CN109618835A - Based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, it is intended to solve the low technical problem of winter wheat producing region productivity effect.The technical essential of this method includes: fine site preparation；Contracting is broadcast away from even；Rich water is planned as a whole quantitative；Springization is adjusted；Chemical prevention disease pest endangers in the watery stage.Cultural method of the invention is based on deep ploughing and expand soil liquid manure storage capacity, under the basic assurance that the later period does " a spray three proofings " well, strengthen that ontogeny, jointing later period spray brassin lactones and 6-BA preparation promotes fringe grain well to develop for core with even broadcast of narrow row, increase grain number and setting percentage, expand storage capacity, especially high liquid manure wheatland, Biomass production is abundant, reach and increases grain number, steady grain weight, anti-early ageing effect, it increases production and improves productivity obvious, with preferable economic and social benefit, further increases production and improves productivity for China's wheat and strong science and technology support is provided.

Description

Based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect

Technical field

The present invention relates to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of to be adapted to expanding based on increasing grain for winter wheat producing region The improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method of library effect.

Background technique

Wheat kernel starch rich in, more protein, a small amount of fat, there are also multi mineral prime element and dimensions Raw element B is a kind of full of nutrition, higher commodity food of economic value.There is 35%~40% population in 43, whole world country with small Wheat is main food.It is counted within 2004 according to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), (1 mu about for 32.36 hundred million mu of whole world harvesting wheat area 667 square meters), 193.8 thousand grams/acre of per unit area yield, 6.27 hundred million tons of total yield.

Wheat type is divided into winter wheat and two kinds of spring wheat with sowing time, and China is based on winter wheat.Winter wheat in north area, The Qinling Mountains, North of Huai River are mainly distributed on, on the south Great Wall, wherein being distributed mainly on Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shaanxi, Shanxi Zhu Sheng Area.Southern Winter Wheat Area is mainly distributed on the south the Huaihe River of the Qinling Mountains, and main producing region concentrates on Jiangsu, Sichuan, Anhui, Hubei each province.

Currently, there are many factor for restricting the high-efficient development of China's improving yield of wheat, and adverse circumstance weather occurrence frequency increases, rural area labour Power transfer causes field management to weaken, and the key measures of wheat increase yield synergy are difficult to promptly and accurately implement completely, peasant household point Plantation is dissipated, mechanization and large-scale degree are low.

Wherein, in Wheat Production, unreasonable traditional cultivation mode (such as big liquid manure) is also fairly common, not only nitrogenous fertilizer Utilization rate is relatively low, and easily causes the wasting of resources, and it is low to generate greatly negative effect, agriculture production benefit to ecological environment. Correlative study investigation shows that the yield difference of different province Variety comprehensives is up to 100~200 kgs/acre, and liquid manure input amount is greatly and not Science causes the level of resources utilization low, utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer only 35%.

Currently, equal from tillage control measure, seedtime, planting density, fertilizer application, chemical regulation and disease prevention and control etc. It is made that a large amount of research, to improve wheat yield and the level of resources utilization, but the prior art is only limitted to some or two The research of a factor interaction, and merging the Technical system to be formed about multiple cultural facts influences yield and efficiency Research be also rarely reported.

Therefore, the restriction factor for restricting output increased for planted in different ecological areas main Types wheatland is needed, is researched and developed A kind of improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method, to realize preferable economic and social benefit.

Summary of the invention

The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind to be suitable for similar in Wheat in Henan Province producing region and ecological condition The improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for expanding library effect based on increasing grain of surrounding area, so that source-library during Wheat Production is closed System reaches balance and coordinates, and to solve the low technical problem of winter wheat producing region productivity effect, is finally reached the life increased production and improved productivity Produce effect.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical thought that the present invention uses is as follows:

The a large amount of scientific researches for a long time of inventor's warp are practiced, and are merged multiple cultural facts in producing and are formed one kind based on increasing grain expansion library The cultural method of effect, this method before improving site preparation seeding quality, cultivate the winter based on strong sprout, with construct high quality group, Because seedling contingency management is attached most importance to, by optimization colony quality, increase dry-matter accumulation amount, promotes young fringe well to develop, can reach Steady spike number increases grain number, protects grain weight target.

