CN104025825A - Cultivation method for preventing carrot from cracking, hollowing and branching - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for preventing a carrot from cracking, hollowing and branching. Preventive measures include that irrigating duly when the weather is dry in the early growth stage, and supplying water uniformly when a fleshy root expands quickly in the middle and later periods. The hollowing phenomenon can be avoided or reduced through avoiding different bad factors when cultivating. The preventing method includes deeply ploughing the soil, cultivating carefully, fertilizing properly and planting according to a suitable density. Direct seeding is an effective method for improving the output of carrots.

Description

A kind of cultivation method that prevents red flesh radish cracking, hollow, bifurcated

Technical field

The present invention relates to vegetable growing technical field, be specially a kind of cultivation method that prevents red flesh radish cracking, hollow, bifurcated.

Background technology

Radish originates in China, and cultivation history is long, and sowing area is large, is the vegetables of autumn and winter.Select different cultivars collocation cultivation, just can produce in the anniversary.Radish is half cold resistance plant, and seed can start to germinate in the time of 2-3 DEG C, and preference temperature is 20-25 DEG C.The temperature that seedling ability is higher, in the time of 25 DEG C, still can normal growth, also ability-3---the low temperature of 2 DEG C.Cauline leaf growth temperature range is wider, is 5-25 DEG C, and preference temperature is 15-20 DEG C.Fleshy root growth temperature range is about 6～20 DEG C, and preference temperature is 13-18 DEG C.But the dissimilar and adaptable temperature range of kind difference to some extent.The temperature range adapting to as summer and winter radish fleshy root is larger, so can be in the higher cultivation in season of temperature; The winter temperature range of radish adaptation is less, under hot conditions, is difficult to generate loose fleshy root.Radish is not drought-enduring, keep certain soil moisture and air humidity.Soil overdrying, hot climate, the pungent of fleshy root can increase, and quality is bad.As irregular in moisture supply, fleshy root just easily ftractures.Radish with moistening, be rich in deep, the well-drained loam cultivation of humus, soil layer and be advisable.Radish needs sufficient illumination.Illumination abundance, robust plant, photosynthesis is strong, is the necessary condition of fleshy root hypertrophy.As can not get substantial light photograph, and output will reduce, and quality is also poor.Beijing red flesh radish has been introduced a fine variety quinquenniad in the Northwest, and Lanzhou cultivated area is little, is mainly cracking, hollow, bifurcated, and output is lower, ineffective, also has influence on the red flesh radish market price higher.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to plant red flesh radish taking base manure as leading, topdressing as auxiliary, when sowing, will water vola water, according to soil property, weather and seeding method, process cracking, hollow, the bifurcation problem of fleshy root, improve output.

To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is specific as follows:

One, the processing method of fleshy root cracking

Red flesh radish fleshy root cracking mainly causes because soil moisture supply in vegetative period is inhomogeneous.Red flesh radish is at early growth period, runs into high temperature and drought and when insufficient water, fleshy root cortical tissue hardens gradually, moderate to the middle and late growth stage temperature, when moisture is sufficient, in fleshy root, xylem parenchyma cell divides and expands rapidly, inner cell can not correspondingly be grown, and cracking has just occurred.The measure of preventing is, when weather arid is met in Mei Luobu growth in earlier stage within, to irrigate in time, when middle and later periods fleshy root expands rapidly, evenly supplies water.

Two, the hollow processing method of fleshy root

The hollow reason of red flesh radish fleshy root is that Growth of Cells expands rapidly, and nutrient supply lacks, and in cell, nutrition content reduces rapidly.The hollow growth that mainly occurs in leaf nearly stops, fleshy root expands very fast time, relevant with culture technique with kind, cultivation condition.Morning as hollow in early-maturing variety, late variety is hollow late, and sandy soil hollow morning, clay loam are hollow late; Soil drainage is bad, and weather high temperature and drought applies fertilizer irregular, and insufficient water is easily hollow; Gathered late or bolting bloom also easily cause hollow.In cultivation, avoid above-mentioned various undesirable element as far as possible, just can prevent or reduce the generation of hollow phenomenon.

Three, the processing method of fleshy root bifurcated

Red flesh radish fleshy root lateral root expands, and just forms bifurcated, and reason is mainly that plow layer is too shallow, and the hard thing such as the hard and chad of soil, watt bits, tree root does not eliminate, and has hindered the growth of fleshy root.The excessive bifurcated that also can cause of people and animals' fecaluria, standing area that Shi Wei becomes thoroughly decomposed.Prevention method be to soil deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, apply fertilizer proper, planting density is suitable, it is live etc. to adopt.

Beneficial effect of the present invention is to prevent that measure from being, when weather arid is met in Mei Luobu growth in earlier stage within, to irrigate in time, when middle and later periods fleshy root expands rapidly, evenly supplies water.In cultivation, avoid various undesirable elements, just can prevent or reduce the generation of hollow phenomenon.Prevention method be to soil deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, apply fertilizer proper, planting density is suitable, adopt live is that red flesh radish is improved the effective ways of output.

