CN101278627A - Cultivation method for improving yield of wheat - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving yield of wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN101278627A CN101278627A CNA200810016185XA CN200810016185A CN101278627A CN 101278627 A CN101278627 A CN 101278627A CN A200810016185X A CNA200810016185X A CN A200810016185XA CN 200810016185 A CN200810016185 A CN 200810016185A CN 101278627 A CN101278627 A CN 101278627A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield culture technique of wheat, including land preparation, seeding, fertilizer application, watering and disease and insect control; the high-yield culture technique is characterized in that: the pattern of double sowing in one ridge with equal row distance and band seeding with broad width is adopted for sowing, and a wheat seeder with broad width is used for sowing. The high-yield culture technique has the advantages that: as the land occupying space of a single plant of wheat is enlarged, the leaves of wheat are not crowed, thus chemical weed killing effect can be greatly improved; the enlargement of the growing area of a single plant is beneficial to a robust individual and good lodging resistant effect; on the basis of fine-seeding, tillering is increased, the development of colony is reasonable, grains are not crowded, the growth state of competing for fertilizer, water and nutrition does not exist among individuals, the wheat has robust growth and strong adverse resistance, the high-yield culture technique is beneficial to large spike cultivars to form more spikes, and multi spike cultivars to form large spikes, thus facilitating larger spikes and more grains and obviously improving yield. The enlargement of the nutrition adsorption area of an individual plant is good for the development of the root system and the enhancement of vitality, and the late green functional period of wheat is prolonged, which can relatively delay the aging time of wheat and is beneficial to increasing wheat grain weight.
Description
(1) technical field
The present invention relates to the grain cultivation method, particularly a kind of cultivation method of improving yield of wheat.
(2) background technology
From the seventies in last century, China's wheat yield is in the low yield level, and machinery is backward relatively, and big fertilizer, big flood, the amount of the broadcasting raising that usually causes the wheat later stage to lodge to yield of wheat brings bigger influence greatly.The development of expensive, low income mode of production restriction Wheat Production, root system early ageing, wheat later stage trophic disturbance is difficult to realize high yield.Since the heavy kind of peasant, light cultivation, heavy rich water, the traditional concept of light machinery is deep-rooted, the little capable dense planting of wheat, and planting patternss such as the capable dense planting of width are of a great variety, how hash wheat cultivation machinery kind especially is, and formation is many with planting, and it is poor to emerge, it is prosperous to grow, and individual particularly thorny with colony, field illumination is poor, fringe is little, and grain is few, the production status that thousand kernel weight is low, seriously restrict the raising of Wheat Production and per unit area yield, restricted the development and the raising of Wheat Production level.Traditional type wheatland management rich water is used unreasonable, and use general early spring, promoted the growth of ineffective tillering, makes that the field is strongly fragrant covers, and utility rate of luminous energy is low, and output is not high.
The traditional type wheat cultivation is little row or the dense planting line formula drilling (sowing in a narrow margin of little behavior 3cm left and right sides width) of size row, be a line growth conditions after seed buries and emerges, have the pimple seedling to some extent and the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, plant is crowded, strive fertilizer, strive water, strive nutrition, causing tillers lacks, root system is poor, a little less than the individual growth, disease-resistant, lodging resistance is poor, anti-adversity ability is poor, and ineffective tillering is many, polarization is slow, usually causes that the field is strongly fragrant covers, and utility rate of luminous energy is lower, become the fringe deficiency, tassel granule is few, and thousand kernel weight is low, influences the raising of wheat yield greatly.