The present invention it is specific the technical solution adopted is as follows:

A kind of improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for expanding library effect based on increasing grain is designed, main technical points have:

(1) fine site preparation: after preceding crop harvest, by straw chopping and returning, stalk length≤10cm；Deep ploughing or rotary tillage soil, Then leveling suppression；

(2) contracting is broadcast away from even: any one sowing in a, b, c in the following way, Basic Seedling 18~250,000/666.7m², between strain Away from increase by 20%~30%；Wherein,

Mode a is 16~18cm of line-spacing machinery drilling；

Mode b is 12~14cm × 18~22cm wide-narrow row planting；

Mode c is 6~10cm seedling band, and the wide cut of 10~14cm line-spacing is sowed；

(3) rich water is planned as a whole quantitative: moisturizing dries 2~3 days to soil body moisture storage capacity is maximum field capacity 75%~85% before broadcasting After plough；Under normal rainfall year type, the irrigated area jointing later period pours water 40~60 sides/666.7m²；Under Dry year, irrigated area jointing begins Phase pours water 40~60 sides/666.7m², heading stage pours water 45~55 sides/666.7m², non-irrigated area only the jointing stage pour water 50~60 sides/ 666.7m²；Total amount of nitrogen is 16~18kg/666.7m², 40%~60% before broadcasting base apply, remaining is imposed in the jointing stage；It is applied before broadcasting 5~8kg/666.7m of phosphate fertilizer², 6~10kg/666.7m of potash fertilizer², 1.5~2kg/666.7m of zinc fertilizer², water, chase after in conjunction with the jointing stage Apply 2~4kg/666.7m of phosphate fertilizer²。

(4) springization is adjusted: the wheatland big to group, growing way is prosperous applies 200mg/L paclobutrazol solution 25~35 in the phase of standing up kg/666.7m²；According to weather forecast situation, in 13~18 kg/666.7m of jointing early spray²Plant cold-resistance agent；In jointing 25~35 kg/666.7m of brassin lactones preparation solution or 6-BA nutrient solution is applied to boot stage²；

(5) chemical prevention disease pest endangers in the watery stage.

In technical essential (1), the machine power that uses of deep ploughing is controlled as 80~90 horsepowers, tilling depth 30cm or more. The rotary tillage using after twice, tilling depth 15cm or more of rotary cultivator rotary tillage, continuous rotary tillage 2 years of 80 horsepowers or more with 80 horsepowers with Upper subsoiler subsoiling 35cm.It also needs to accomplish fluently the field furrow ridge with 25 horsepowers or more machinery to irrigated area；For low-lying wheatland, need to dig pair The field irrigation canals and ditches answered.

In technical essential (3), 30~40 sides of cover-head water/666.7m is poured behind the sunning arable land².It is imposed in the jointing stage 2~4kg/666.7m of phosphate fertilizer²。

In technical essential (4), the brassin lactones preparation solution be mass ratio be 1:30000 brassin lactones with Pyridine kresoxim-methyl；The 6-BA nutrient solution is by the 6- benzyl purine of 1.1mg/L~2.5mg/L, the boron of the mg/L of 1 mg/L~2.5 Sand, 0.1~0.2ppm epi-brassinolide composition.Plant cold-resistance agent is 80~120 μ g/mL Salicylic Acid Formulations solution, and enhancing is anti- Cold power

In technical essential (5), the chemical prevention disease pest endangers medicament used and dosage is any one in following:

I. 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 100 g/666.7m², 15% trazodone wettable powder, 80 g/666.7m²Or 80% 12 g/666.7m of Tebuconazole²20 g/666.7m of+12.5% olefin conversion², 10% imidacloprid, 20 g/666.7m², 5% efficient chlorine cyanogen chrysanthemum 30 ml/666.7m of emulsifiable concentrate², 50 g/666.7m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate²；

II. 15% trazodone wettable powder, 75 g/666.7m²Or 12.5% olefin conversion, 40 ml/666.7m²+ 4.5% it is efficient 50 ml/666.7m of cypermethrin², 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g/666.7m²Or 50 ml/666.7m of liquid foliage fertilizer²；

III. 50% carbendazim, 60 ml/666.7m²Or 70% thiophanate-methyl, 100 g/666.7m², 3% acetamiprid EC 25 ml/666.7m²Or 10% imidacloprid, 20 g/666.7m², 100 g/666.7m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate²；

