CN107996339B - Raw cotton production method suitable for wide early-quality cotton in northwest inland cotton area - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a raw cotton production method suitable for wide early-quality cotton in the northwest inland cotton area, which comprises the following steps: A. fission type fine breeding: a. selecting varieties; b, 10 thousand times fission type seed reproduction; c. queuing the large and small granules for granule selection; B. wide equal-row planting, and matched technology: a. variety selection and early sowing at proper time; b. widening the lighting technology of the side-row membranes; c. the technique of no earthing of the sowing rows and no soil pressing on the film; d. a proper amount of seedling water dripping technology; e. first water and late dripping technology; f. the plant height is increased and the topping technology is properly delayed; g. applying flower bell fertilizer again; C. early hair and early maturity matching technology; D. the quality control matching technology of the high-quality raw cotton comprises the following steps: a. a mulching film uncovering anti-pollution technology is carried out at a proper period; b. a proper amount of defoliation ripener spraying technology in a proper period: c. the field weed and foreign matter removing technology comprises the following steps: d. a proper-period harvesting technology. The method is easy to implement and simple and convenient to operate, realizes the change from short, dense and early cotton-needing to be warm to light and mild environmental resources, and provides support for high quality, high yield and high efficiency of cotton.

Description

Raw cotton production method suitable for wide early-quality cotton in northwest inland cotton area

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton planting, and particularly relates to a method for producing raw cotton with high early-quality width suitable for northwest inland cotton areas, which is suitable for cotton production areas with medium fertility or more and drip irrigation or furrow irrigation conditions in the northwest inland cotton areas.

Background

The cotton area in the northwest inland is the main cotton production area in China, and in recent years, the area and the yield of cotton account for more than 60 percent of the total amount of the whole country. The cotton planting area of the Xinjiang cotton area in the northwest inland of 2016 reaches 180.52 ten thousand hectares (2707.8 million mu, 667 m)²Per acre), the total ginned cotton is 359.4 ten thousand tons, which respectively account for 53.5 percent and 67.3 percent of the total amount of the country. However, the cotton quality in Xinjiang cotton area in the northwest inland gradually deteriorates. According to data of quality conditions of justice inspection of cotton in China's New system in 2008-2014, variation characteristics of cotton fiber quality and grade distribution in different regions in China are analyzed, and the problem of cotton quality in Xinjiang cotton areas is found, wherein the proportion of 27mm grade of fiber length is increased, and the proportion of 29mm grade and 30mm grade is reduced, so that the fiber length in Xinjiang cotton areas is lowest and is continuously reduced; the strong performance of the cotton fiber is that the fiber breaking ratio strength of the cotton area in China is basically stabilized at 29cN/tex, the cotton area in Xinjiang is obviously lower than that of the cotton area in China, the annual fluctuation is large and the trend is obviously reduced; and the breaking ratio strength is obviously reduced after 10 months, even to 27cN/tex or below, so that the proportion of difference grade is increased, and the proportion of strength grade is reduced. According to public inspection quality data of Xinjiang cotton in 2011-2015, the length of cotton fibers is averagely 28.4mm, and the breaking specific strength is averagely 27.9 cN/tex; the proportion of the micronaire grade A and the micronaire grade B is reduced from 96.2% in 2011 to 62.2% in 2015. Xinjiang, as a main area of the inland cotton area in the northwest, has a significant influence on the cotton industry in China, and particularly, the produced raw cotton restricts the production of medium and high count yarns due to the quality problem, so that the cotton planting benefit, the stability of the cotton industry, the improvement of competitiveness and the sustainable development are influenced.

Since the 90 s, the Xinjiang cotton area takes heat as the basis and density as the breakthrough, gradually forms a 'dense, short, early, film and uniform' cultivation technical mode, and the production of cotton is greatly developed. The high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation technique of cotton is a technological route for overcoming the defects of density and yield by means of density on the basis of 'dense, short, early, uniform and film' cultivation technique. The variety selection is a precondition, the mulching film is a condition, the early and even is a foundation, the density is a key point, and the short is a key point (1 Rejun. discussion of technical approaches for high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation of Xinjiang cotton. Xinjiang agricultural science 2002, 02: 9-10).

At present, the technology of short, dense and early popularized in large area in the cotton region in the northwest inland, namely a (66+10) cm and (72+4) cm wide and narrow row spacing configuration mode, and the density of hectare is 21-24 ten thousand plants. Provides a novel technology of short, dense, early, film, uniform and ultra-narrow row precision seeding (2. Xinjiang production and construction of a war group cotton production whole-process mechanization technical system, agricultural machinery, 2015.04). At present, most of the mechanical cotton-picking fields in Xinjiang adopt a planting mode of (66+10) cm or (64+12) cm, and the number of harvested plants in the Nanjiang cotton area in Xinjiang is usually 17.25-22.5 ten thousand plants/hm²The number of harvested strains in northern Xinjiang cotton area (precocious cotton sub-area) is 20.25-24.00 ten thousand strains/hm²The small plant type population structure is densely planted in a cotton production area in Xinjiang, more than 1875kg of lint is produced in hectare, and the plant height is controlled to be about 70cm (3 white rock and the like. evaluation and prospect of high-yield simplified cultivation technology of Xinjiang cotton. China agricultural science, 2017, 50(1): 38-50).

Numerous documents and large-area production prove that the common planting mode in the northwest inland cotton area represented by Xinjiang is as follows: close planting, more than 20 million plants per hectare, the plant height is about 70cm, namely: dense and short, and is matched with a series of technical measures of early sowing in proper period, early seedling setting, water and fertilizer promotion, early topping, mature harvest and the like to produce cotton so as to obtain higher cotton planting benefit. The technology plays an important role in the production and development of local cotton.

