CN107646599A - A kind of cultural method of new cotton variety - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of new cotton variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN107646599A CN107646599A CN201710942819.3A CN201710942819A CN107646599A CN 107646599 A CN107646599 A CN 107646599A CN 201710942819 A CN201710942819 A CN 201710942819A CN 107646599 A CN107646599 A CN 107646599A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cultural method of new cotton variety, comprise the following steps：1) sow：Site preparation, begin sowing in good time, the amount of broadcasting and seed level, seeding quality requirement；2) field management：Drip emergence, abolish it is hardened, reseed, intertill in good time, change adjust, liquid manure plans strategies for, pinches；3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of high yield and quality cultivation method of new cotton variety provided by the invention, the cotton high yield growing technology of " early, close, short, film, even " is implemented, heated in critical periods such as sowing, emergence, topping, disleaves using plastic film mulch, rational close planting, emergence of dripping, existingization tune, the key technology point such as in good time disleave, do a good job of it broadcast it is preceding prepare, one broadcast full stand, field management and harvest four crucial production links, reach cotton seedling in April, flower bud in May, flower in June, peach in July, the field dynamic indicator of wadding in August, realize high yield, high-quality, efficient target.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop-planting technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of cultural method of new cotton variety.
Background technology
North Xinjiang Cotton Production is the pillar industry in the region, not only significant to Economy in Xinjiang construction, and
And very important effect is all played to the Cotton Production in the whole nation.Special ecological environment and natural bar due to North SinKiang precocity cotton region
Part, the kind common manifestation from interior introduced is late-maturing and bad adaptability, plantation can not be widely applied in North SinKiang, production kind must
The road based on self-fertile must be walked, in recent years, the cotton that cotton in Xinjiang R＆D institution has selected the early series in new land, suitable for machine is adopted is new
Kind, and each cotton variety has the feature of oneself, the supporting good method of breeding, field is carried out for the characteristic of each new varieties
Between cultivation management, can be only achieved high yield, high-quality, efficient.
New early No. 74 (primary number, neolite H8) precocious upland cotton of category in land, is the cotton research of Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Shihezi of Xinjiang
Institute's strain is for female parent by early 33 choosing in new land, and disease-resistant material bud Huang 217 of getting bumper crops is that male parent progress cross combination artificial emasculation is miscellaneous
Hand over, by M8003 line, resistance screening, Nan Fan identifications, Quality Detection, variety comparative test, multispots trial, it is excellent to select Comprehensive Traits
Good precocious hybrid cotton new lines, performance prematureness is good, get bumper crops, fiber quality is excellent, disease resistance and resistance are preferable, blow-of-cottons collection
In it is happy.Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions's Shine Early cotton pilot study, regional testing are participated within 2012~2014 years, participates in Xinjiang within 2015
The precocious group cotton variety pilot production of autonomous region of Uygur.Word 2016 year 24 was examined by authorization, new agriculture in 2016.Breeding time
120 days, I-II formula fruit branch, medium blade size, bottle green, Single boll weight 5.5g, son referred to 10.1g, ginning outturn 41.3%, fiber upper half
Portion average length 30.5mm, specific strength 31.3cN/tex, mic value 4.25, uniformity index 85.3%.Shihezi in 2016
In reclamation area new cotton variety, strain multispots trial, yield and quality arranges first, growth characteristic：Individual growing way is strong, seedling growth
Development is fast, and time of infertility nutrient growth is vigorous, well developed root system；Middle and later periods growth is sane.Drought-enduring, strong stress resistance.But there has been no one
Kind is for the early No. 74 High yield cultural method in new land.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention aiming at it is above-mentioned in the prior art the defects of, there is provided a kind of cultivation side of new cotton variety
Method.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is：A kind of cultural method of new cotton variety, including
Following steps：
1) sow：