IV. 65% Mancozeb, 150 g/666.7m²Or 70% thiophanate methyl, 100 g/666.7m², 10% imidacloprid, 20 g/ 666.7m², 100 g/666.7m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate²。

The formula of above-mentioned chemical prevention disease pest harm is watered 40~50 kg/666.7m²It sprays.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial technical effect of the present invention lies in:

1. cultural method of the invention does the basic of " a spray three proofings " well based on deep ploughing and expand soil liquid manure storage capacity, in the later period Under guarantee, strengthen that ontogeny, jointing later period spray brassin lactones and 6-BA preparation promotes fringe grain well to send out with even broadcast of narrow row It educates for core, increases grain number and setting percentage, expand storage capacity, especially high liquid manure wheatland keeps its Biomass production abundant, reaches Increase grain number, steady grain weight, anti-early ageing effect, increases production and improves productivity obvious.

2. cultural method of the invention can not only be developed with wheat growth-promoting, disease resistance, previous individual event is overcome Or the simple multinomial cultivation technique measure being optionally combined is only capable of the drawbacks of improving wheat single traits, has preferable economy and society It can benefit.

3. cultural method specific aim of the invention, practical, operability is good, obvious effect of increasing production, small in Henan Province Surrounding area similar in wheat producing region and ecological condition, which is promoted, has very wide application prospect.

4. cultural method of the invention can give full play to the productive potentialities of excellent variety, it can be achieved that large area stable high yield and The sustainable efficient utilization of resource further increases production and improves productivity for China's wheat and provides strong science and technology support.

5. the present invention makes the collaboration of wheat yield and the level of resources utilization by cultivation technique integrated use and optimum organization It improves, provides theoretical foundation and technical support for High Yield andEfficient Winter Wheat Culture production.

Specific embodiment

Illustrate a specific embodiment of the invention below with reference to embodiment, but following embodiment is used only to be described in detail The present invention does not limit the scope of the invention in any way.

Related equipment is conventional equipment unless otherwise instructed in the examples below；Related reagent or production Product are commercially available conventional reagent or product unless otherwise instructed；Related cultivation or method of administration, unless otherwise instructed, For conventional method.

Embodiment one: based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect

(1) fine site preparation

It mainly include two key links, i.e. straw-returning and site preparation is suppressed.

Straw-returning: after preceding crop harvest, with 80 horsepowers or more dynamic power machines by straw chopping and returning, stalk length≤ 10 centimetres, earth's surface is uniformly shed, and add urea in conjunction with soil moisture content, accelerate decomposition.

Site preparation suppression: 90 horsepowers or more dynamic power machine deep ploughings, 30 centimetres of tilling depth or more.With 60 horsepowers or more power after deep ploughing Mechanical Planarization suppression.

For Henan north high yield irrigated area and some areas with preferable watering condition, and accomplished fluently with 25 horsepowers or more machinery The field furrow ridge is poured with benefit；Low-lying wheatland Central-South for Henan, pays attention to having dug field irrigation canals and ditches, prevents wheatland ponding stain evil.

(2) contracting is broadcast away from even

Production for straw-returning in current Wheat Production, rotary tillage, site preparation and seeding quality difference is practical, in fine site preparation, training Fertile soil fertility, balance fertilizing, preferably kind, optimum period, fit moisture in the soil sowing etc. on the basis of conventional measures, and line-spacing the row such as is reduced to by conventional 20cm Away from 17cm or 13cm × 20cm wide-narrow row planting, the wide cut sowing of 8cm seedling band, 12cm line-spacing can also be used, to improve field plant Strain distribution consistency degree, optimizes colony quality, and strain spacing increases by 20%~30%.

(3) rich water is planned as a whole quantitative

For watering in the production of the Yellow River and Huai He River south Henan area of wheat blindly, apply that nitrogen is excessive, water and fertilizer utilization rate is low, high yield inefficiency problem, grind Wheat rich water processed plans as a whole quantitative cultivation technique, realizes that water-saving, province's fertilizer, high yield, simplified multiple target are unified, this is to transformation Wheat Production Mode promotes the sustainable development of region Wheat Production to be of great significance.