However, with the development of technology and the improvement of production conditions, the short, dense and early mode has a problem which cannot be ignored, and the further development of cotton production in the area is seriously influenced. The prominent expression is: reasonable close planting can promote prematurity, but too high density is not beneficial to prematurity. According to the experiment and practice, when the density exceeds 22.5 ten thousand strains/hm²Later, the middle and lower belling was severely inhibited, the rotting and shedding was severe, and the upper belling was more concentrated to produce yield, rather than premature. In addition, the higher the density, the lower the plant height is required,mechanical harvesting is also not facilitated (dolomite, etc., high yield simplified cultivation technical review and prospect of Xinjiang cotton, Chinese agricultural 2017, 50(1): 38-50). In this mode of production, cotton quality is difficult to guarantee. According to data of quality conditions of justice inspection of cotton in China's New system in 2008-2014, variation characteristics of cotton fiber quality and grade distribution in different regions in China are analyzed, and the problem of cotton quality in Xinjiang cotton areas is found, wherein the proportion of 27mm grade of fiber length is increased, and the proportion of 29mm grade and 30mm grade is reduced, so that the fiber length in Xinjiang cotton areas is lowest and is continuously reduced; the strong performance of the cotton fiber is that the fiber breaking ratio strength of the cotton area in China is basically stabilized at 29cN/tex, the cotton area in Xinjiang is obviously lower than that of the cotton area in China, the annual fluctuation is large and the trend is obviously reduced; and the breaking ratio strength is obviously reduced after 10 months, even to 27cN/tex or below, so that the proportion of difference grade is increased, and the proportion of strength grade is reduced. The reason that the fiber breaking ratio strength is lower is mainly shown in that the production quality and the post-partum quality are reduced, and the production quality is influenced by the rapid temperature drop in the later growth stage of cotton and the use of early frost and defoliation ripeners; (ii) a The post-harvest quality is related to the high impurity content of the mechanically harvested cotton seeds and the increase of the cleaning process of cotton ginning (Tianjing mountain, Zhang Wangfeng. Xinjiang cotton fiber quality status, problem and countermeasure analysis. 2015 Association of the national cotton youth academy of academic seminar treatise). According to public inspection quality data of Xinjiang cotton in 2011-2015, the length of cotton fibers is averagely 28.4mm, and the breaking specific strength is averagely 27.9 cN/tex; the proportion of the micronaire grade A and the micronaire grade B is reduced from 96.2% in 2011 to 62.2% in 2015 (Lixueyuan et al. Xinjiang cotton quality benefit scale analysis and quality benefit type cotton industry in moderate scale development. China Association of agricultural cotton, 2016 annual meeting paper compilation). Large-area production practice proves that the short, dense and early production mode popularized and applied at present is not suitable for the current production conditions and scientific and technological development to a great extent, and needs to be reformed and innovated urgently.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the outstanding problems of poor quality and weak market competitiveness of cotton in the northwest inland cotton area and promote the continuous and healthy development of the cotton industry in the area, the invention aims to provide the method for producing the raw cotton suitable for the wide early-quality cotton in the northwest inland cotton area, the method is easy to implement and simple and convenient to operate, the density of each hectare is reduced from 20 ten thousand plants to 10.5 to 15 ten thousand plants by changing (66+10) cm or other wide and narrow rows into 76cm or 86cm or 96cm wide and equal rows (the row spacing is properly widened along with the increase of soil fertility), and the height of each hectare 90 to 110cm from 60 to 70 cm. Therefore, the occupied area of a single cotton plant is increased, the structure of the group is adjusted, the three-dimensional lighting space of the group is increased, the technology of early-maturing, high-quality variety, precision seeding, water and fertilizer integration, chemical regulation, defoliation and ripening acceleration, mechanical harvesting and the like are matched, the cotton is grown from short, dense and early to warm, the potential excavation to light and mild environmental resources is changed, and the technical support is provided for high quality, high yield and high efficiency of cotton.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical measures:

the technical conception of the invention is as follows: the wide, early and excellent cotton refers to the method for producing high-quality (the fiber length is 33mm, the breaking specific strength is 33cN/tex, the proportion of the micronaire value is more than 90% of the grade A, B) raw cotton (lint cotton for spinning raw materials of a textile mill and the like).

A raw cotton production method suitable for wide early-quality cotton in the northwest inland cotton area comprises the following steps:

A. "fission" type breeding of improved variety: the cotton has good characteristics and relatively stable inheritance, and the good variety is a carrier of the good characteristics.

a. The method selects a variety with high yield, high quality, strong growth potential, quick development process, proper growth period and suitable mechanical mining characteristics, and has the advantages of excellent genetic quality, fiber length of 32-34 mm, breaking specific strength of 33cN/tex and micronaire value of 3.7-4.4. 641 as the middle 641 of the variety (the new high-quality medium-long stapled cotton variety bred by distant hybridization and backcross for 5-7 years by using upland cotton Zhongmian 49 as a female parent and island cotton Xinhai 24 as a male parent, the growth period of which is 123 days, the boll weight is 5.23g, the clothes content is 37.0-39.4%, the seed cotton yield is 320-350 kg/mu, the lint cotton yield is 110.0-125.0 kg/mu, the fiber length is 34.6mm, the breaking ratio strength is 35.4cN/tex and the micronaire value is 4.0) and the subsequent high-quality varieties (similar varieties comprise Xinluzao No. 39, Xinluzao No. 31, Xinluzao No. 28, Xinluzao No. 29, Xinluzao No. 24, Xinluzao No. 16, Xinluzao No. 15, Xinluzao No. 9, etc., as shown in Table 1).

TABLE 1 Sinkiang Medium-length stapled cotton variety

b.10 ten thousand times 'fission' type seed reproduction. From breeding experts (experts specializing in breeding new varieties of cotton, abbreviated asBreeding specialist) Obtaining 1kg of original seed (Original seedRefers to the first batch of seeds of a variety or a parent with stable genetic characters, which are bred by a breeding expert and have the purity of 100 percent. It is a basic seed for breeding and popularizing improved seeds) to a Hainan breeding base for planting 3 mu (667 m)²Per mu), 3900-. 562.5 acres (0.8 kg of seeds per mu) are planted in a seed breeding base in Xinjiang in the next 4 months, 390 plus 410kg of seed cotton per mu are produced, 190 plus 210kg of finished seeds per mu are produced, and 112500kg of finished seeds are produced in total. 1kg of original seeds are cracked into 11.25 ten thousand kg of first generation of original seeds in 1 year, the seeding rate is 0.8-1 kg per mu, 7100 and 7300 seedlings per mu can be planted, and 14 ten thousand mu of cotton can be planted. If 100kg of the original seed of the expert is obtained, 1400 million mu of cotton can be planted in the amount of the seeds produced in 1 year, and a half Xinjiang cotton area is covered, so that the problems of poor genetic quality and inconsistent quality of the cotton are effectively solved.

c. The large and small grains are queued for grain selection. Seeds are carriers of genetic material. The size of the seed volume directly influences the strength and the uniformity of sprouting and seedling emergence, and is the basis for full seedling, uniform seedling and strong seedling. The cotton seeds are divided into three stages, a first stage and a second stage according to the size (weight) of the seeds by adopting a gravity screen selection method (the industry standard of the people's republic of China, NY/T1384-2007 technical specifications of foam acid delinting and coating of the cotton seeds), and are planted in a field in a subarea mode during sowing, so that the cotton seedlings can be regularly emerged, homogenized and strengthened. The third stage does not act as a seed. The specific grading standard is as follows, taking the seed finger (weight of 100 seeds, expressed in g) of the seeds of the variety as an example and 10 g: 9.0 to-12.0 g is the first grade, 8.0 to 8.9g is the second grade, and more than 12.0g and less than 8.0g are the third grade. Therefore, the seed grading seeding is realized, and the seedlings emerge regularly and are uniform.