A) site preparation：First to be ploughed, tilling depth reaches 25-30cm, ploughs uniformly, and grading, it is good that site preparation reaches soil moisture content,
Soil is in small, broken bits, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower；
B) begin sowing in good time：
When 5cm ground temperature is stable under film passes through 12 DEG C, when relative moisture of the soil is 65%-80%, start to sow, normal year
Part was piloted at the beginning of 4 months, and April 15 was largely sowed, and terminated sowing before April 25；
C) amount of broadcasting and seed level：
Using 1,1 cave precision drilling mode, seed level 1.5cm, thickness of earth covering 1-1.5cm；
D) seeding quality requirement：
During sowing, sowed using GPS navigation, broadcast that row end is straight, and film surface is open and flat, press mold is tight, and earthing is suitable, and dislocation rate does not surpass
3% is crossed, hole rate is no more than 2%；
2) field management：
A) drip emergence：
Rapid stringing drips after broadcasting, and using the pipe mode (Fig. 1) of a film three, the amount of dripping is 300m3/hm2, dripped before April 25
Emergence terminates；
B) abolish hardened：
Abolish hardened after raining, be unearthed beneficial to cotton seedling；
C) reseed：
Disconnected ridge, broken strip location are reseeded in time after broadcasting；
D) intertillage in good time：
Depth 12-14cm is intertilled, width is more than or equal to 22cm；
E) change and adjust：
Adjusted 5-7 times using casing coupling amination in breeding time, seedling stageization is adjusted 2-3 times, flower bud phase 2 times, and 1-2 times after topping, it is total to change tune
Measure as 825-1050g/hm2, the amount of being watered is 300-450m every time3/hm2；
F) liquid manure is planned strategies for：
By 6000kg/hm2Unginned cotton target output, it is 2850-3000kg/hm to determine total fertilization amount2；Whole layer placement of fertilizer is urine
Plain 150kg/hm2, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer 180kg/hm2；Breeding time top dressing is urea 630-645kg/hm2, drip irrigation fertilizer 225kg/hm2；
Growth period drips 7-8 times, and compared with other less varieties 1-2 times, always the amount of dripping is 3450-4200m3/hm2；When paying attention to head water
Between and every time drip irrigation time, irrigation quantity；
The emergence water in April is 300-375m3/hm2；In June, drip 1-2 times, normal year head water droplet water was June 15
After start, be later than normal Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation 7-9 days, the amount of dripping 450m3/hm2, the amount of dripping is 300-375m for the second time3/hm2；From June
Start to calculate within 15th, drip altogether June and apply drip irrigation fertilizer 45kg/hm2, urea 105kg/hm2；In July, drip 2-3 times, drip every time
Measure 375-450m3/hm2；Drip altogether July and apply drip irrigation fertilizer 180kg/hm2, urea 450kg/hm2；August part, drips 2-3 times, every time
The amount of dripping 300m3/hm2, drip apply urea 75-90kg/hm altogether2, the amount of dripping and fertilizer amount are in each decline trend, preceding how rear few, and 8
Cut off the water before the moon 25, stop fertilizer；
G) pinch：
Cotton topping terminated before July 1, and individual plant averagely retains fruit branch number of units 8-9 platforms, cotton plant natural height control after topping
System is in 70-75cm；
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Cotton bollworm control is used based on biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention, at the edge of a field again with poplar branch induction, is adopted in cotton field
Prevented and treated with hanging gyplure bottle or spreading fertilizer over the fields gyplure medicine in top of cotton blade, in cotton flowering and boll-setting period, ten days in July to August
The middle ten days, hundred plants of larvas are prevented and treated more than 2 using machinery hanging, and medicine is the chemical drugs such as emamectin benzoate, 20% Rynaxypyr
Agent；
Cotton spider mites prevent and treat, prevented and treated by the way of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and chemoprevention are combined, seedling stage mainly using look into, touch, artificial removal
Be that main period occurs for cotton spider mites in July to August etc. mode, kill the medicament of adult again using not only killing egg, optional 5% Ah
Rhzomorph is tieed up, the Envidor of 5% emamectin benzoate+34% or 20% AVM hereinafter etoxazoles etc., three layers are hung spray, are sprayed from bottom to top, water is not less than
400m3/hm2；Cotton aphid control is early, is prevented and treated using spot film, for the cotton field of the shinny stream oil of spot film, timely medication to be prevented and treated,
Medicament is Acetamiprid, the pymetrozine of imidacloprid+25%, 22% sulfoxaflor.
Above-mentioned is a kind of cultural method of new cotton variety, and the new cotton variety is early No. 74 cotton varieties in new land.