Technical points are as follows:

I. limitation control water, periodically pours water and supplies pre-sowing water before broadcasting, and guarantees that the moisture storage capacity of 1 meter of soil body of wheatland reaches field maximum and holds The 75%~85% of water is poured water quantity (60mm) according to September part precipitation situation (200mm) appropriate adjustment, increases Soil-stored water Amount.Under normal rainfall year type, jointing water is suitably postponed in the irrigated area Yu Bei, and the Shajiang black meadow soil area Yu Nan does not pour spring water；Under Dry year, Henan Northern irrigated area fills water of earing on the basis of pouring jointing water, and the Shajiang black meadow soil area Yu Nan only needs to have filled jointing water.

II. partition zone optimizing mends sulphur zinc, matches Shi Weifei with fertilizer according to native result rational application of fertilizers is surveyed.The Shajiang black meadow soil area Yu Nan The steady potassium of nitrogen pick-up phosphorus, the high yield irrigated area equilibrium of Henan north increase N P and K；Yu Dongzhongchan supplementary irrigation area subtracts nitrogen phosphorization and mends potassium.Combining target produces Amount, nutrient balance and seedling stage inhale fertilizer rule, use sufficient base manure, postponing nitrogen heavy dressing, phosphate fertilizer imposes on a small quantity.Nitrogenous fertilizer base manure ratio is grasped In 40%~60% range, Yu Bei walks in irrigated area lower limit, and the upper limit is walked in Yu Nan supplementary irrigation area, and the equal base of phosphorus potash fertilizer is applied, and high-yield field can also suitably chase after Certain proportion phosphate fertilizer is applied, the 30% of total amount is usually no more than.

III. the spring growth of cereal crop seedlings monitors, and quantitatively chases after nitrogen in spring and utilizes non-destructive monitoring technology such as SPAD, GREENSEE etc. couple Wheat growing way and the growth of cereal crop seedlings are monitored, and are control with adjacent nitrogen-free wheatland, in conjunction with local improving yield of wheat fertilising situation, pass through the growth of cereal crop seedlings It monitors real time data and establishes fertilising quantity.Dressing time is advisable with jointing later period (jointing-booting) in conjunction with watering, utilizes monitoring seedling Feelings effective sink capacity, more traditional uniform constant fertilising can save 1~2 kilogram of purity nitrogen per acre.Timely and appropriate discovery Nitrogen Top Dressing guarantees wheat The nitrogen demand of spring robust growth reduces nitrogen luxury absorption, improves utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, meanwhile, group structure is reasonable, disease Mitigate, not early ageing.

(4) change and strong seedling is adjusted to increase grain

It is long for wheat growthdevelopmental stage, it is affected by climate change big, and Catastrophe climate is in the production problem of trend of retransmitting of taking place frequently, Research coordination improves grain number and grain, and lasting volume increase stable to wheat is of great significance again.

Plant growth regulator is the substance by artificial synthesized with plant hormone with similar physiology and biological effect, The growing process that crop can effectively be adjusted reaches the purpose of stable yields volume increase, improving quality, enhancing crop anti-adversity, it is current Most economical simply and effectively a kind of technical measures in agricultural resource factor input.

Technical points are as follows:

I. jointing stage of standing up controls prosperous antifreeze wheatland big to group, growing way is prosperous, and standing up, phase sprinkling paclobutrazol (sprays per acre 200mg/L paclobutrazol solution 30kg) or cycocel (spray 50% cycocel aqua per acre and be diluted to 160~350 times of liquid 100kg) Solution, dwarfed plant prevent from lodging；According to weather forecast, wheat jointing initial stage sprays plant cold-resistance agent, such as salicylic acid system Agent (sprays 100 15 kilograms of μ g/mL solution of concentration) per acre, enhances cold hardiness, avoids the harm of " cold spell in later spring " and " Late frost ".

II. jointing-booting stage, which increases grain and expands library, sprays brassin lactones or 6-BA preparation solution (such as brassin lactones and pyrrole Pyridine kresoxim-methyl is the mixture of mass ratio 1:30000；6-BA nutrient solution: 6- benzyl purine 1.1mg/L~2.5mg/L, borax 1 The mg/L of mg/L~2.5,0.1~0.2ppm of epi-brassinolide), setting percentage is not only improved, grain number per spike is increased, also there is diseases prevention Effect.