B. Wide equal-row planting and matching technology: the width equal row spacing is 76, 86 and 96cm, the plant spacing is 7.7-12.5 cm, 7000-9000 plants per mu are obtained, and the plant height is controlled to be 90-110 cm. Compared with the wide and narrow rows of 66cm +10cm, the row spacing of 9.7-11.7 cm, 14000-18000 plants per mu and the plant height of 60-70, the average single plant occupied area is increased by more than 70 percent, the group space is increased by more than 40 percent, the ventilation and light transmission conditions among plants and the space distribution of cotton bolls are improved, the later-stage defoliation and landing are facilitated, and the cotton picking quality of the machine is improved. The matching technology is as follows:

a. variety selection and early sowing technology in proper period (2013 edition of Chinese Cotton cultivation, page 181: the experiments and researches at home and abroad prove that the lowest temperature of cotton seed germination is 10.5-12 ℃ … …. the cotton seeds are sown at and above the temperature, which is beneficial to fully utilizing the heat resources in the early period, especially the insufficient heat in the inland cotton region in the northwest, and is more important): selecting cotton varieties (such as medium 641 cotton varieties) which have strong growth potential, fast growth and development, high quality and high yield and are suitable for mechanical picking; early sowing at proper period when the ground temperature of 5cm below the film reaches more than 12 ℃ continuously for 3 days in the last ten days of 3 months and 4 months, setting up a high-yield frame as early as possible, and fully utilizing the early-stage favorable resources;

b. the lighting technology of the widening side-row film comprises the following steps: the side-row film coating is narrower than the middle row, so that the development of side-row cotton plants is slow, the individual size is small, the yield is influenced, and the difficulty of field management is increased. The mulching width of the mulching film is increased, the lighting width of the mulching film is about 10-20 cm when the cotton is planted, the lighting effect is improved, and the balanced growth and development of cotton seedlings are realized.

c. The technique for covering no soil on the sowing rows and covering no soil on the film comprises the following steps: under the condition of drip irrigation, seedling water is timely dripped after sowing, the mulching film can be attached to the ground to prevent wind from blowing off and uncovering the film, so that the film surface does not press soil or presses less soil, the daylighting area of the mulching film is increased, and the ground temperature is favorably improved. According to investigation, the ground temperature of the cotton row and the film surface is covered with soil, the ground temperature of 5cm below the film is 12 ℃, the ground temperature is about 12.5 ℃ without covering the soil, and the ground temperature can be increased by about 0.5 ℃. In addition, the cotton rows are not covered with soil and the soil on the film is not pressed, so that the recovery of the mulching film is facilitated, and the pollution of the mulching film is prevented; the natural soil falling of the seeder is about 1.4-1.6 cm, no additional covering soil is needed, and the mulching film is tightly adhered to the ground by using the water for seedling emergence, so that the mulching film is windproof and uncovered, the germination and seedling emergence are facilitated, the manual plate breaking and seedling placing can be reduced, and the labor is reduced.

d. And (3) a proper amount of seedling water dripping technology: advocating irrigation and soil moisture storage in winter and spring, sowing in full soil moisture without dropping seedling water or dropping seedling water by 8-12 m³/667m²In the drip irrigation cotton field which is not irrigated by water or is insufficient in soil moisture content, proper amount of seedling emergence water of 18-22 m is dripped³/667m²So as to be beneficial to the emergence of uniform seedlings. The water dropping amount is based on the condition that the infiltration area is connected with the soil moisture without causing surface runoff. In the cotton area with lower underground water level, the infiltration depth of the seedling emergence water should reach 28-32 cm.

e. First water and late dripping technology: the first watering in the bud period is called head water (after the seedling of the soil moisture emerges, mulching the cotton field and no watering in the seedling period). Premature head water easily causes vigorous growth of cotton seedlings, causes imbalance between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, and increases management difficulty. The time of dripping the head water is that the water dripping amount is generally 15-20 m in the middle and the last ten days of 6 months in the cotton field where the seedling emergence water is dripped and in the upper and the middle ten days of 6 months where the seedling emergence water is not dripped³/667m²The infiltration depth is preferably 40-45 cm.

f. The plant height is increased and the topping is delayed properly: the premature topping causes the plant to be short and small, the effective flower buds are reduced, the effective space at the upper part and the periphery can not be fully utilized, and the three-dimensional lighting degree and the light energy utilization rate are directly influenced. The topping is properly delayed within a proper period range (from 6 months bottom to 7 months top), so that the effective time and space of wide equal rows are fully utilized, generally 18-22 days before the end of the flowering effective period, 1-5 days in 7 months in northern Xinjiang cotton area, 5-10 days in 7 months in southern Xinjiang cotton area, 9-11 fruit branches per plant, and the plant height is preferably set to 90-110 cm. The top cutting can be carried out manually, one leaf and one core at the top of the main stem are cut off and taken out of the field. Chemical capping can also be used (chemical capping is the property of using chemicals to inhibit or delay the growth of vegetative organsTo control the plant type of cotton. At present, the production and experiments prove that the use of appropriate amount of mepiquat chloride (DPC) and fluridol can replace manual topping, so that the labor is saved and the efficiency is high. The research of Zhao Qiang and the like in the southern Xinjiang area finds that the planting density of cotton is 18.0 ten thousand plants/hm²Increased to 22.5 ten thousand strains/hm²DPC chemical capping does not affect cotton yield, and even shows densification and yield increase (compared with 18.0 ten thousand plants/hm)²Comparison of artificial topping (Zhao Qiang, etc., expansion effect of chemical topping on cotton population capacity, journal of Cotton: 2011,23(5) 401-. The chemical capping is timely and proper according to the characteristics of the medicament, so that the growth of upper and peripheral branches and leaves is controlled as a principle.

g. The technique for reapplying the flower bell fertilizer comprises the following steps: the boll period is the period of high fertilization efficiency, the total fertilization amount is 60-70%, the boll fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times under the drip irrigation condition, the fertilization amount in the initial flowering period is 40-50%, the boll period is 40-60%, and the boll opening period is grown, if premature senility is met, top fertilizer is applied additionally, so that the later boll forming advantage is exerted. The fertilizer for the flower-bell period is nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is three-material superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.

h. The comprehensive prevention and control technology of diseases, pests and weeds comprises the following steps: the comprehensive control means that in the growing period of the cotton, the cotton is taken as a main body, main insect pests and the like are taken as control objects, various control measures are comprehensively applied, and a comprehensive control method is adopted to reduce the harm of the diseases, the insect pests and the weeds to the minimum level with the minimum control cost. The comprehensive control measures include agricultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control (2013 edition 966 of Chinese Cotton cultivation science). According to the damage rule of cotton field diseases, insect pests and weeds, agricultural control (agricultural control) is adopted: the agricultural technology comprehensive measures are adopted for preventing and controlling diseases, insects and weeds of crops, and the growth environment of the crops is adjusted and improved, so that the resistance of the crops to the diseases, the insects and the weeds is enhanced, and the conditions which are not beneficial to the growth development or propagation of pathogens, the insects and the weeds are created, so that the harm of the diseases, the insects and the weeds is controlled, avoided or reduced. The main measures include selecting disease-resistant and pest-resistant varieties, adjusting variety layout, selecting and reserving healthy seedlings, rotation, deep ploughing and stubble cleaning, winter irrigation and winter irrigation, adjusting seeding period, reasonably applying fertilizer, timely irrigating and draining water, properly pruning and branching, making the fields and gardens sanitary, safe transportation and storage and the like. Biological control (Baidu search for "biological control"), is the process by which one organism is used to combat another. The method can be roughly divided into two categories of insect control by insects and insect control by bacteria. It is a method for reducing the population density of harmful organisms such as weeds and pests. It uses the interrelationship between biological species to inhibit one or other organism from another. Its advantages are no environmental pollution and high effect on preventing and eliminating diseases and pests. There are many methods of biological control. For example, using ladybug aphid and bacillus thuringiensis to prevent and control bollworm, etc. Physical control ("physical control") is a measure for controlling plant diseases and insect pests using a simple tool and various physical factors such as light, heat, electricity, temperature, humidity and radioactivity, sound waves, and the like. Including the most primitive and simple killing or removal by bare hands and the application of recent physical latest achievements in recent times, can be used as an ancient and young prevention and treatment means. Such as seed sunning, seed soaking in hot water, etc. The phototaxis insect killing method is available in ancient times. The frequency vibration type insect killing lamp popularized in recent years kills cotton bollworms and the like. Atomic energy pest control mainly uses radioactive energy to directly kill pests, or uses radioactive energy to irradiate pests to cause sterility, etc. The abamectin is a broad-spectrum insecticide and acaricide, and can be used for controlling cotton red spiders, the effective component of the abamectin is 8.1-16.2 g per hectare, the cotton bollworm is 21.6-32.4 g, and the abamectin can be used for controlling cotton aphids, thrips and lygus bugs; imidacloprid is a nicotine high-efficiency pesticide and is used for preventing and controlling piercing-sucking mouthpart pests such as aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, whiteflies and the like, the dosage of the imidacloprid for preventing and controlling cotton aphids is 15-41 g of active ingredients per hectare, and the imidacloprid is sprayed by adding water 410-900 kg of liquid medicine and can be used for treating thrips and bemisia tabaci; the acetamiprid is a novel broad-spectrum insecticide with a certain acaricidal activity, has strong systemic property, wide insecticidal spectrum and high activity, has fast action speed and long lasting period, and can prevent and control underground pests. The cotton field is mainly used for controlling pests such as cotton aphids, thrips, bemisia tabaci, lygus bugs and the like. The effective component for controlling aphids per hectare is 11.25-13.5 g, the control range of lygus bugs is 20-30 g, and 600-900 kg of water is added for spraying (2013 edition of China Cotton cultivation, 964 pages). By the comprehensive control measures, the diseases, the pests and the weeds are controlled within the limit of economic allowance, and the normal growth and development of the wide equal-row cotton are ensured, so that various environmental resources are fully utilized.