(3) summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of cultivation method that can significantly improve the improving yield of wheat of wheat yield in order to remedy the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention comprises whole ground, sows, applies fertilizer, waters, diseases and pests controlling, it is characterized in that: take during sowing to wait that line-spacing one ridge is two broadcasts the wide cut strip sowing, adopt wheat wide cut sower to sow.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention, during sowing, sown scope 7-8 centimetre, line-spacing is 24-27 centimetre, the mu amount of broadcasting is the 5-8 kilogram.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention, selected breeding during sowing, every mu of 7-8 kilogram of large-spike cultivar seeding quantity, every mu of 5-6 kilogram of multi-spike-type kind seeding quantity.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention is carried out seed coating technology during sowing.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention, during sowing, the winter habit wheat breed is 18 ℃ of daily mean temperatures---sowing in the time of 16 ℃, the semiwinterness wheat breed is 16 ℃ of daily mean temperatures---sowing in the time of 14 ℃.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention, during whole ground, every mu of organic fertilizer 3000-4000 kilogram contains the nitrogenous fertilizer of effective ingredient 7-8 kilogram, contains the phosphate fertilizer of effective ingredient 8-10 kilogram, the potash fertilizer that contains effective ingredient 7.5-9 kilogram, enrich little fertile 1 kilogram, carry out straw-returning, carry out deep ploughing to break tillage pan, the control soil insect guarantees fertilizer spraying.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention adopts wheat to weed root-cutting machine deeply and weeds deeply and be completely cured.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention waters based on soil moisture water, winter water, jointing water, grouting water.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention is carried out rational application of fertilizers during fertilising, the heavy dressing jointing fertilizer of standing up is carried out moving technology behind the nitrogenous fertilizer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, and the wheat later stage is carried out little fertilizer of foliage-spray or growth regulator.
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention, diseases and pests controlling, from wheat during jointing stage, preventing and treating with banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust and aphid is the sick worm harm of representative.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) seed evenly distributes, and under the amount of the broadcasting condition, each individual plant floor space obviously enlarges on an equal basis;
(2) the wheat individual plant takes up an area of space enlargement, and wheat leaf blade is not crowded, can improve the chemical weed control effect greatly;
(3) the individual plant standing area enlarges, and is beneficial to individual stalwartness, and is anti-effective, is beneficial to well developed root system, and vigor strengthens, and the green functional phase in wheat later stage prolongs, and delayed the old and feeble time of wheat relatively, and it is heavy to be beneficial to the raising wheat berry;
(4) on the Precision Seeding basis, tiller and increase, colony's development rationally reaches the coordinating and unifying of Precision Seeding and dense planting, carries out the wide cut sowing, seed is not crowded, individual the existence strives fertilizer, strives water, strives the growth conditions of nutrition, robust growth, high-output stress-resistance, be beneficial to large-spike cultivar and become fringe more, multi-spike-type kind Cheng Dasui;
(5) under the equal conditions, plant is crowded, and the shooting stage under the weather conditions of Heze, makes fringe differentiation time lengthening 3-4 days than conventional cultivation evening, is beneficial to big panicle many grains per panicle, significantly improves output.
(6) on a line, become even dispersion strip-type by crowding originally after seed buries and distribute, effectively reduced field pimple seedling and the existence on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling.
(4) embodiment
The cultivation method of improving yield of wheat of the present invention comprises whole ground, sows, applies fertilizer, waters, diseases and pests controlling, results, takes during sowing to wait that line-spacing one ridge is two broadcasts the wide cut strip sowing, adopts wheat wide cut sower to sow.Supporting other ancillary techniques, the attain high output of wheat stable yields.One ridge is two to be broadcast the wide cut strip sowing and is about to former every ridge wheat is sowed 3 centimetres of formation sown scopes with a plough delegation, line-spacing 24-27 centimetre, change into every ridge wheat with two near plough sow, form 7-8 centimetre of sown scope, wide row space still is 24-27 centimetre, and the mu amount of broadcasting is the 5-8 kilogram.Adopt wheat wide cut sower to sow, help increasing that sown scope, seed disperse, sowing evenly, consistent, the not broadcast leakage of line-spacing, do not replay, do not have the disconnected ridge phenomenon of being short of seedling, realize saving the target that seed, is broadcast full stand, and the amount of broadcasting after a little while, the many evil of root are many, and plant evenly distributes, and become fringe more, Cheng Dasui, the output height; The amount of broadcasting for a long time, the individual growth stalwartness, capacity for the resistance to lodging strengthens, the not underproduction.