(5) the one spray steady grain weights of three proofings

One spray three proofings are the anti-early ageing of Wheat During Later Period of Growth preventing disease pest control, resist bad climate influence, increase grain weight, improve per unit area yield Effective measures.Wheat earing stage is that the pest and disease damages such as wheat rust, powdery mildew, head blight, wheat aphid, suction pulp worm mix hair, multiple peak period, It is the best period for preventing and treating Wheat Diseases And Insect Pests.Do " a spray three proofings " well, especially high liquid manure wheatland can effectively prevent disease pest danger Evil extends wheat leaf blade functional period, reaches increase grain-weight, anti-early ageing, has obvious effect of increasing production.

Technical essential are as follows:

I. to prevent and treat the wheatland of a variety of pest and disease damages such as head blight, stripe rust, powdery mildew, aphid, mythimna separata, per acre with 50% carbendazim 100 grams of wettable powder, 80 grams of 15% trazodone wettable powder (or 12 grams of 80% Tebuconazole, 20 grams of 12.5% olefin conversion), 10% 20 grams of imidacloprid, 30 milliliters and 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 5% Beta-cypermethrin EC, are watered 40~50 kilograms of mixed atomizings, spray Even spray thoroughly, while enhancing that wheat is resistant to lodging and hot-dry wind tolerance ability, achievees the effect that a spray is mostly anti-, volume increase is protected and produced conscientiously.

II. with control rust, wheatland based on suction pulp worm, mu 75 grams of 15% trazodone wettable powder or 12.5% alkene 40 milliliters of azoles alcohol plus 4.5% 50 milliliters of effective cypermethrin, again plus 100 grams of 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 50 milliliters of liquid foliage fertilizer Add water spray.

III. to prevent and treat head blight, the wheatland based on wheat head aphid, mu 60 milliliters of 50% carbendazim or 70% thiophanate-methyl 100 grams plus 20 grams of 25 milliliters of 3% acetamiprid EC or 10% imidacloprid, again plus 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate spraying.

IV. to prevent and treat leaf blight, the wheatland based on fringe aphid, mu 150 grams of 65% Mancozeb or 70% thiophanate methyl 100 grams plus 20 grams of 10% imidacloprid, then plus 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate it is spraying.

Effect is wiped out and treated insect pests and plant diseases it is noted that checking after spray, when effect is undesirable or disease pest development is very fast, to carry out mending in time and control, Disease pest harm is preferably minimized.

Embodiment two: various regions test example production effect verifying

(1) test example 1

Field trial is carried out on Henan Province, the farm Ji Po, Kaifeng in 2015-2016, is with semi-winterness kind Henan wheat 49-198 Material, test material were sowed October 12, and Basic Seedling is per acre 250,000.

Conventional cultivation is set and high-yield high-efficiency cultivation two ways, Main Cultivation Technology content are as shown in table 1.

1 different land use patterns cultivation management measure of table

。

Conventional cultivation mode is in addition to table 1 is enumerated, and other measures are the same as conventional crop field.

High-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode also specifically includes following Main Cultivation Technology link in addition to 1 content of table:

I. fine site preparation, after preceding crop harvest, with 80 horsepowers or more dynamic power machines by straw chopping and returning, stalk length≤ 10 centimetres, uniformly shed earth's surface；90 horsepowers or more dynamic power machine deep ploughings, 30 centimetres of tilling depth or more；With 60 horsepowers or more after deep ploughing Dynamic power machine leveling suppression, and the field furrow ridge is accomplished fluently with 25 horsepowers or more machinery, it is poured with benefit；

II. it contracts and is broadcast away from even, line-spacing is increased by the line-spacings 17cm machinery drilling such as conventional 20cm is reduced to, 250,000/mu of Basic Seedling, strain spacing Add 20%~30%；

III. rich water is planned as a whole quantitative, and pre-sowing water is supplied before broadcasting, and sunning is ploughed after 3 days.To pour water in spring postponement to the jointing later period into Row, pour water 60 sides per acre, and the later period poured water at heading stage, and pour water 50 sides per acre.16 kilograms per acre of pure nitrogen level are always applied, 40% before broadcasting Base is applied, remaining 60% is imposed in the jointing stage.Phosphate fertilizer (P is applied per acre before broadcasting₂O₅) 7kg, potash fertilizer (K₂O) 8kg, zinc fertilizer (ZnSO₄) 2kg. Phosphate fertilizer (P is applied per acre in conjunction with watering in the jointing later period₂O₅) 3 kg, and diagnosis is monitored to wheat growing way and the growth of cereal crop seedlings using SPAD Fertilising；