By combining promotion and control, a group structure which improves the ventilation and light transmission conditions and improves the light energy utilization rate under the conditions of wide equal rows is formed, and the conversion from short, dense and early-stage cotton to warm cotton to wide, early-stage and excellent cotton to light, mild environment and space submergence is realized. Particularly, the unification of technology and environment is realized, a new way is discussed for the improvement of the quality of the cotton in the area, the high yield and the high yield, and the innovation of the cultivation technology is realized.

C. Early-hair and early-maturing matching technology

a. Irrigation water and soil moisture storage in winter or early spring, fine tillage and raking, and early development is promoted by good soil conditions and sufficient soil moisture.

b. And (4) performing precision seeding when the ground temperature is 5cm in the last ten days of 3 months and 4 months continuously for 3 days to reach more than 12 ℃, and promoting early germination by using the early seeding precision seeding.

c. The integrated operation of single-seed grading seeding, mulching film mulching and drip irrigation tape laying is adopted for planting and setting without thinning and setting.

d. In the 5-7 leaf stage of cotton seedlings, 0.5-1.0 g of mepiquat chloride is used per mu to promote the conversion from vegetative growth to reproductive growth; spraying 5-7 g of mepiquat chloride (98% of technical product of Jiapai onium produced by Miyamian Xiaokang Biotechnology limited) once 8-10 days after topping, and spraying 6-8 g of mepiquat chloride again after 8-10 days if growth vigor is vigorous, so as to control ineffective buds and shape high-light-effect group structure.

e. And (3) carrying out drip irrigation under a proper amount of film at proper time, integrally supplying water and fertilizer, applying base fertilizer in winter and spring irrigation during water ploughing, and applying additional fertilizer in combination with drip irrigation, wherein 40-50% is applied in the early flowering stage and 50-60% is applied in the boll stage. The top dressing is combined with the dropping water to improve the effect of the water fertilizer. Drip irrigation is generally carried out at intervals of 5-8 days, and the drip irrigation is properly adjusted according to soil moisture and weather. In the late 8 th to the middle 9 th months, the water is stopped according to the growth vigor and the soil moisture content, so as to avoid premature senility and greedy. 1.5-2.25 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare or 1500-2250 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer. The base fertilizer is specifically as follows: the high-quality farmyard manure comprises 1.5-2.25 kg of decomposed and retted crop straw fertilizer, livestock manure, poultry manure, human excrement and urine fertilizer and the like per hectare or 1500-2250 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer.

f, manually topping in the early and middle ten days of 7 months, or chemically capping and mechanically cutting at the beginning of 7 months.

By combining the above technologies, the flowering and boll-forming period of cotton is in the best warm and light season, and multi-knot high-quality bolls and knot big bolls are realized.

D. The quality control matching technology of the high-quality raw cotton comprises the following steps: the early-maturing technology is used for realizing that cotton blossoming and bolling are in the best season of 6-8 months, the wide-row-equal-row matching technology is used for realizing the best distribution of cotton boll space, and the method is a precondition and key for ensuring high quality and high yield of cotton. The following matching technology is also adopted to improve the quality of the raw cotton:

a. the anti-pollution technology of taking off the mulching film at the right time: before the water is poured for 15-25 days in 6 months, the film is mechanically uncovered between rows, the recovery rate reaches more than 98 percent, the residual film is leaked and collected for manual check, and the cotton and soil are prevented from being polluted by the residual film.

b. A proper amount of defoliation ripener spraying technology in a proper period: 40-60% of boll opening in last ten days of 9 months, spraying a defoliation ripener when the highest temperature is more than 20 ℃ in one week, and uniformly spraying 300-600 g of thidiazuron (defoliating urea) 50% wettable powder and 1500-2250 ml of 40% ethylene hydragogue in water per hectare. In the cotton field with more cotton bolls on the upper part, a method of slightly spraying to promote physiological change at proper time and spraying again at an interval of about 6-8 d can be adopted.

c. The field weed and foreign matter removing technology comprises the following steps: and (4) combining residual film recovery, clearing weeds and foreign matters in the field, checking and clearing before harvesting, and ensuring the cotton harvesting quality of the machine.

d. The optimum period harvesting technology comprises the following steps: after 20 days of defoliation and ripening, from the end of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, and when the defoliation rate is more than 90% and the boll opening rate is more than 95%, mechanical harvesting is carried out in time.

e. The whole process is mechanical operation, manual operation is reduced, strict operation rules and dressing are achieved, artificial pollution sources are controlled, and production quality is guaranteed.

f. On the premise that the wide equal lines are beneficial to falling of the leaves and the strict defoliation and ripening technology, the cleaning times of seed cotton and ginned cotton are reduced from 3-4 times to 1-2 times, the damage of mechanical processing to fibers is strictly controlled, the processing quality is improved, and the quality of raw cotton is ensured.

Through the above technical measures, the most important is that: 1. in the seeding link, the wide and narrow rows are changed, and the like, so that the basic conditions for fully excavating light and mild environmental resources are established for high quality and high yield; seeds which are provided by 'cracking type' seed reproduction and have excellent internal quality and fine selection are selected, so that internal conditions are provided for high quality and high yield; the sowing density is changed from 14000-18000 plants per mu of wide and narrow rows to 7000-10000 plants per mu of wide and equal rows, and favorable conditions are created for improving the environmental conditions of the groups, coordinating the contradiction between the groups and fully playing the dual functions of the groups.

2. Heightening the plant height. On the basis of '1', the height of the wide equal-row plants is increased to 90-110cm, the height of the wide narrow-row plants is increased to 70cm, the lighting space per unit area is increased, conditions are created for improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the population and improving the photosynthetic efficiency, and a substance guarantee is provided for high quality and high yield.