Culture fertility: carry out the two wide cut new method for cultivating of broadcasting in wheat one ridge, must be based on higher soil fertility and productivity and good clay fertilizer water condition, require every mu of organic fertilizer 3000-4000 kilogram, the nitrogenous fertilizer that contains effective ingredient (N) 7-8 kilogram, the phosphate fertilizer that contains effective ingredient (P205) 8-10 kilogram, the potash fertilizer that contains effective ingredient (K20) 7.5-9 kilogram, enrich 1 kilogram in little fertile zinc sulphate, and implementation straw-returning, carry out deep ploughing 25cm or more than the 25cm, breaking tillage pan, the attention control soil insect, and accomplish fertilizer spraying.
Selected breeding: select productivity height, resistant to lodging, strong stress resistance for use, plant type is reasonable, photosynthetic capacity is strong, economic coefficient is high, the breeding of not early ageing, help wheat and realize high yield.Selected kind has two types in the Wheat Production at present, the one, large-spike cultivar, the 2nd, the multi-spike-type kind, utilize that a ridge is two broadcasts the wide cut new method for cultivating, every mu of 7-8 kilogram of large-spike cultivar seeding quantity, every mu of 5-6 kilogram of multi-spike-type kind seeding quantity, compare the amount of broadcasting with traditional sower and subtract 3-4 kilogram and 2-3 kilogram respectively, carry out seed coating technology (seed pelleting is a prior art), guarantee that wheat one broadcasts full stand, reach the requirement that mu is neat, mu is strong.
Proper seeding, improve seeding quality: the winter habit wheat breed should be 18 ℃ of daily mean temperatures---sowing in the time of 16 ℃; The semiwinterness wheat breed should be 16 ℃ of daily mean temperatures---sowing in the time of 14 ℃, and guaranteed to have 650 ℃ of accumulated temperature to be advisable before the winter.
Weed deeply and be completely cured: use wheat to weed root-cutting machine deeply and weed deeply and be completely cured, disconnected old root is arranged, spray new root, promote the effect of root system development, there is elder generation to control the effect of afterwards urging to the plant overground part, can controls ineffective tillering, prevent that colony is excessive, improve illumination condition in the colony, improve the root system vigor, delay the root system aging, promote that the strong strain of seedling is strong, it is heavy to increase the fringe grain, improves output.
Scientific rich water quality management: what lacks with soil what is mended, carry out rational application of fertilizers, the heavy dressing jointing rich water of standing up, carry out moving technology behind the nitrogenous fertilizer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, favourable plant type is reasonable, helps the steady key accumulation of dry matter, increase grain number per spike, help improving biological yield and economic coefficient.Later stage is carried out little fertilizer of foliage-spray or growth regulator, and for example spring rain No. one, day reaches 2116 etc., is beneficial to delay leaf senile, improves utility rate of luminous energy, and it is heavy to increase grain.Move the base fertilizer ratio that is about to chemical nitrogen fertilizer behind the nitrogenous fertilizer and reduce to 50%, proportion of additional fertilizer is increased to 50%, and the wheatland base fertilizer ratio that soil fertility is high is 30%-50%, and proportion of additional fertilizer is 50%-70%; Simultaneously with spring dressing time period of seedling establishment is arranged or the after date of standing up moves to the shooting stage, the plot that soil fertility is high adopts the high kind of rate of tillering panicle to move to the shooting stage when boot leaf reveals point.Suitably reduce the number of times that waters,, realize cost-saving synergistic based on soil moisture water, winter water, jointing water, grouting water.
Do the extermination of disease and insect pest well: from wheat during jointing stage, harm such as attention control banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust and aphid in time to delaying the aging of wheat later stage, improve grain and heavily play an important role.
Unspecified part is a prior art.
The two cores of broadcasting the wide cut cultivation in winter wheat one ridge are:
(1) is fit to especially high yield wheatland in high yield higher wheet-producing area, the especially Shandong Province of Yellow River-Huai River region, solved the crowded growth conditions of plant line type, be unfavorable for the fringes that become, the problem of Cheng Dasui more.
(2) about sown scope 7cm, seed is uniformly dispersed, and has kind manyly in the many tillers of root, individual healthy and strong, becomes fringe more, Cheng Dasui, and high yield does not fall, and has solved current (about 3cm) in a narrow margin sowing, and seed is crowded, and individual growth is relatively poor, and is disease-resistant, lodging resistance is poor, the problem that tassel granule is few.