IV. springization is adjusted, the wheatland big to group, growing way is prosperous, and standing up, phase sprinkling paclobutrazol (it is more to spray 200mg/L per acre Imitate azoles solution 30kg).Brassin lactones preparation solution 30 kilograms of (brassin lactones and pyridines per acre are sprayed in jointing to boot stage Kresoxim-methyl is the mixture of mass ratio 1:30000)；

V. the pustulation period one spray three proofings, per acre with 100 grams of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 80 grams of 15% trazodone wettable powder, 30 milliliters and 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 10% 20 grams of imidacloprid, 5% Beta-cypermethrin EC are watered 40~50 kilograms of mixing sprays It is saturating to spray even spray for mist；

VI. other cultivation management measures are the same as general High-yield Wheat Fields.

(2) test example 2

2014-2015 is carried out in Henan Province Jiaozuo City Wen County auspicious cloud town High-yield Wheat Fields, is material with semi-winterness kind safety 11, Sowing on October 14, Basic Seedling are per acre 200,000.

Conventional cultivation is set and high-yield high-efficiency cultivation two ways, Main Cultivation Technology content are as shown in table 1.

Conventional cultivation mode is in addition to table 1 is enumerated, and other measures are the same as conventional crop field.

High-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode also specifically includes following Main Cultivation Technology link in addition to 1 content of table:

I. fine site preparation, after preceding crop harvest, with 80 horsepowers or more dynamic power machines by straw chopping and returning, stalk length≤ 10 centimetres, uniformly shed earth's surface；90 horsepowers or more dynamic power machine deep ploughings, 30 centimetres of tilling depth or more；With 60 horsepowers or more after deep ploughing Dynamic power machine leveling suppression, and the field furrow ridge is accomplished fluently with 25 horsepowers or more machinery, it is poured with benefit；

II. it contracts and is broadcast away from even, mechanical drilling, 200,000/mu of Basic Seedling, between strain are measured using half essence of wide-and narrow-row of 13cm × 20cm configuration Away from increase by 20%~30%；

III. rich water is planned as a whole quantitative, after planting dries 2 days, pours cover-head water, per acre 40 side.It will pour water in spring and postpone to jointing Later period carries out, and pour water 60 sides per acre, and late growth stage was poured water at heading stage, and pour water 50 sides per acre.16 kilograms per acre of pure nitrogen level are always applied, 40% before broadcast base apply, remaining 60% is imposed in the jointing stage.Phosphate fertilizer (P is applied per acre before broadcasting₂O₅) 7kg, potash fertilizer (K₂O) 8kg, zinc fertilizer (ZnSO₄) 2kg.Phosphate fertilizer (P is applied per acre in conjunction with watering in the jointing later period₂O₅) 3 kg, and using Greeker to wheat growing way and seedling Feelings are monitored diagnostic fertilization；

IV. springization is adjusted, and wheat jointing initial stage sprays salicylic acid cold-resistant preparation, and it is public to spray 100 μ g/mL solution of concentration 15 per acre Jin.30 kilograms per acre of 6-BA nutrient solution (1 .1mg/L of 6- benzyl purine~2.5mg/L, 1 mg/ of borax are sprayed in jointing-booting stage The mg/L of L~2.5,0.1~0.2ppm of epi-brassinolide)；

V. the pustulation period one sprays three proofings, per acre with 60 milliliters of 50% carbendazim of mu, 25 milliliters of 3% acetamiprid EC, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100 grams are watered 40~50 kilograms and mix by spraying, and it is saturating to spray even spray；

VI. other cultivation management measures are the same as general High-yield Wheat Fields.

(3) test example 3

2014-2015 carries out field trial on Zhoukou City, farm, Shangshui County, is material, October 24 with semi-winterness kind week wheat 27 Day sowing, Basic Seedling are per acre 250,000.

Conventional cultivation is set and high-yield high-efficiency cultivation two ways, Main Cultivation Technology content are as shown in table 1.

Conventional cultivation mode is in addition to table 1 is enumerated, and other measures are the same as conventional crop field.

