CN101946671B - Method for controlling crown growth of peach tree by using inter stocks - Google Patents
Method for controlling crown growth of peach tree by using inter stocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN101946671B CN101946671B CN2010102771621A CN201010277162A CN101946671B CN 101946671 B CN101946671 B CN 101946671B CN 2010102771621 A CN2010102771621 A CN 2010102771621A CN 201010277162 A CN201010277162 A CN 201010277162A CN 101946671 B CN101946671 B CN 101946671B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for controlling the crown growth of a peach tree by using inter stocks, which comprises the following steps: A, selecting and cultivating stock seedlings; B, selecting inter stocks; C, grafting and managing the inter stocks; D, grafting and managing cultivars; E, carrying out field planting and orchard establishing: the field planting is performed according to the requirements for orchard establishing of mature or young peach seedlings, and when planting, the lower graft union of the inter stock is exposed above ground; and F, carrying out final-period management: if the cultivated inter stock seedlings are mature seedlings, trunk cutting is carried out directly according the requirements for peach cultivation, and if the inter stock seedlings are young seedlings, the pinching and trunk cutting are carried out after the germination of scion buds; offshoots on rootstocks and the inter stocks are removed timely, and other fertilizer managements and insect and disease controls are same as those after a peach seeding orchard is established. The method of the invention is simple and easy to perform and convenient to operate, promotes the formation of blossom buds on the branches of the peach tree, improves the fruit-setting rate and the fruit quality of the peach tree, solves the key technical problem of controlling the crown growth of the peach tree, and overcomes the defects caused by usually using chemical inhibitors.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gardening fruit growing field, more specifically relate to the method for a kind of peach interstock control hat growth.
Background technology
Peach originates in China, is one of the most ancient fruit tree, its cultivation history have more than 4000 year (Wang Zuhua, Zhuan Enji. Chinese fruit tree will. peach volume. Beijing: China Forest publishing house, 2001,1-8), China is maximum in the world peach producing country.Not only outward appearance is gorgeous for the peach fruit, delicious succulence, and also nutritious, thereby extensively planted.Raising along with the constant growth of productivity and living standards of the people, early bearing, high yield, high-quality, low consumption, fruit production requirement efficient, easy to operate, mechanization make the cultivation mode of people to peach, turn to the dwarfing dense planting by tall anvil thin planting, downgrading dense planting is a kind of advanced person's who meets the peach production requirement, is widely used production model (Jin Yinhuan, Zhang Rui, Zhang Xia, He Yaofeng. peach is downgraded approach. gansu science and technology, 2008(1): 40).Therefore, how controlling the tree crown growth is the key problem in technology of realizing the peach dwarfing culture.
The peach growth is fast, especially at southern area, generally shows over growth, the difficult control of tree crown, management difficulty is big, hat, interior easily closing, setting fruit position moves outward soon, shortcomings such as time limit shortening as a result, therefore, seek a kind of method and control the tree crown growth, reduce invalid branch amount, to increasing illumination in the tree crown, promote into the bow structure fruit, improve fruit quality, save and prune labour's input, it is important to improve peach garden planting benefit meaning.