The more existing cultivation technique important improvement point of the technology of the present invention：
(1) pattern is adopted using row dense planting machines such as the rows of a film three, reduces machine pick cotton flower containing miscellaneous；
(2) casing coupling amination adjusts number and usage variance larger；
(3) the drip head water time is delayed；
(4) breeding time drip irrigation water and number difference are obvious.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：A kind of cultural method of new cotton variety provided by the invention, implemented " early, close,
It is short, film, even " cotton high yield growing technology, heated, rationally using plastic film mulch in critical periods such as sowing, emergence, topping, disleaves
The key technology points such as dense planting, emergence of dripping, existingization tune, in good time disleave, do a good job of it broadcast it is preceding prepare, one broadcast full stand, field management and
Harvest four crucial production links, reach cotton seedling in April, flower bud in May, flower in June, peach in July, August wad a quilt with cotton field dynamically refer to
Mark, realize high yield, high-quality, efficient target.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is shown as the pipe cropping pattern of a film three that the present invention uses.
Wherein, spacing in the rows：7.5cm；Line-spacing 76cm；Sown scope 228cm.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of cultural method of new cotton variety, it is for new land early No. 74 cotton variety tailors, including following
Step：
1st, sow：
1.1 in good time site preparations：Selection right times are ploughed, and tilling depth reaches 25-30cm, to be ploughed uniformly, grading,
Site preparation reaches that soil moisture content is good, and soil is in small, broken bits, defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower.
1.2 begin sowing in good time：When 5cm ground temperature is stable under film passes through 12 DEG C, relative moisture of the soil is suitable when being 65%-80%
Sowing, normal year were piloted at the beginning of 4 months, and April 15 was largely sowed, and terminated sowing before April 25.
1.3 amounts of broadcasting and seed level：(1 1, cave) seeding technique is measured using essence.Seed level 1.5cm, thickness of earth covering 1-1.5cm.
The requirement of 1.4 seeding qualities：To be sowed using GPS navigation, broadcast that row end is straight, and film surface is open and flat, press mold is tight, and earthing is suitable,
Dislocation rate is no more than 3%, and hole rate is no more than 2%.
2nd, field management：
2.1 drip emergence：Rapid stringing drips after broadcasting, and general to use the pipe mode of a film three, the amount of dripping is on a 300m3/hm2 left sides
The right side, dripped emergence end-of-job before April 25.
2.2 abolish it is hardened：Rain after abolish in time it is hardened, so that cotton seedling is unearthed.
2.3 reseed：Disconnected ridge, broken strip location are reseeded in time after broadcasting
2.4 intertillages in good time：Depth 12-14cm, width are not less than 22cm.Improve low temperature and promote seedling growth, intertillage accomplish " it is wide,
It is deep, loose, broken, flat, tight ".
2.5 change tune：
The factors such as kind, soil fertility, liquid manure, Cotton growth appearance, density, weather conditions must be considered by changing tune, because of ground
Between suiting measures to different conditions determinization timing and dosage, breeding time is general 5-7 times, because new land early No. 74 seedling stages just grow vigorous, focuses on seedling stage
Change and adjust, seedling stage 2-3 times, flower bud phase 2 times, 1-2 times after pushing up greatly.Change and adjust total amount 825-1050g/hm2.The each amount of being watered 300-450m3/
hm2。
2.6 liquid manure are planned strategies for：
By 6000kg/hm2Unginned cotton target output determines 2850-3000kg/hm of total fertilization amount2.Whole layer placement of fertilizer：Urea
150kg/hm2, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer 180kg/hm2.Breeding time top dressing：Urea 630-645kg/hm2；Drip irrigation fertilizer 225kg/hm2。
Growth period drips 7-8 times, and compared with other less varieties 1-2 times, always the amount of dripping is 3450-4200m3/hm2.When paying attention to head water
Between and every time drip irrigation time, irrigation quantity.
The emergence water in April is 300-375m3/hm2；
In June, drip 1-2 times, normal year head water droplet water started after June 15, was later than normal Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation 7-9
My god, the amount of dripping 450m3/hm2, the amount of dripping is 300-375m for the second time3/hm2；Calculated since June 15, drip altogether June and apply drop
Fill fertile 45kg/hm2, urea 105kg/hm2；
In July, drip 2-3 times, every time the amount of dripping 375-450m3/hm2.July, mu drop applied drip irrigation fertilizer 180kg/hm altogether2、
Urea 450kg/hm2。
August part：Drip 2-3 times, every time the amount of dripping 300m3/hm2, drip apply urea 75-90kg/hm altogether2.The amount of dripping and fertilizer
Amount should be in each decline trend, preceding how rear few.August was cut off the water before 25 days, stops fertilizer.
