Intermediate stock budders the growth most productive period on the occasion of midsummer, and this phase temperature is higher, if meeting the dry season, pours water in time；Duty applies, thin apply
Topdress 2~3 times, ratio is N:P2O5:K2O=2:2:1, the application of strip ditch is opened in seedbed ridge face, is entered in combination with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Row foliage application 4~5 times, concentration is 0.3%~0.5%+ of urea potassium dihydrogen phosphates 0.2%~0.3%.
Middle stock grafting seedling growth period is subject to Hypocala moorei harm, its larval feeding terminal bud and tender leaf, the aggrieved rate of terminal bud
Up to more than 90%, seedling growth is had a strong impact on, EC2000 times of EC3000 times of 2.5% decis or 20% Belmark is can select,
To terminal bud and blade spraying 1~2 time.
Step（4）In, late Febuary in next year~early March, grafting connects rich in sweet tea persimmon at 20cm in intermediate stock graft union
Bud, the same step of engrafting method（2）.
Step（5）In, rich in 15 days after sweet tea persimmon grafting, complete cut anvil is carried out, only retaining variety is buddered, kind seedling height
During about more than 30cm, grafting film is wiped out, the sport technique segment such as bud picking, rich water and prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control is with reference to step（3）.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages below：
Bred rich in sweet tea persimmon kind for No. 1, effectively overcome rich in sweet tea persimmon and China's persimmon producing region as intermediate stock using Hubei Province persimmon
The wide variety of incompatible problem of stock fruit of date plum grafting, " base anvil+intermediate stock ", the graft survival rate of " intermediate stock+kind "
Height, junction surface is smooth, and without expanding and ftractureing, without " big foot " and " bound feet " phenomenon, and middle stock grafting seedling tree vigo(u)r growth is vigorous.
General more than 3 years of time is cultivated in conventional intermediate stock nursery, causes growing-seedling period length, manages time-consuming, soil
Service efficiency is low, increases seedling cost, and this method is 2 years rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock seedling raise period, and more conventional method shortens 1 year,
Land utilization efficiency is improved, production cost is reduced.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the present invention rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock nursery stock schematic diagram；
Wherein：The 1- base anvil fruits of date plum；2- intermediate stocks Hubei Province persimmon 1；3- is rich in sweet tea persimmon kind.
Embodiment
Illustrate below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：
Referring to Fig. 1, the height about 10cm of the base anvil fruit of date plum 1 rich in sweet tea persimmon finished product seedling, the height about 20 of intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon 1
Cm, finished product height of seedling degree about 90~120cm.
Here is the specific implementation step rich in sweet tea persimmon finished product seedling：
（（1）Cultivate base anvil fruit of date plum seedlings
Fruit of date plum seed sand storage lamination 45 days, sowing sifts out the seed of lamination in first 2 days, in the warm water for being placed in 15 DEG C or so
Immersion 1~2 day, is sowed when the seed for having 1/3 is split when mouth shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally（Early January）；20 are admixed with 5% phoxim granule to seedbed
Fine earth again is mixed to be ploughed, and deep 2~3cm shallow ridges, drilling are opened during sowing, and seed spreads the lower rear fine earth for covering a thickness about 0.5cm, broadcast
Furrow ridge lid one layer of mulch film in seedbed after kind, then puts up plastic sheeting Small plastic shed thermal insulation wetting again.
After the fruit of date plum comes up, when temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, ridge face mulch film is removed；Nursery soil, which drenches, after one week applies 2~3
All over 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 500 times of liquid, prevent nursery stock anthracnose, every minor tick about 10 days；Pressed during 2~3 true leaves of seedling
Spacing in the rows about 10cm carries out thinning or filled the gaps with seedlings, and as height of seedling about 8cm, loosens the soil and is topdressed with reference to intertillage.
By abovementioned technology, field investigation on June 15, fruit of date plum rootstock seedling grows fine, and rugosity is more than 0.5cm
Seedling ratio be up to 92.07%, substantially meet requirement of the plate budding to stock rugosity.