High-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode also specifically includes following Main Cultivation Technology link in addition to 1 content of table:

I. fine site preparation, after preceding crop harvest, with 80 horsepowers or more dynamic power machines by straw chopping and returning, stalk length≤ 10 centimetres, uniformly shed earth's surface；With 80 horsepowers or more twice of rotary cultivator rotary tillage, 15 centimetres of depth or more, 2 years use of continuous rotary tillage 80 horsepowers or more 35 centimetres of subsoiler subsoiling, pay attention to having dug field irrigation canals and ditches, prevents wheatland ponding stain evil；

II. it contracts and is broadcast away from even, using 8 centimetres of sown scopes, the wide cut seeding method of 12 centimetres of line-spacings；

III. rich water is planned as a whole quantitative, after planting dries 2 days, pours cover-head water, per acre 30 side.It will pour water in spring and postpone to jointing Later period carries out, and pour water 50 sides per acre.Always apply 18 kilograms per acre of pure nitrogen level, 60% before broadcasting base apply, remaining 40% is imposed in the jointing stage. Phosphate fertilizer (P is applied per acre before broadcasting₂O₅) 6 kg, potash fertilizer (K₂O) 8kg, zinc fertilizer (ZnSO₄) 1.5kg.At Greeker pairs of jointing later-stage utilization Wheat growing way and the growth of cereal crop seedlings are monitored diagnostic fertilization, and fertilizer is compound nitrogen phosphate fertilizer, water and carry out in conjunction with spring；

IV. springization is adjusted, the wheatland big to group, growing way is prosperous, and standing up, phase sprinkling paclobutrazol (it is more to spray 200mg/L per acre Imitate azoles solution 30kg).30 kilograms per acre of brassin lactones preparation solution (brassin lactones and pyridine ether are sprayed in jointing-booting stage Bacterium ester is the mixture of mass ratio 1:30000)；

V. the pustulation period one sprays three proofings, per acre with 100 grams of 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 12 grams of 80% Tebuconazole, 10% imidacloprid 20 grams, 30 milliliters and 50 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 5% Beta-cypermethrin EC, are watered 40~50 kilograms of mixed atomizings, spray even spray Thoroughly；

VI. other cultivation management measures are the same as general High-yield Wheat Fields.

(4) influence of the different cultivation steps to wheat yield and composition character is detected

Testing result is as shown in table 2:

Influence of 2 cultural method of table to wheat economic characters

。

From table 2 it can be seen that high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode shows three factors of yield forming than conventional cultivation mode The effect of raising, and then yield is promoted to increase.

Compare between three factor of yield, influence of the high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode to grain number per spike is most obvious, amplification be 8.4~ 10.5%, and it is relatively low to the increasing degree of spike number and mass of 1000 kernel, only 3.5~5.1%.Ultimate output, which is that three factors are comprehensive, to be made As a result, high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode is 11.1~14.9% to the increasing degree of yield, increase production 55~78 kilograms per acre.It is high The facilitation effect for producing Efficient Cultivation mode is also different because of place, and spike number is best with Wen County point effect, and grain number per spike and mass of 1000 kernel are then equal Most obvious with Shangshui point, ultimate output is preferable (78~82 kgs/acre) with the increase effect of Shangshui and Wen County point, and the point effect that breaks a seal Fruit is worst (55 kgs/acre).

(5) influence of the different cultivation steps to wheat different spaces position mass of 1000 kernel is detected

Testing result is as shown in table 3:

Influence of 3 cultural method of table to the mass of 1000 kernel (gram) of different fringe positions

。

From table 3 it can be seen that high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode is showed than mass of 1000 kernel of the conventional cultivation mode to different fringe positions Increase.

Different fringe interdigits compare, and influence of the high-yield and high-efficiency mode to top small ear is the most significant, and mass of 1000 kernel increase by 2.9~ 4.6 grams, amplification is 7.9~13.1%, and smaller, mass of 1000 kernel increase by 1.8~3.0 is influenced on the mass of 1000 kernel at middle part and lower part small ear Gram, amplification is 3.7~6.2%.The facilitation effect of high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode is also different because of place, and Shangshui point is most obvious, mass of 1000 kernel Increase by 2.3~4.6 grams, amplification is 4.7~13.1%；Relatively, mass of 1000 kernel increases by 1.8~2.9 grams, increases for Wen County and Kaifeng point Width is 3.7~8.7%.