3. Under the premise of the simple and easy technical measures of '1' and '2' (wide equal rows, high-quality variety, density reduction and plant height increase), irrigation, fertilization, chemical regulation, plant protection, defoliation and ripening acceleration are matched to be tightly combined to form a technical whole body with mutual coordination, mutual promotion and early ripening, so that the high quality and the high yield of 'wide early excellent' raw cotton are realized.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

1. the wide and narrow row spacing is changed, the wide and narrow row spacing is released, the potential of high-quality and high-yield varieties is favorably exerted, the advantages of the high-quality and high-yield varieties are that the high-quality and high-yield varieties are superior, but the loose environmental conditions of shorter row and early row are required, the wide and narrow row spacing of 66+10cmg is changed into the wide and narrow row planting of 76cm, the advantages of the wide and equal row spacing are that ○ 1 avoids the penetration between roots and branches and leaves at the lower part in the narrow row of the wide and narrow row, the contradiction of nutrient competition and illumination competition is avoided, the stereoscopic lighting degree is increased by 2 ○ wide and equal row, the lighting period of the wide and equal row is 6.29% from the cotton bud at the lower ten days of 5 months to the ten days at the 7 months, the lighting state that the branches and leaves are not penetrated, the area of the wide and narrow row is increased by more than 15%, the overall lighting rate of the wide and narrow row spacing of 76cm is measured by a field test in the lighting period of 2017 years, the row spacing of 6.29%, the boll period is 3.64%, the flower period of 66+10cm, the wide and the row spacing is increased, the yield increasing level is obviously, and the difference is increased by more than 20%, and the yield of 20%, and the wide row spacing is increased.

2. The wide equal rows reduce the planting density, which is beneficial to exerting the individual advantages. In the experiment research at home and abroad, the cotton planting density is reduced along with the increase of soil fertility and the improvement of conditions. In northwest inland cotton areas represented by Xinjiang, the average yield per mu of ginned cotton reaches 132.7kg in 2016, and the phenomena of deterioration of middle and lower light conditions, great drop of bud bolls and reduction of the number of single bolls appear in high-yield fields under high density, which is the result that the individual development is seriously influenced. The cotton density in the northwest inland cotton area should be reduced appropriately at current yield levels. The patent of the invention discloses that the width of 76cm is 7000-9000 strains per mu, and the occupied area of a single strain is 0.083m²Compared with the existing (66+10) cm wide and narrow rows 14000-18000 plants and single plant occupying 0.0416m²The improvement is 1 time, and the intercrossing of branches and leaves in narrow rows of wide rows and narrow rows is serious, which affects the flower blossoming and bolling. The wide rows have obvious advantages in exerting individual yield increasing effect, as shown in fig. 2.

3. Under the condition of 150kg yield of the ginned cotton per mu, the leaf area index (which is the multiple of the total area of the plant leaves in the unit land area in the land area) in the full boll period is 3.9-4.1, under the condition that the leaf area coefficient is the same, the wide equal rows have no narrow rows and the density is reduced to create a good space for individual development, and a condition for increasing the plant height is provided, wherein the advantages of the wide equal rows are that ○ 1 increases the leaf area capacity, the plant height of the wide equal rows is increased to 90-110cm, and the lighting space of the 1 square meter land is 0.9-1.1 m³Plant height 70cm and lighting space 0.7m³The increase of 28.6 to 57.1 percent, thereby accommodating larger leaf area coefficient and increasing a factory for manufacturing organic nutritionThe physiological and theoretical basis of ' wide early excellent ' high quality and high yield ' is shown in figure 3.2 2 ○, the shading degree of a unit space in a group is reduced, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, in the case of a leaf area coefficient of 3.9-4.1, 1 space layer is taken as each 10cm, the plant height of wide equal lines is 110cm, the average leaf area of each space layer is 0.35-0.37, the plant height is 70cm higher than that of wide and narrow lines, each space layer is 0.56-0.59, the evacuation degree is improved by 37.3%, in other words, the wide and narrow lines are in the unit space of the group, the mutual shading and wind shielding degree between branches and leaves is reduced by 37.3%, good ventilation and light transmission conditions are formed, test investigation shows that the full boll period when the light interception rate of the bottom layer of the group is the maximum, the light transmission rate of the wide and narrow lines is improved by 40-47.7%, the boll period of the six-year test in 2017, and the light radiation value of 39.20 mu mol s at the equal line spacing of^-1.m^-2Lower layer 41.14. mu. mol.s^-1.m^-2Upper layer 28.05 μmol. s wider than (66+10) cm narrow row^-1.m^-2Lower 25.08. mu. mol.s^-1.m^-2The light intensity is improved by the wide equal rows, the wide rows and the narrow rows, which is the guarantee of 'material' for realizing high quality and high yield. As shown in fig. 4.

4. Is convenient for mechanized operation. As shown in figure 1, the equal-width rows are obviously beneficial to mechanized operation than the narrow-width rows, and basic conditions are created for labor saving and high efficiency.

5. Is convenient for defoliation and ripening in the later period and improves the mechanical picking quality. The wide equal rows avoid excessive penetration and shielding of branches and leaves between the narrow rows of the wide equal rows, so that the leaves sprayed with the defoliating ripener on the cotton at the later stage can fall to the ground conveniently, the mechanical picking impurities are reduced, and the mechanical picking quality is improved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the root distribution and lighting surface contrast of wide and narrow rows and wide and equal rows.

FIG. 2 is a comparison of the area of a single plant with a wide row of reduced density and the distribution of branches and leaves.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a comparison of wide equal row and wide and narrow row lighting spaces.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a comparison of the distribution of the leaf area in the population space between the wide and the equal rows and the wide and the narrow rows.

FIG. 1 illustrates: the wide and narrow rows a have root system interpenetration phenomenon among the narrow rows, and the wide and equal rows b have no root system interpenetration phenomenon; compared with the light receiving area at the top of the group, the wide and narrow rows a tend to plane lighting, and the wide and equal rows tend to stereo lighting, that is, the stereo lighting degree of the wide and equal rows is higher than that of the wide and narrow rows.

FIG. 2 illustrates: the land occupation of the wide equal row b single plant is 0.083m²Wider and narrow row a single plant occupation of 0.0416m²The improvement is 1 time, and the intercrossing of branches and leaves in narrow rows of wide rows and narrow rows is serious, which affects the flower blossoming and bolling. After the cotton buds appear, the cotton blooms and appears a fluctuant stereoscopic lighting surface between the rows b with the width equal rows, and branches and leaves between the rows a with the width equal rows, especially between the rows with the width equal rows, seriously interpenetrate to present plane lighting, thus influencing the photosynthetic efficiency. FIG. 3 illustrates: the leaf area capacity is increased by enlarging the plant height in the wide equal row b and the wider and narrower row a. The height of the wide equal row plants is increased to 90-110cm, the lighting space of the wide equal row plants on the land of 1 square meter is 0.9-1.1 cubic, and is increased by 28.6-57.1 percent compared with the height of the wide and narrow row plants of 70cm and the lighting space of 0.7 cubic, so that the wide equal row plants can hold larger leaf area coefficient, and the factory for manufacturing organic nutrition is increased, which is the physiological and theoretical basis of high quality and high yield of the wide early excellent plants.