（2）Plate budding grafting intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon 1 is used on base anvil
When fruit of date plum nursery stock rugosity reaches 0.5cm, in early summer（June 20）Plate budding is carried out, emphasized during operation " short, flat,
Hurry up, it is accurate ", reduce the wound aerial holdup time as far as possible, grafting part be base anvil nursery stock away from the high about 10cm in ground at, grafting
Stock retains 3~4 leaves under mouthful.
（3）Using secondary cut anvil method, strengthen the management of intermediate stock nursery stock
Grafting one week after is completed, first time cut anvil is carried out, retains 2~3, top of interface leaf；First time cut anvil one week after,
Second of cut anvil completely is carried out, during intermediate stock height of seedling degree about 20-30cm, grafting film is wiped out, and neighbouring and bottom of buddering of erasing
Stock sprout tillers between axil；Growth period should check at any time, base anvil coppice spout of erasing in time.
Intermediate stock growth period of buddering is strengthened management, and duty is applied, thin spraying fertilizer 2~3 times, and ratio is N:P2O5:K2O=2:2:1,
The application of strip ditch is opened in seedbed ridge face, foliage application 4~5 times is carried out in combination with the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, concentration be urea 0.3%~
0.5%+ potassium dihydrogen phosphates 0.2%~0.3%.When being endangered by Hypocala moorei, from EC3000 times of 2.5% decis or 20% speed
EC2000 times of fourth is killed, to terminal bud and blade spraying 1~2 time.
Mid-July, the graft survival rate of field investigation intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon 1 is 96.48%, and the germination rate buddered is
95.12%, the nursery stock average boldness of early December investigation intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon 1 is 0.87cm, and average height is 93cm, is reached completely
To the rugosity requirement of next year spring grafting（Table 1）.
（4）Late Febuary in next year~early March, using continuous plate budding method, the grafting at 20cm in intermediate stock graft union
Buddered rich in sweet tea persimmon.
（5）Rich in 15 days after sweet tea persimmon grafting, complete cut anvil is carried out, only retaining variety is buddered, kind seedling height about 30cm
During the above, wipe out grafting film, entirely rich in sweet tea persimmon growth of seedling during strengthen bud picking, except sprout tillers, rich water and the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
The first tenday period of a month in May carry out field investigation, on 351 plants of grafting Hubei Province persimmon 1 intermediate stock altogether, the grafting survival rich in sweet tea persimmon
Rate is 97.44%, and the germination rate buddered is 95.72%；Early December investigation is rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock nursery stock average boldness
1.04cm, average height is 128cm, and fully meet sweet tea persimmon one-level seedling goes out garden standard；And base anvil+intermediate stock, intermediate stock+
The high graft survival rate of kind, junction surface is smooth, without expanding and ftractureing, without " big foot " and " bound feet " phenomenon, rich in sweet tea persimmon grafting
The growth of seedling tree vigo(u)r is vigorous（Table 1）.
The intermediate stock of table 1 is rich in sweet tea persimmon nursery graft survival rate and field productive embankment
。
The present invention is not limited solely to above example, and it is similar that anyone can obtain its under the enlightenment of the present invention
Method, but it makees any change in form, and existing same or like technical scheme both falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. it is a kind of rich in sweet tea persimmon intermediate stock fast seedling-cultivating method, comprise the following steps：
（1）Cultivate base anvil fruit of date plum seedlings；
（2）Then early summer, plate budding grafting intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon 1 is used on the base anvil；
（3）Using secondary cut anvil method, strengthen the management of intermediate stock nursery stock；
（4）Spring in next year, in intermediate stock by continuous plate budding grafting rich in sweet tea persimmon；
（5）After kind seedling grafting, reinforcement grafting management cultivates high-quality strong sprout and goes out garden；
Described cultivation base anvil fruit of date plum seedlings are：By fruit of date plum seed sand storage lamination 40~50 days：First 2 days of sowing, will
The seed of lamination is sifted out, and is placed in 15 DEG C or so of warm water and is soaked 1~2 day, is broadcast when the seed for having 1/3 splits mouth and showed money or valuables one carries unintentionally