In the production of control peach tree crown the most frequently used method utilize exactly pruning technique cause short (Hou Guangtai, Ma Zhibin, Wang Yanping, Gao Jinyu. the comprehensive control hat technology of greenhouse peach. agronomy, 2010(11): 14).The peach treelet winter cuts off upright elongated shoot when cutting, and utilizes plagiotropic growth to replace elongated shoot, and all the other branches stay 2～3 blade cutting backs of base portion, and short its forms short tip fruit spur or medium fruit branch.As form long shoot, can continue to stay 3～4 blade weak points of base portion to cut, can form brachyplast type branch group so repeatedly and make the tree low bodyization.Though the peach winter pruning can reach the purpose of tree low bodyization, prune workload, time-consuming repeatedly every year, and cause easily also that at southern area tree body gummosis takes place.Second method is that seed selection is downgraded and brachyplast type kind.Utilize dwarfted varieties, because the dwarfted varieties internode is extremely short, amount of growth is little, and is painted bad, and internode is too close, and using on producing has many difficulties, cultivation on a small quantity only arranged, based on appreciation and cultivation.For this reason, propose half dwarfted varieties breeding, do not produce the kind that to promote the use of, also have a lot of work to do from production application but also form at present.(Zhu Haitao, Li Shidong, Zhang Peng, QiLi Guo, Liu Hongling, Chen Chuanyou, Chen Lei. peach is downgraded the physiological mechanism pre-test. the Shandong forestry science and technology, 2008(6): 94-96).In addition in the use of dwarfing rootstock, domestic still do not have a successful case of using, such as with common peach grafting on stunted tree, do not show the effect of dwarfing, the report of the domestic yet amixia of dwarfing rootstock seed selection.The third method be utilize growth inhibitor (Jin Yinhuan, Zhang Rui, Zhang Xia, He Yaofeng. peach is downgraded approach. gansu science and technology, 2008(1): 40).Growth inhibitor can suppress the meristematic tissue on branch top, and the young sprout internode is shortened, and blade significantly strengthens, and the leaf look dark green.Use to make the tree low bodyization year after year, promote bud to form.Inhibitor commonly used has B9, ethrel and paclobutrazol (PP
333) etc.But use growth inhibitor both to increase the production cost and the amount of labour, also do not meet the production requirement of pollution-free food, and PP
333Side effect is bigger: 1. fruit is sent out puckery, and pol reduces, and influences consumption; 2. fruit background color greening, the fruit type is sent out flat, influence presentation quality, the reduction commodity value; 3. PP
333In fruit, have residual, even contaminated soil, harmful no profit does not meet nuisanceless fruit production requirement; (in the Ning'an, Sun Wanbao. peach is difficult for using paclobutrazol. the Hebei fruit tree, 2004(2): 41).In addition, also the someone mentioned the peach interstock and downgraded test (Zhang Zhonghui, Wang Chengjun makes the dwarfing interstock test method of peach, northern fruit tree with Nanking cherry, 1997(4): 11), but we adopt Nanking cherry, Lee etc. to do to show that (in 1～3 year) has good control tree crown effect really in earlier stage when interstock repeats corresponding the test, but the later stage (after 3 years) all exists seriously not affinity phenomenon, therefore, make this method on producing, can't use.Therefore, the key of carrying out this technical thought is sought suitable interstock and suitable intermediate length.For this reason, we have sought a kind of peach interstock and have utilized its method of controlling hat on the basis of test for many years, cause short negative effect with workload and the solution chemical agent of saving the conventional cultivation pruning.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to be to provide the method for a kind of peach interstock control tree crown growth, the inventive method is simple, easy to operate, promoted branch to become flower, improving fruit rate and fruit quality, solving peach and produced and go up the long-term chemical inhibitor that uses and control the growth of peach tree crown and many drawbacks of bringing.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical measures:
A kind of method of peach interstock control hat, its step is as follows:
A, rootstock seedling select and cultivate: select wild peach as basic anvil, sowing in 1～February then when the long pinching during to 30～40 centimetres of nursery stock, promotes basic anvil thickening growth, when basic anvil rugosity reaches 0.3 centimetre, just can carry out grafting; (as Fig. 1)
B, interstock select and grafting: select that the species hybrid GF677 of almond and wild peach or other compatibility are good, adequate types that dwarfing effect is arranged is as interstock;
C, interstock grafting (grafting for the first time) and management: the period of grafting for the first time generally late May to early June.Choose the living then full bud of interstock kind branch and budder, overhead high 5～10 centimetres at wild peach base anvil, adopt rectangle bud grafting or " fourth " shaped budding method grafting interstock; After grafting 3～5 days, basic anvil last 2～3 centimeters of buddering are torn open the tip (as Fig. 2), sprout to promote interstock to connect as early as possible, when the interstock pinching when taking out living young sprout and growing into 15～20 centimetres of buddering, promote its thickening growth; (as Fig. 3)
D, cultivar grafting (grafting for the second time) and management: but when the interstock young sprout reaches 0.3 centimetre of grafting rugosity, adopt rectangle bud grafting mode, from grafting first time open height 5～10 centimeters grafting cultivation kinds; (as Fig. 4).General grafting time is in late July～early September, if grafting time early, can be above buddering about 1.5 ~ 2.0 centimeters cutting backs, impel sproutings of buddering, take out and bear young sprout, formation finished product seedling; (as Fig. 5).Later as grafting time, can adopt the bag bud grafting, form interstock bud seedling; (as Fig. 4)
The garden is built in E, field planting: the requirement that becomes seedling or bud seedling to build the garden by the peach utilization of planting, the next grafting mouth will basset when planting.