FIG. 4 illustrates: the wide equal rows b and the wide narrow rows a reduce the shading degree of the unit space in the colony, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions and improve the photosynthetic efficiency. In the figure, the leaf area coefficient is 3.9-4.1, the height of each 10cm is 1 space layer, the height of b plants in the wide and equal rows is 110cm, the average leaf area of each space layer is 0.35-0.37, the height of each plant in the wide and narrow rows is 70cm, each space layer is 0.56-0.59, and the evacuation degree is improved by 37.3%. In other words, the light shielding degree between branches and leaves is reduced by 37.3% in the unit space of the group, and the good ventilation and light transmission conditions are formed. According to experimental investigation, in the full-bell period when the light interception rate of the bottom layer of the population is the maximum, the light transmittance of the wide equal row b, the wide row a and the narrow row a is improved by 40-47.7%, the photosynthetic efficiency of the wide equal row b is improved, and the method is a substance guarantee for realizing high quality and high yield of the wide equal row b.

Detailed Description

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1,2, 3 and 4, a method for producing cotton suitable for northwest inland cotton area wide early-excellence comprises the following steps:

1. seed preparation: according to the 'fission' type seed reproduction method, high-quality cotton varieties, such as medium-long velvet high-quality new varieties 641 and the like, are reproduced. The new high-quality medium-long stapled cotton variety is bred by distant hybridization and 5-7 years of backcross by taking upland cotton-medium cotton seed 49 as a female parent and sea-island cotton new sea 24 and the like as a male parent, and has the growth period of 123 days, the boll weight of 5.23g, the clothes content of 37.0-39.4%, the seed cotton yield of 320-350 kg/mu, the lint cotton yield of 110.0-125.0 kg/mu, the fiber length of 34.6mm, the breaking specific strength of 35.4cN/tex and the micronaire value of 4.0. The seeds produced in the seed reproduction base are carefully selected through a gravity screen and the like, the seeds are classified, the seeds are not planted in the third stage, the seeds in the first stage and the second stage are coated and then are planted in the production field in a subarea mode, and therefore the purposes of orderly seedling emergence, seedling homogenization and seedling strengthening are achieved.

2. Preparing a cotton field: the straws and weeds are cleaned in time after the previous crops are harvested, and the residual mulching film is cleaned by covering a mulching film. Ploughing: ploughing 28-32 cm before winter to reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests and improve soil fertility. The base fertilizer can be applied in the cotton field in combination with ploughing. When the saline-alkali land needs to be watered, washed with salt and pressed with alkali, no base fertilizer is applied, and when the saline-alkali land needs to be ploughed, the base fertilizer is applied. And (3) irrigation: irrigating in winter or in early spring, wherein the irrigation amount per mu is 80-100 m³Storing enough bottom soil moisture; base fertilizers (farmyard manure, cake fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.): the method is characterized in that the base fertilizer is applied by ploughing in winter and spring, wherein generally 1000-1500 kg of high-quality farmyard manure is applied per mu, or 100-150 kg of cake fertilizer, 3.2-4 kg of nitrogen (N) and 2.4-3 kg of phosphorus (P2O5) are applied. The soil moisture is preserved by rotary tillage and raking in early spring, and the soil before sowing reaches the standards of 'flat (land leveling), neat (soil edge tidy), loose (surface soil loosening), broken (soil destruction, bumpiness), soil moisture (soil moisture), clean (soil is clean and has no weed, straw, residual film and other sundries)'.

3. Sowing: sowing can be carried out when the ground temperature of 5cm below the film continuously passes through 12 ℃ for 3 days, and the normal year is preferably 4 months, 5 days to 4 months, 20 days. The method adopts a film laying, pipe laying (drip irrigation pipe belt), precision hole sowing and film pressing integrated machine (BMSJ-12 combined precision seeder) to sow, the thickness of the used film is 0.01mm, the width of the film is 2.05 meters, three lines of the film are arranged, the line spacing is 76cm, 86cm and 96cm, and 1 drip irrigation belt is arranged in each line.

Generally, the row spacing of the cotton field is 76cm, the number of plants is 0.9-1 ten thousand per mu, the width of the high-yield cotton field is 86cm or 96cm, the number of lines is 0.8-0.9 ten thousand per mu. And (4) grading and precision seeding, namely one hole per grain. The sowing depth is 1.5cm, and the thickness of the covering soil for the seed rows is 1-1.5 cm.

Film covering and seeding quality. Spreading a film, flattening and clinging to the ground, pressing the film tightly, covering soil properly, and lighting the area of 60-95%; the water dropping pipe is used for each row of cotton, and the position is accurate; the laying film and the film are laid and the laying pipe belt is not dislocated or shifted; the sowing ends are straight, the depth is consistent, the soil covering is uniform, the row receiving is accurate, and the sowing is not leakage and heavy; the sowing amount is accurate, the hole rate is less than 2%, the single-seed rate is 95-100%, the dislocation rate of seeds and film holes is less than 3%, and the emergence rate is 90-98%. And (4) after sowing, timely checking the germination and seedling emergence conditions in the field, and finding out the timely shortage of missed sowing and seedling shortage.

4. And (3) irrigation: dripping water for 12-16 times in the whole growth period of the cotton field by drip irrigation, dripping once every 5-8 days, and ensuring that the average irrigation amount of each time is 13-15 m³The water consumption of the first water of the cotton field for dripping the first water at night can be increased to 15-20 m per mu³(ii) a The water dropping frequency of the sandy land is 2-3 times more than that of other cotton fields, the water dropping time is 5-6-15 days in 6 months, and the water dropping time of the cotton field with early drought or weak growth of the cotton field can be advanced to the late ten days in 5 months or the early beginning in 6 months; the water cut-off time is determined by combining the water and fertilizer retention condition of soil, the temperature condition in autumn and the growth vigor of cotton plants, and the water cut-off time can be delayed to last ten days of 9 months in sandy cotton fields or dry cotton fields at the bottom of 8 months generally from 8 months to 9 months. Irrigation needs to be flexibly mastered according to factors such as soil fertility, variety characteristics, climate and the like. After the cotton field is irrigated, soil is easy to harden, intertillage and hilling are carried out in time, the intertillage depth is 10-15 cm, the air permeability of the soil is enhanced, the rhizosphere environment is improved, and the root activity is improved, wherein the intertillage depth is generally 2 times.

5. Topdressing: applying additional fertilizer in the first flowering period and the full-bloom period in a drip irrigation mode, wherein 4-6 kg of nitrogen (N) and 4-6 kg of phosphorus (P) are applied in the first flowering period₂O₅)2～2.4kg，

Potassium (K)₂O) 4-5 kg; applying 8-10 kg of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in full-bloom stage₂O₅)4.4～5.6kg，

Potassium (K)₂O)8～9kg。

6. Chemical control: spraying 0.5-1 g of mepiquat chloride (98% mepiquat chloride original drug) per mu of 5-7 leaves before budding to cotton plants, and adjusting nutrient distribution; spraying 5-7 g of mepiquat chloride to the upper branches and leaves per mu 8-10 days after topping, and supplementing spraying once if the growth vigor is still high in the later period.