The line type that sown scope changes traditional wide 3cm is the strip-type of wide 7-8cm, effectively reduced field pimple seedling and the existence on the disconnected ridge that is short of seedling, seed buries and is uniformly dispersed, it is big to take up an area of the space, improved the field plant upgrowth situation greatly, improved utility rate of luminous energy, tiller is more than many, and is individual healthy and strong, coordinated effectively on the ground, the underground relation of growing, effectively promoted fringe, grain, heavy three's mutual coordination, the common raising is according to pilot survey, under other condition same cases, one ridge is two broadcasts 7.5 kilograms of tradition amounts of broadcasting of 5.0 kilograms of wide cut cultivated wheat mu amounts of broadcasting, individual plant 2.5 of the increases of the tillering winter before; The individual plant secondary root increases by 2.2; Jointing initial stage investigation individual plant is tillered and is increased by 2.3; The individual plant secondary root increases by 3.4.Per mu yield increases by 40.6 kilograms, volume increase 11.7%.Facts have proved that a ridge is two to be broadcast the wide cut new method for cultivating and compare with traditional wheat cultivation mode, every mu can be increased production wheat 10-15%.One ridge is two, and to broadcast the wide cut new method for cultivating be further improvement innovation on wheat precision seeding high-yield culture technique basis, reached the coordinating and unifying of Precision Seeding and dense planting.
Big Nian Xiang, Tai'an Wen Kouzhen Yan Nancun have planted two wide cut new method for cultivating experimental field of broadcasting, a ridge in the Juancheng County according to 2006-2007.Investigation result: average every mu of spike number 42.6 ten thousand, 32.4 of grain number per spikes, thousand kernel weight 46.3 grams, 543.2 kilograms of average yield per mus, 50.7 kilograms of the average mu volume increase of comparing with traditional planting patterns, volume increase 10.3%.
Claims (10)
1. the cultivation method of an improving yield of wheat comprises whole ground, sows, applies fertilizer, waters, diseases and pests controlling, it is characterized in that: take during sowing to wait that line-spacing one ridge is two broadcasts the wide cut strip sowing, adopt wheat wide cut sower to sow.
2. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during sowing, sown scope 7-8 centimetre, line-spacing is 24-27 centimetre, the mu amount of broadcasting is the 5-8 kilogram.
3. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 2 is characterized in that: selected breeding during sowing, every mu of 7-8 kilogram of large-spike cultivar seeding quantity, every mu of 5-6 kilogram of multi-spike-type kind seeding quantity.
4. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 3 is characterized in that: carry out seed coating technology during sowing.
5. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 3, sowing in the time of 14 ℃ that it is characterized in that: during sowing, the winter habit wheat breed is 18 ℃ of daily mean temperatures---sowing in the time of 16 ℃, the semiwinterness wheat breed is 16 ℃ of daily mean temperatures---.
6. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during whole ground, every mu of organic fertilizer 3000-4000 kilogram contains the nitrogenous fertilizer of effective ingredient 7-8 kilogram, contains the phosphate fertilizer of effective ingredient 8-10 kilogram, the potash fertilizer that contains effective ingredient 7.5-9 kilogram, enrich little fertile 1 kilogram, carry out straw-returning, carry out deep ploughing to break tillage pan, the control soil insect guarantees fertilizer spraying.
7. according to the cultivation method of any described improving yield of wheat among the claim 1-6, it is characterized in that: adopt wheat to weed root-cutting machine deeply and weed deeply and be completely cured.
8. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 7 is characterized in that: water based on soil moisture water, winter water, jointing water, grouting water.
9. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 8 is characterized in that: carry out rational application of fertilizers during fertilising, the heavy dressing jointing fertilizer of standing up is carried out moving technology behind the nitrogenous fertilizer according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, and the wheat later stage is carried out little fertilizer of foliage-spray or growth regulator.
10. the cultivation method of improving yield of wheat according to claim 9 is characterized in that: diseases and pests controlling, from wheat during jointing stage, preventing and treating with banded sclerotial blight, powdery mildew, rust and aphid is the sick worm harm of representative.
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