F, final-period management: as the interstock seedling cultivated for becoming seedling, then by high 50～60 centimetres of fixed doing overhead; As the interstock seedling is the bud seedling, and then pinching is done surely when length is to 20～30 centimetres after the sprouting of buddering; In time remove the sprout tillers on basic anvil and the interstock, other rich water, pest management are identical with the management after conventional peach seedling is built the garden.
The present invention compares with existing peach control hat technology, has the following advantages and effect:
1, the invention solves peach and prune the big problem of workload, reduced the production work amount, saved and used expenses of labour.
2, the present invention has overcome the upward long-term paclobutrazol (PP that relies on of China's peach garden production
333) wait the growth inhibitor control to be preced with fruit safety and the environmental pollution problems that is caused, help the green production of fruit, will be that the peach production technology is reformed and leaped.
3, it is too short that the present invention has overcome the young sprout internode weak point that directly utilizes dwarfted varieties and dwarfing rootstock to occur, management inconvenience and later stage are not affine etc., the problem of practical application difficulty in the production can partly be downgraded the production purpose by suitable interstock combination realization peach, is convenient to carry out Industry Promotion and uses.
4, compare with conventional wild peach anvil (CK) cultivation mode, the control effect to tree crown of the present invention is obvious, and the height of tree, dried high, dried week, tree crown area obviously reduce (seeing Table 1).
5, compare with conventional wild peach anvil (CK), the present invention is to proterties and fruit quality improve significantly and improve as a result.(table 1).
Table 1 Kingsoft is different interstock controls hat effects of chilli oil peach kind and to affect trait as a result early
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 makes basic anvil schematic diagram for a kind of wild peach;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of buddering of grafting interstock on a kind of basic anvil;
Fig. 3 budders to take out for a kind of interstock and bears the young sprout schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the grafting schematic diagram to the interstock of buddering of a kind of cultivar;
The dwarfed plant schematic diagram that Fig. 5 is preced with for a kind of control that is made of basic anvil, interstock and cultivar three.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail:
A kind of method of peach interstock control hat, its concrete steps are as follows:
A, rootstock seedling select and cultivate: select wild peach as basic anvil, sowing in 1～February then when the long pinching during to 30～40 centimetres of nursery stock, promotes basic anvil thickening growth, when basic anvil rugosity reaches 0.3 centimetre, just can carry out grafting; (as Fig. 1)
B, interstock select and grafting: select that the species hybrid GF677 of almond and wild peach or other compatibility are good, adequate types that dwarfing effect is arranged is as interstock;
C, interstock grafting (grafting for the first time) and management: the period of grafting for the first time generally late May to early June.Choose the living then full bud of interstock kind branch and budder, overhead high 5～10 centimetres at wild peach base anvil, adopt rectangle bud grafting or " fourth " shaped budding method grafting interstock; After grafting 3～5 days, basic anvil last 2～3 centimeters of buddering are torn open the tip (as Fig. 2), sprout to promote interstock to connect as early as possible, when the interstock pinching when taking out living young sprout seedling and growing to 15～20 centimetres of buddering, promote its thickening growth; (as Fig. 3)
D, cultivar grafting (grafting for the second time) and management: but when the interstock young sprout reaches 0.3 centimetre of grafting rugosity, adopt rectangle bud grafting mode, first from grafting first time open height 5～10 centimeters grafting cultivation kinds; (as Fig. 4).General grafting time is in late July～early September, if grafting time early, can be above buddering about 1.5 ~ 2.0 centimeters cutting backs, impel sproutings of buddering, take out and bear young sprout, formation finished product seedling; (as Fig. 5).Later as grafting time, can adopt the bag bud grafting, form interstock bud seedling; (as Fig. 4)
The garden is built in E, field planting: become seedling or bud seedling to build garden field planting requirement by peach and plant, note when planting the next grafting mouth will be basseted.