7. Topping: and (3) properly postponing the topping period in a proper period range, and topping 20 days before the local effective flowering termination period, generally 1 day to 5 days in 7 months, 9 to 11 fruit branches of a single plant when the plant height is 90cm to 110 cm. And (4) manually topping one leaf and one core of the main stem tip, taking the main stem tip out of the field, and determining the pesticide application quantity and specific time by chemical capping according to the characteristics of the pesticide and the capping effect.

8. Controlling diseases, pests and weeds: controlling the harm of cotton blight and verticillium wilt, and adopting a comprehensive control technology combining the selection of disease-resistant varieties, the improvement of soil ecological environment and the induction of cotton plant disease resistance.

And (3) cotton aphid control: thiamethoxam is selected for seed dressing, and 20% acetamiprid wettable powder is sprayed in the spotter emergence period.

And (3) controlling cotton spider mites: 73 percent of propargite missible oil, 20 percent of pyridaben wettable powder, 15 percent of pyridaben missible oil, 10 percent of liuyangmycin missible oil and 1.8 percent of abamectin missible oil are selected for timely prevention and treatment when spot-taking happens.

Prevention and treatment of cotton thrips: 35 percent of carbofuran seed coating agent and 60 percent of imidacloprid seed treatment suspending agent or seed dressing with 40 percent of acephate. The pesticide is prepared from 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate, 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, 40% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 48% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate or 10% imidacloprid emulsifiable concentrate.

Cotton bollworm and lygus pratensis control: the method of killing adult insects by using a sex attractant and a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp is adopted.

And (3) controlling weeds: weeds in the field and beside the ridge road are removed, and propagation and diffusion are controlled; high-temperature composting to control the survival of weed seeds; combining field intertillage and ridging, ditching and fertilizing to kill weeds; the herbicide without pollution and residue is selected to kill weeds.

9. Defoliation ripening and harvesting: in the last ten days of 9 months, cotton plants are bolled by 40-60%, and a defoliation ripener is sprayed when the highest temperature is more than 20 ℃ in one week (300-600 g of thidiazuron 50% wettable powder and 1500-2250 ml of 40% ethylene hydragogue are uniformly sprayed in each hectare after being mixed with water). And (4) recovering the mulching film before dripping water in the middle ten days of the last 6 months, cleaning weeds and foreign matters in the field, checking and cleaning again before harvesting, and ensuring the cotton picking quality of the machine. After 20 days of defoliation and ripening, from the end of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months, and when the defoliation rate is more than 90% and the boll opening rate is more than 95%, mechanical harvesting is carried out in time.

By the technical measures, the problems of changing the wide and narrow rows in the seeding link and the like are solved, and the basic conditions for fully excavating light and mild environmental resources are established for high quality and high yield; seeds which are provided by 'cracking type' seed reproduction and have excellent internal quality and fine selection are selected, so that internal conditions are provided for high quality and high yield; the seeding density is adjusted from 14000-18000 plants per mu of wide and narrow rows to 7000-10000 plants per mu of wide and equal rows, so that favorable conditions are created for improving the environmental conditions of the groups, coordinating the contradiction between the groups and the individuals and fully playing the dual functions of the individuals and the groups; on the basis of increasing the plant height, changing the wide and narrow row width in the seeding link, the plant height of the wide and equal row is increased to 90-110cm, the plant height of the wide and narrow row is increased to 60-70 cm, the lighting space per unit area is increased, conditions are created for improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the population and improving the photosynthetic efficiency, and the substance guarantee is provided for high quality and high yield; on the premise of changing the wide and narrow behaviors in the sowing link and the like and increasing the plant height simply and conveniently, the technical measures (wide and equal rows, high-quality variety, density reduction and plant height increase) are combined closely by matching with irrigation, fertilization, chemical regulation, plant protection, defoliation and ripening acceleration and the like to form a technical whole body with mutual coordination, mutual promotion and early ripening, thereby realizing the high quality and high yield of the 'wide early excellent' raw cotton. Good technical effect is obtained, please see the demonstration situation of Xinjiang broad early-quality raw cotton production in 2017: in 2017, a Bingqun agriculture and pharmacologist is built in Xinjiang to plant 2 ten thousand mu in a 'wide early excellent' mode, production and management are carried out according to a 'wide early excellent' method, lines with widths of 641 cm and 76cm in the variety are planted in an equal row, water and fertilizer integrated management is carried out by drip irrigation, seeding is carried out for 4 months and 15-20 days, the growth period is about 123 days, and the population structure indexes are as follows: the number of harvested plants is 8000-9000 plants per mu, the plant height is 90-110cm, 10-12 fruit branches per plant are present, the number of plants per plant is 13.0-15.0, and the number of bolls per mu is 7.5-8.5 ten thousand; the weight of the bell is 5.08g, and the clothes score is 40.6%; 439.4kg of seed cotton and 178.4kg of ginned cotton are produced per mu. The fiber length is 33.4mm, the breaking ratio strength is 33.6cN/tex and the micronaire value is 4.5, which are measured by the cotton quality supervision test center of Ministry of agriculture, thus realizing the index of high-quality raw cotton.

Claims (1)

1. A raw cotton production method suitable for wide early-quality cotton in the northwest inland cotton area comprises the following steps:

A. fission type fine breeding:

a. selecting a variety which is high in yield, high in quality, strong in growth potential, quick in development process, proper in growth period and suitable for mechanical picking, wherein the fiber length is 32-34 mm, the breaking ratio strength is 33cN/tex, the micronaire value is in the range of 3.7-4.4, and the variety is medium 641;

b, 10 ten thousand times fission type seed reproduction, wherein 1kg of original seeds are obtained from a breeding expert in the current 10 months and planted in a Hainan propagation base, 3900 plus plants are reserved for the seeds per mu, the seeds are planted in a Xinjiang propagation base in the next 4 months, 1kg of original seeds are cracked into one generation of the original seeds in 1 anniversary, the seeding amount per mu is 0.8kg, and 7100 plus plants are reserved for the seedlings per mu;

c. the large and small cotton seeds are lined up for seed selection, the seeds are carriers of genetic materials, a gravity screening selection method is adopted, the seeds are lined up into three stages, the first stage and the second stage are used as seeds according to the sizes of the seeds, the seeds are planted in a field in a subarea mode during sowing, the cotton seedlings are enabled to emerge regularly, uniform and strong, and the grading standard is as follows: 9.0-12.0 g is the first grade, 8.0-8.9 g is the second grade, more than 12.0g and less than 8.0g are the third grade, realize the seed and sow in grades, emerge in order, homogenize the seedling;