Embodiment

Be described further in conjunction with certain planting site.

Example 1, prevent the cultivation method of red flesh radish cracking, hollow, bifurcated.

(1) wholely, basal dressing

Must deep plough in the ground of plantation red flesh radish, and it is thin to smash rake, and the growth that is just conducive to fleshy root is expanded.Total requirement of applying fertilizer is taking base manure as master, topdresses as auxiliary.Radish well developed root system, need to use sufficient base manure.Base manure consumption accounts for 70% of total fertilizing amount.Taking kind of red flesh winter radish as example, execute 2500-4000 kilograms of decomposed dungs, 25-30 kilograms of superphosphate, 50 kilograms of ash for every 667 square metres, in ploughing and burying, then execute 2500-3000 kilograms of people and animals' fecalurias, in ploughing after dry and burying, rake and do furrow.

(2) sowing

1. sowing time: in suitable sowing time, in good time and suitably sowing ahead of time can be grown seedling at 20-25 DEG C of temperature in May in spring, for later fleshy root hypertrophy is laid good basis.

2. seeding quantity: seeding quantity is determined according to soil property, weather and seeding method.0.5-0.6 kilogram of every 667 square metres of sowing.

3. thickness of sowing:, according to local working condition, decide rational thickness of sowing.Line-spacing 17-27 centimetre, 17～20 centimetres of spacing in the rows.

When sowing, will water vola water, sprinkling method has two kinds, the one, first water clear water or liquid dung, then sow, blinding; The 2nd, first to sow, rear blinding waters clear water or liquid dung.Water foot at the bottom of a kind of front method, Tu Miansong, emerges easily; A kind of rear method easily makes soil compaction, must before emerging, rewater, and keeps ground moistening, and seedling is just easily unearthed.When sowing, seed will be broadcast to obtain rare close appropriateness, 5-7, every bunch planting seed of bunch planting, and will scatter.Broadcast rear earthing approximately 2 cm thicks, unsuitable blocked up.

(3) field management

1. thinning: in time thinning (being even seedling), can avoid seedling crowded, shade mutually, illumination is bad.Can grasp the principle of early thinning, late final singling.When general plant tool 1-2 sheet leaf, carry out even seedling for the first time, 3 strains are stayed in every cave; When tool 3-4 sheet leaf, carry out even seedling for the second time; Final singling when 5-6 leaves of tool, 1 strain is stayed in every cave.

2. water: a little less than radish drought resistance, timely and appropriate discovery supply with moisture, under hot dry environment, fleshy root undergrowth, often cause radish slight of stature, fiber is many, the thick and stiff pungent of matter is dense, easily hollow.Excess moisture is also bad, the easy excessive growth of leaf, and fleshy root amount of growth also can be influenced, and susceptible disease.Therefore, note rationally watering.Seedling Stage will water less, to promote root to grow to depths; Leaf peak of growing season, needs water more, irrigate in right amount, but can not be too much, in order to avoid cause excessive growth; The rapid expanding stage of fleshy root should fully and equably be poured water, to promote fleshy root fully to grow up, more fertile tender; Stop pouring water in the first half of the month of gathering, to promote quality and storage property.The area that hot climate is dry suitably adds some domestic animals manures in pouring water, and has drought resistance function; Draining will be noted in area of heavy rainfull.

3. topdress: red flesh radish in growth in earlier stage, needs nitrogenous fertilizer more, be conducive to promote to nourish and grow; Middle and later periods is answered increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer, to promote expanding rapidly of fleshy root.According to surveying and determination, every 5000 kilograms of large-scale radish approximately need 30 kilograms, nitrogen, 15 kilograms, phosphorus, 24 kilograms, potassium, and these data can be done the reference of fertilizing amount.While topdressing, note not watering on leaf, execute by root.

4. intertill and clean tillage and ridging: red flesh radish growing period, take the circumstances into consideration intertillage and loosen the soil several times, in the season of especially easily growing in weeds, more want intertill and clean tillage.General intertillage is unsuitable dark, only pine table soil, and how to carry out at Feng Hangqian.High bedding cultivation,, in conjunction with intertillage, earth up, furrow are put in order.The radish varieties of microscler dew body, the heap soil or fertilizer over and around the roots root of also will earthing up, in order to avoid fleshy root bending.Plant strain growth is overstocked, extracts withered and yellow Lao Ye, in order to ventilation in the later stage.