2.7 topping：
Optimum period, early pinches, and cotton topping terminated before July 1.Adhere to " branch to not wait when, when to not grade branch " principle.Beat
Individual plant averagely retains fruit branch number of units 8-9 platforms behind top, and cotton plant natural height is controlled in 70-75cm.
3rd, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Guiding theory：Further strengthen autumn ploughing winter irrigation element task, carry out disease pest investigation and monitoring conscientiously, grab and early control, rationally
Using natural enemy, integrated control, severe specifications, medication, nonvoluntary mass treatment are selected.Cotton bollworm control.Control principle：Prevent a generation
" drop radix ", in main anti-two generations " drop insect population ", do not loosen three generations's " guarantor's yield ", adhere to accomplishing " medicine beats ovum peak, controls before two ages ".
Cotton bollworm control is used based on biological control, and supplemented by chemical prevention, at the edge of a field again with poplar branch induction, suspension is used in cotton field
Lure bottle spreads fertilizer over the fields gyplure medicine in top of cotton blade and prevented and treated, in cotton flowering and boll-setting period, ten days in July to mid-August, and hundred plants
Larva is prevented and treated more than 2 using machinery hanging, and medicine is the chemical agents such as emamectin benzoate, 20% Rynaxypyr.Cotton spider mites are prevented
Control.First, early spring channel, forest belt, edge of a field rand early preventing and treating；Second, cotton field is early investigated, accomplish to control morning, control less, prevent and treat in spot film,
Take " look into, smear, plucking, pulling out, removing, beating " aggregate measures；Third, reaching index for control, medication is selected.Mutually tied with chemoprevention using biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion
The mode of conjunction is prevented and treated, seedling stage mainly using look into, touch, the mode such as artificial removal, in July to August, when being that cotton spider mites generation is main
Phase, use and killing egg kill the medicament of adult again, and 5% AVM, the Envidor of 5% emamectin benzoate+34% or 20% Ah can be selected
Etoxazoles etc. are tieed up, three layers are hung spray, are sprayed from bottom to top, and water is not less than 400m3/hm2.Cotton aphid control.First, carry out in winter room
Flowers are gone out aphid；Second, early investigation, carries out center strain, centre slice preventing and controlling；Third, preventing and treating cotton excessive growth；Fourth, utilize, protect
Good natural enemy, select medication.For the cotton field of the shinny stream oil of spot film, timely medication to be prevented and treated, medicament is Acetamiprid, imidacloprid
+ 25% pymetrozine, 22% sulfoxaflor.
Finally it should be noted that：The preferred embodiments of the present invention are the foregoing is only, are not intended to limit the invention,
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still may be used
To be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitution is carried out to which part technical characteristic.
Within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., it should be included in the present invention's
Within protection domain.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of cultural method of new cotton variety, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1) sow：
A) site preparation：First ploughed, tilling depth reaches 25-30cm, ploughs uniformly, grading, it is good that site preparation reaches soil moisture content, soil
It is in small, broken bits, it is defincienct in the upper and excessive in the lower；
B) begin sowing in good time：
When 5cm ground temperature is stable under film passes through 12 DEG C, when relative moisture of the soil is 65%-80%, start to sow, normal year exists
Piloted at the beginning of 4 months, April 15 was largely sowed, and terminated sowing before April 25；
C) amount of broadcasting and seed level：
Using 1,1 cave precision drilling mode, seed level 1.5cm, thickness of earth covering 1-1.5cm；
D) seeding quality requirement：
During sowing, sowed using GPS navigation, broadcast that row end is straight, and film surface is open and flat, press mold is tight, and earthing is suitable, and dislocation rate is no more than
3%, hole rate is no more than 2%；
2) field management：
A) drip emergence：
Rapid stringing drips after broadcasting, and using the pipe mode (Fig. 1) of a film three, the amount of dripping is 300m3/hm2, emergence of dripping before April 25
Terminate；
B) abolish hardened：
Abolish hardened after raining, be unearthed beneficial to cotton seedling；
C) reseed：
Disconnected ridge, broken strip location are reseeded in time after broadcasting；
D) intertillage in good time：
Depth 12-14cm is intertilled, width is more than or equal to 22cm；
E) change and adjust：
Adjusted 5-7 times using casing coupling amination in breeding time, seedling stageization is adjusted 2-3 times, flower bud phase 2 times, and 1-2 times after topping, changing tune total amount is
825-1050g/hm2, the amount of being watered is 300-450m every time3/hm2；
F) liquid manure is planned strategies for：
By 6000kg/hm2Unginned cotton target output, it is 2850-3000kg/hm to determine total fertilization amount2；Whole layer placement of fertilizer is urea
150kg/hm2, threeflod calcium superphosphate fertilizer 180kg/hm2；Breeding time top dressing is urea 630-645kg/hm2, drip irrigation fertilizer 225kg/hm2；Growth