B. wide equal-row planting and matching technology: the wide equal line spacing is: 76. 86cm and 96cm, the row spacing is 7.7-12.5 cm, 7000-9000 plants per mu are adopted, the plant height is adjusted to 90-110cm, and compared with the short, dense and early 66cm +10cm wide and narrow rows, the row spacing is 9.7-11.7 cm, 14000-18000 plants per mu and the plant height is 60-70 cm and the following, the average single plant floor area is increased by 70%, the population space is increased by 40%, the ventilation and light transmission conditions among the plants and the space distribution of cotton bolls are improved, the later-stage defoliation and landing are facilitated, the cotton picking quality is improved, and the matching technology is as follows:

a. variety selection and early sowing at proper time: selecting cotton varieties which have strong growth potential, fast growth and development, high quality and high yield and are suitable for mechanical picking: the cotton variety is medium 641; early sowing at proper period when the ground temperature of 5cm below the film reaches more than 12 ℃ continuously for 3 days in the last ten days of 3 months and 4 months, setting up a high-yield frame as early as possible, and utilizing resources in the early period;

b. the lighting technology of the widening side-row film comprises the following steps: the side-row mulching film is narrower than the middle row, the mulching width of the mulching film is increased, and the lighting width of the outer mulching film in the side-row mulching is 10-20 cm;

c. the technique for covering no soil on the sowing rows and covering no soil on the film comprises the following steps: under the condition of drip irrigation, immediately dripping seedling water after sowing, pasting the mulching film on the ground, preventing wind from uncovering the film, keeping the film surface from pressing soil or less, keeping the cotton rows from covering soil and keeping the film from pressing soil, naturally falling the soil for 1.4-1.6 cm, not additionally covering soil, and tightly pasting the mulching film on the ground to prevent wind from uncovering the film by using the seedling water;

d. and (3) a proper amount of seedling water dripping technology: advocating irrigation and soil moisture storage in winter and spring, sowing in full soil moisture without dropping seedling water or dropping seedling water by 8-12 m³/667m²In the drip irrigation cotton field which is not irrigated by water or is insufficient in soil moisture content, proper amount of seedling emergence water of 18-22 m is dripped³/667m²The water dropping amount is connected with the bottom soil moisture by an infiltration area, and the infiltration depth of the seedling emergence water reaches 28-32 cm in a cotton area with a lower underground water level;

e. first water and late dripping technology: watering for the first time in the bud period is called head water, the time of head water dripping is the cotton field in which seedling emergence water is dripped in the middle and the last ten days of 6 months, the water dripping amount is 15-20 m in the upper and middle ten days of 6 months without seedling emergence water³/667m²The infiltration depth reaches 40-45 cm;

f. the plant height is enlarged and the topping technology is adopted in the suitable period: the early topping causes the plant to be short and small, the effective flower buds are reduced, the effective space of the upper part and the periphery can not be fully utilized, and in the optimum period range: in the last ten days of 6 months to 7 months, before the end of the flowering validity period, 18-22 days are spent, the plant height is raised to 90-110cm in the northern Xinjiang cotton area for 1-5 days, the southern Xinjiang cotton area for 5-10 days, and 9-11 individual fruit branches, and the top is manually topped, one leaf and one heart at the top of the main stem are removed and taken out of the field;

g. the technique for reapplying the flower bell fertilizer comprises the following steps: the flower bell period is the fertilizing high-efficiency period, the fertilizing amount of the flower bell fertilizer is 60-70% of the total fertilizing amount, the flower bell fertilizer is applied for 2-3 times under the drip irrigation condition, the fertilizing amount of the flower bell fertilizer in the initial flowering period is 40-50%, and the flower bell period is 50-60%; the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is three-material superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate or potassium chloride;

h. the comprehensive prevention and control technology of diseases, pests and weeds comprises the following steps: according to the harm rule of cotton field diseases, insect pests and weeds, agricultural control is adopted: selecting disease-resistant and insect-resistant varieties, adjusting variety layout, selecting and reserving healthy seedlings, performing crop rotation, deep ploughing and stubble cleaning, irrigating in winter and spring, adjusting seeding time, reasonably applying fertilizer, irrigating and draining water in time, and making the fields and gardens sanitary and safe for transportation and storage; biological control, divide into and control the worm with the worm and control the worm with the fungus, it is a method to reduce weed and harmful biological population density of pest, it utilizes the interrelation among the biological species, inhibit another kind or another kind of organism with one kind or a kind of organism, control the red spider of cotton, use 8.1-16.2 g of active ingredient per hectare, control the cotton bollworm 21.6-32.4 g, control cotton aphid, thrips and black bug at the same time; the dosage of the pesticide for preventing and controlling cotton aphids is 15-41 g of active ingredients per hectare, and the pesticide is sprayed by adding 410-900 kg of water, so that thrips and bemisia tabaci can be treated; the cotton field is used for preventing and treating cotton aphids, thrips, bemisia tabaci and stinkbug pests, the effective component for preventing and treating the aphids per hectare is 11.25-13.5 g, the stinkbug is 20-30 g, and 600-900 kg of water is added for spraying;

C. early-hair and early-maturing matched technology:

a. irrigating water and storing soil moisture in winter or early spring, finely ploughing and raking, and promoting early development according to soil conditions and sufficient soil moisture;

b. sowing in precise quantity when the temperature of the soil is 5cm in the first ten days of 4 months at the bottom of 3 months and reaches more than 12 ℃ continuously for 3 days, and promoting early germination by early sowing and precise sowing;

c. the integrated operation of single-seed grading seeding, mulching film mulching and drip irrigation tape laying is adopted for planting and setting, and thinning and setting are not needed;

d. in the 5-7 leaf period of cotton seedlings, 0.5-1.0 g of mepiquat chloride is used per mu, 5-7 g of mepiquat chloride is used for spraying once after 8-10 days of topping, and 6-8 g of mepiquat chloride is used for spraying after 8-10 days;

e. timely and proper amount of water and fertilizer integration of drip irrigation under the film: except for applying base fertilizer during water irrigation and ploughing in winter and spring, applying additional fertilizer in combination with drip irrigation, wherein 40-50% of the additional fertilizer is applied in the early flowering period and 50-60% of the additional fertilizer is applied in the bell period, the additional fertilizer is combined with dripping water, the drip irrigation interval is 5-8 d, and the water is stopped according to the growth and the soil moisture in the late 8-9 months and the middle 9 months, so that premature senility and no green greediness are avoided, and 1.5-2.25 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer per hectare or 1500-2250 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer is obtained;

f. manually topping in the first and middle ten days of 7 months, or chemically capping and mechanically cutting at the beginning of 7 months;

D. the quality control matching technology of the high-quality raw cotton comprises the following steps: the early-maturing cotton realizes that cotton blossoming and bolling are in a warm and light season for 6-8 months, the cotton boll space distribution is realized by a wide equal-row matching technology, and the following matching technology is adopted for improving the quality of raw cotton:

a. the anti-pollution technology of taking off the mulching film at the right time: before pouring water for 15-25 days after 6 months, mechanically or manually stripping the film between lines;

b. a proper amount of defoliation ripener spraying technology in a proper period: in the last ten days of 9 months, 40-60% of boll is opened, a defoliation ripener is sprayed when the temperature is more than 20 ℃ in one week, 300-600 g of thidiazuron 50% wettable powder and 1500-2250 ml of 40% ethylene hydragogue are uniformly sprayed with water every hectare, and the mixture is re-sprayed once at intervals of 6-8 days;

c. the field weed and foreign matter removing technology comprises the following steps: combining with residual film recovery, cleaning weeds and foreign matters in the field, and checking and cleaning before harvesting;

d. the optimum period harvesting technology comprises the following steps: after 20 days of defoliation and ripening, mechanically harvesting when the boll opening rate is more than 95% from the bottom of 9 months to the beginning of 10 months;

e. performing whole-course mechanical operation;

f. the wide row is beneficial to falling of the blades, the cleaning times of seed cotton and ginned cotton are reduced, the damage of mechanical processing to fibers is strictly controlled, the processing quality is improved, and the quality of raw cotton is ensured.

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