Kind；By 100 times of the 40% formaldehyde immersion kind 0.5~1.0 hour of the seed after above-mentioned vernalization, then 1 middle of the month broadcast
Kind, the fine earth that 20 times are admixed to seedbed with 5% phoxim granule is mixed cultivated, and deep 2~3cm shallow ridges, bar are opened during sowing
Broadcast, seed spreads one thickness 0.5cm of lower rear covering fine earth, is limited with not revealing seed；After planting one layer of mulch film of seedbed ridge lid, so
Put up plastic sheeting Small plastic shed thermal insulation wetting again afterwards；After the fruit of date plum comes up, when temperature is higher than 15 DEG C, with removing ridge face
Film；Emerge one week after, nursery soil, which drenches, applies 2~3 times 50% carbendazol wettable powders, 500 times of liquid, prevents nursery stock anthrax
Disease, every minor tick 10 days；Thinning is carried out by spacing in the rows 10cm or fill the gaps with seedlings during 2~3 true leaves of seedling, as height of seedling 8cm, with reference to
Intertillage, which is loosened the soil, is topdressed, and every mu imposes urea or composite fertilizer 15kg, and company applies 2~3 times, every minor tick 20~30 days,
0.3% urea of foliage-spray 1~2 time simultaneously；
Described step（2）In, when base anvil nursery stock rugosity reaches more than 0.5cm, that is, plate budding is met to stock rugosity
It is required that, in grafting on June 20, method is plate budding；Grafting part be base anvil nursery stock away from the high 10cm in ground at, grafting
Stock retains 3~4 leaves under mouthful；
Described secondary cut anvil method is：Grafting one week after is completed, first time cut anvil is carried out, retains 2~3, top of interface leaf；
First time cut anvil one week after, carries out second of cut anvil completely, only retains intermediate stock and budders；No. 1 grafting height of seedling of intermediate stock Hubei Province persimmon
Spend 20~30cm when, wipe out grafting film, erase budder nearby and bottom axil between stock sprout tillers；Growth period should be examined at any time
Look into, base anvil coppice spout of erasing in time；
Described nursery stock manages：Intermediate stock budders the growth most productive period on the occasion of midsummer, and this phase temperature is higher, if meeting the dry season, in time
Pour water；Duty is applied, thin spraying fertilizer 2~3 times, and ratio is N:P2O5:K2O=2:2:1, the application of strip ditch is opened in seedbed ridge face, simultaneously
Carry out foliage application 4~5 times with reference to the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, concentration be 0.3%~0.5%+ of urea potassium dihydrogen phosphates 0.2%~
0.3%；Middle stock grafting seedling growth period is subject to Hypocala moorei harm, its larval feeding terminal bud and tender leaf, and the aggrieved rate of terminal bud reaches
More than 90%, seedling growth is had a strong impact on, from EC3000 times of 2.5% decis or 20% Belmark EC2000
Times, to terminal bud and blade spraying 1~2 time；
Described step（4）In, in the last ten-days period 2 month next year~the first tenday period of a month in March, transferred in the intermediate stock graft union at 20cm
Connect and buddered rich in sweet tea persimmon, the same step of engrafting method（2）；
Described grafting manages：Rich in 15 days after sweet tea persimmon grafting, complete cut anvil is carried out, only retaining variety is buddered, kind
During more than seedling height 30cm, grafting film is wiped out, bud picking, rich water and techniques of pest control link are with reference to step（3）.
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| CN105918053B (en) * | 2016-05-17 | 2019-06-04 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of persimmon rapid-result garden method fastly |
| CN106577006A (en) * | 2017-01-21 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省果树研究所 | Sweet persimmon container seedling raising matrix and method |
| CN107646476A (en) * | 2017-10-20 | 2018-02-02 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | The fast seedling-cultivating method of crisp sweet tea persimmon |
| CN107836232A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-03-27 | 建始绮丽果业有限责任公司 | A kind of live garden building method of sweet tea persimmon |
| CN112470733B (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2022-07-12 | 河北省林业和草原科学研究院 | Method for improving grafting survival rate of gold-wire butterfly by using intermediate stock |
| CN115868403A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2023-03-31 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | Method for growing seedlings of monarch emilia |
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