Phase drips 7-8 times, and compared with other less varieties 1-2 times, always the amount of dripping is 3450-4200m3/hm2；
The emergence water in April is 300-375m3/hm2；In June, drip 1-2 times, normal year head water droplet water was opened after June 15
Begin, be later than normal Cotton Field under Drip Irrigation 7-9 days, the amount of dripping 450m3/hm2, the amount of dripping is 300-375m for the second time3/hm2；From June 15
Start to calculate, drip altogether June and apply drip irrigation fertilizer 45kg/hm2, urea 105kg/hm2；In July, drip 2-3 times, every time the amount of dripping
375-450m3/hm2；Drip altogether July and apply drip irrigation fertilizer 180kg/hm2, urea 450kg/hm2；August part, drips 2-3 times, every time drop
Water 300m3/hm2, drip apply urea 75-90kg/hm altogether2, the amount of dripping and fertilizer amount are in each decline trend, preceding how rear few, August
Cut off the water before 25 days, stop fertilizer；
G) pinch：
Cotton topping terminated before July 1, and individual plant averagely retains fruit branch number of units 8-9 platforms after topping, and the control of cotton plant natural height exists
70-75cm；
3) prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control：
Cotton bollworm control is used based on biological control, supplemented by chemical prevention, induction is used in cotton field and hanged using poplar branch at the edge of a field
Hang gyplure bottle or spread fertilizer over the fields gyplure medicine in top of cotton blade and prevented and treated, in cotton flowering and boll-setting period, ten days in July to mid-August,
Hundred plants of larvas are prevented and treated more than 2 using machinery hanging, and chemical agent is emamectin benzoate, 20% Rynaxypyr；
Cotton spider mites are prevented and treated, and are prevented and treated by the way of biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion and chemoprevention are combined, seedling stage using looking into, touch, by the way of artificial removal,
July is that main period occurs for cotton spider mites to August, using not only killing egg but also kills the medicament of adult, from 5% AVM, 5%
The Envidor of emamectin benzoate+34% or 20% AVM hereinafter etoxazoles, three layers are hung spray, are sprayed from bottom to top, and water is not less than 400m3/hm2；Cotton
Aphid preventing and treating is carried out as early as possible, is prevented and treated using spot film, for the cotton field of the shinny stream oil of spot film, timely medication to be prevented and treated, medicament is
Acetamiprid, the pymetrozine of imidacloprid+25%, 22% sulfoxaflor.
2. the cultural method of a kind of new cotton variety according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the new cotton variety is
New early No. 74 cotton varieties in land.
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| CN201710942819.3A CN107646599A (en) | 2017-10-11 | 2017-10-11 | A kind of cultural method of new cotton variety |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109429653A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-08 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of cotton nitrogen chemical fertilizer |
| CN115005040A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in sandy soil by using ultra-wide film with length of 4.3 m |
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| CN102487693A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for planting precocious upland cotton variety in precocious cotton area |
| CN104082002A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 石河子大学 | Cotton continuous-cropping high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103597998B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团农六师农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of cotton by drip irrigation under plastic film |
| CN107135782A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cultural method of the South Sinkiang without film cotton |
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2017
- 2017-10-11 CN CN201710942819.3A patent/CN107646599A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102487693A (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-06-13 | 新疆农垦科学院 | High-yield cultivation method for planting precocious upland cotton variety in precocious cotton area |
| CN103597998B (en) * | 2013-11-21 | 2015-05-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团农六师农业科学研究所 | Cultivation method of cotton by drip irrigation under plastic film |
| CN104082002A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-08 | 石河子大学 | Cotton continuous-cropping high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104082002B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2016-03-30 | 石河子大学 | A kind of cultivation method of cotton continuous cropping high yield |
| CN107135782A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-09-08 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Cultural method of the South Sinkiang without film cotton |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109429653A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-03-08 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of recommendation method of administration of cotton nitrogen chemical fertilizer |
| CN115005040A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-09-06 | 新疆穗峰绿色农业科技有限公司 | Dry sowing and wet-out cultivation method for cotton in sandy soil by using ultra-wide film with length of 4.3 m |
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