(4) extermination of disease and insect pest

1. aphid: mainly contain two kinds of radish aphid and black peach aphids, 0.5 kilogram of available 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate adds water 500,1000 kilograms, or 0.5 kilogram of 400-500 kilogram that adds water of 50% malathion missible oil, or 0.5 kilogram of 25% phosmet missible oil adds water 250-500 kilograms, or 0.5 kilogram of 1000--1500 kilogram that adds water of 50% Aphox wetting powder, or 0.5 kilogram of 2.5% deltamethrin milk oil adds water 3000-4000 kilograms, or 20% speed 0.5 kilogram of 2000-2500 kilogram that adds water of chrysanthemum emulsifiable concentrate that goes out, the control of spraying.

2. Oeobia undalis: cry again borer, the brassicaceous vegetable of mainly causing harm, is injured the heaviest with radish, Chinese cabbage.Available following drug spray control: 90% 0.5 kilogram of trichlorphon adds water 500 kilograms, or 0.5 kilogram of 150-200 kilogram that adds water of 25% phosmet, or the insecticide (concentration is referring to control of aphids) such as 50% malathion, pyrethroid.Because Oeobia undalis larva has, weaving silk knots ensconces the characteristic that causes harm of cabbage heart, and medicament is difficult for contact with polypide, so spray medicine will morning, and before larva not yet weaves silk and knots, continuous spraying medicine 2-3 times.

3. diamond-back moth: cry again hang spring worm, available black light lamps larva.Agricultural chemicals and the concentration of chemical control are prevented and treated referring to Oeobia undalis.

4. phyllotreta striolata: agricultural chemicals and the concentration of chemical control are prevented and treated referring to Oeobia undalis.Spray when medicine, first starts inside encirclement from limit, field surrounding, prevents that flea beetle from outwards runing away.Larva occur serious, while causing harm root, 0.5 kilogram of available 90% trichlorphon adds water 1000 kilograms, fills with nest.

(5) disease control

Red flesh radish Major Diseases has soft rot, Leucoplakia, black spot, virus disease, downy mildew etc.To take integrated control to disease, to reduce onset condition, stop cause of disease, strengthen plant resistance against diseases.As select not seed in spite of illness of health, and carry out seed disinfection, carry out crop rotation, the high furrow of zanjon, keep rural area clean, and pest controls etc., are used chemical control if desired.

(6) cracking of fleshy root, hollow, bifurcation problem

1. cracking: fleshy root cracking mainly causes because soil moisture supply in vegetative period is inhomogeneous.Red flesh radish is at early growth period, runs into high temperature and drought and when insufficient water, fleshy root cortical tissue hardens gradually, to the suitable beans of the middle and late growth stage temperature, when moisture is sufficient, in fleshy root, the rapid division of xylem parenchyma cell is expanded, inner cell can not correspondingly be grown, and cracking has just occurred.The measure of preventing is in the time that weather arid is met in radish growth in earlier stage, irrigates in time, when middle and later periods fleshy root expands rapidly, evenly supplies water.

2. hollow: the hollow reason of fleshy root is that Growth of Cells expands rapidly, nutrient supply lacks, and in cell, nutrition content reduces rapidly.The hollow growth that mainly occurs in leaf nearly stops, fleshy root expands very fast time, relevant with culture technique with kind, cultivation condition.Morning as hollow in precocity, late variety is hollow late, and sandy soil hollow morning, clay loam are hollow late; Soil drainage is bad, and weather high temperature and drought applies fertilizer irregular, and insufficient water is easily hollow; Gathered late or bolting bloom also easily cause hollow.In cultivation, avoid above-mentioned various undesirable element as far as possible, just can prevent or reduce the generation of hollow phenomenon.

3. bifurcated: the lateral root of fleshy root expands, just forms bifurcated, and reason is mainly that plow layer is too shallow, and the hard thing such as the hard and chad of soil, watt bits, tree root does not eliminate, and has hindered the growth of fleshy root.The excessive bifurcated that also can cause of people and animals' fecaluria, standing area that Shi Wei becomes thoroughly decomposed.Prevention method be to soil deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, apply fertilizer proper, planting density is suitable, it is live etc. to adopt.

Claims (2)

1. one kind prevents that red flesh radish cracking, cultivation method hollow, bifurcated from is characterized in that:

(1) processing method of fleshy root cracking is at early growth period, runs into high temperature and drought and when insufficient water, irrigates in time, when middle and later periods fleshy root expands rapidly, evenly supplies water;

(2) the hollow processing method of fleshy root is to be that Growth of Cells expands rapidly, and nutrient supply lacks, and in cell, nutrition content reduces rapidly, and bad when soil drainage, weather high temperature and drought, applies fertilizer irregular, and insufficient water is easily hollow; Gathered late or bolting bloom also easily cause hollow;

(3) processing method of fleshy root bifurcated be to soil deep ploughing and intensive cultivation, apply fertilizer proper, planting density is suitable, it is live etc. to adopt.

2. prevent as claimed in claim 1 that red flesh radish cracking, cultivation method hollow, bifurcated are also suitable for the implantation methods of similar radish.