F, final-period management: as the interstock seedling cultivated for becoming seedling, then by high 50～60 centimetres of fixed doing overhead; As the interstock seedling is the bud seedling, and then pinching is done surely when length is to 20～30 centimetres after the sprouting of buddering; In time remove the sprout tillers on basic anvil and the interstock, other rich water, pest management are identical with the management after conventional peach seedling is built the garden.
Claims (1)
1. the method for peach interstock control hat, its step is as follows:
A, rootstock seedling select and cultivate: select wild peach as basic anvil, sowing in 1～February then when the long pinching during to 30～40 centimetres of nursery stock, when basic anvil rugosity reaches 0.3 centimetre, is carried out grafting;
B, interstock are selected: the species hybrid GF677 that selects almond and wild peach is as interstock;
C, interstock grafting and management: the period of grafting for the first time late May to early June, choosing the living then full bud of interstock kind branch budders, overhead high 5～10 centimetres at wild peach base anvil, adopt rectangle bud grafting or T-shaped budding method grafting interstock; After grafting 3～5 days, basic anvil last 2～3 centimeters of buddering are rolled over the tip, pinching when interstock is buddered and taken out living young sprout seedling and grow to 15～20 centimetres;
D, cultivar grafting and management: the interstock young sprout carries out the grafting second time when reaching 0.3 centimetre of rugosity, adopts rectangle bud grafting mode, from grafting first time open height 5～10 centimeters grafting cultivation kinds; Grafting time is in late July～early September, and 1.5～2.0 centimeters cutting backs above interstock is buddered impel the cultivar sprouting of buddering, and take out and bear young sprout, form the finished product seedling;
The garden is built in E, field planting: become seedling or bud seedling to build garden requirement field planting by peach, note when planting the next grafting mouth will be basseted;
F, final-period management: the interstock seedling of cultivation is pressed overhead high 50～60 centimetres of fixed doing for becoming seedling; The interstock seedling is the bud seedling, and pinching is done surely when length is to 20～30 centimetres after the sprouting of buddering; Remove the sprout tillers on basic anvil and the interstock, other rich water, pest management are identical with the management after conventional peach seedling is built the garden.
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| CN102217489B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2014-06-04 | 赵化友 | Composite grafting method for trees and special device |
| CN103477875B (en) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-04-22 | 桑世标 | Rapid cultivation method for grafting plum by using large peach trees as rootstocks |
| MD4272C1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-09-30 | Общественное Учреждение Научно-Практический Институт Садоводства И Пищевых Технологий | Process for the formation of the peach tree |
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| CN104322288A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-02-04 | 山西桃运扁桃技术开发研究所 | Management method for almond grafted seedlings |
| CN104272983B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2016-06-08 | 山西桃运扁桃技术开发研究所 | A kind of almond budding method |
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| CN106472118A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-03-08 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | A kind of method that utilization intermediate stock controls peach gummosis |
| CN110352725B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-08-17 | 新疆林科院经济林研究所 | Grafted prune and breeding method thereof |
| CN111149601A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-05-15 | 辽宁省经济林研究所 | Seedling raising method for increasing yield of late-bearing walnuts |
| CN112154850B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2022-08-12 | 史宝具 | Seedling breeding method for amygdalus communis |
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| CN1522560A (en) * | 2003-07-18 | 2004-08-25 | 田盛波 | Dwarf sweet cherry seedling cultivation method |
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