(6) influence of the different cultivation steps to wheat different spaces position grain number is detected

Testing result is as shown in table 4:

Influence of 4 cultural method of table to different fringe positions grain number (grain)

。

From table 4, it can be seen that high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode shows increasing than grain number of the conventional cultivation mode to different fringe positions Add trend.

Different fringe interdigits are compared, and high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode is most obvious to the promotion effect of top small ear, and grain number increases Adding 1.1~1.7, amplification is 21.0~36.3%, and smaller on the influence of the grain number at middle part and lower part small ear, grain number increase by 0.2~ 0.9 gram, amplification is 3.8~18%.The facilitation effect of high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode is also different because of place, under Shangshui and Kaifeng point Position and the increase of upper small ear are more, and the next small grain number per spike increases by 0.5~0.6, and amplification 8.4~18.0%, upper small grain number per spike increases Add 1.6~1.7, amplification 31.5~36.3%, and the grain number of middle part small ear increases relatively fewer (0.2~1.1), amplification is 8.1~21%；The small grain number per spike increase in the middle part of Wen County point is more, 0.9 gram of grain number increase, amplification 4.8%, and the next and upper small The grain number of fringe increases less (0.74~0.84), and amplification is 3.8~4.1%.

(7) influence of the different cultivation steps to wheat economic and technical norms is detected

Testing result is as shown in table 5:

Influence of 5 cultural method of table to wheat technical-economic index

。

As can be seen from Table 5, from the point of view of the gross output value, high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode is most to the Shangshui increased output value of point (386.1 yuan/666.7m²), it is secondly (232.6 yuan/666.7m of Wen County²), Kaifeng point is (171.5 yuan/666.7m minimum²).

High-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode increases total investment, and Kaifeng point is increased input more (34.9 yuan/666.7m²), secondly, Wen County is 29.9 yuan/666.7m², and Shangshui point increases at least, remains basically stable (2.3 yuan/666.7m²).Due to the soil class of various regions The input cost type of the difference of type, production level and economic situation, three testing sites is not quite similar, the flexibe work(labour) of Wen County investment Cost is more, and the objectivized labour cost of Shangshui and Kaifeng point investment is on the high side.From the point of view of pure benefit, high-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode pair At most (383.8 yuan/666.7m of the increased benefit of Shangshui point²), it is secondly (202.7 yuan/666.7m of Wen County²), Kaifeng point is minimum (136.6 yuan/666.7m²).

Constantly improve production cost can not effectively improve the investment benefit ratio of wheat, cost cross high investment limit through The increase for benefit of helping.High-yield high-efficiency cultivation mode is most significant to the increasing degree of Shangshui point investment benefit ratio, and up to 167%, and it is warm County and Kaifeng point then only have 44% and 23% respectively.

The present invention is described in detail above in conjunction with embodiment, still, person of ordinary skill in the field can Understand, without departing from the purpose of the present invention, each design parameter in above-described embodiment can also be changed, shape At multiple specific embodiments, it is common variation range of the invention, is no longer described in detail one by one herein.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, it is characterised in that:

(1) fine site preparation: after preceding crop harvest, by straw chopping and returning, stalk length≤10cm；Deep ploughing or rotary tillage soil, Then leveling suppression；

(2) contracting is broadcast away from even: any one sowing in a, b, c in the following way, Basic Seedling 18~250,000/666.7m², between strain Away from increase by 20%~30%；Wherein,

Mode a is 16~18cm of line-spacing machinery drilling；

Mode b is 12~14cm × 18~22cm wide-narrow row planting；

Mode c is 6~10cm seedling band, and the wide cut of 10~14cm line-spacing is sowed；

(3) rich water is planned as a whole quantitative: moisturizing dries 3~5 days to soil body moisture storage capacity is maximum field capacity 75%~85% before broadcasting After plough；

Under normal rainfall year type, the irrigated area jointing later period pours water 40~60 sides/666.7m²；

Under Dry year, irrigated area jointing phase of beginning pours water 40~60 sides/666.7m², heading stage pours water 45~55 sides/666.7m²；It is non- The irrigated area jointing stage pours water 50~60 sides/666.7m²；

Total amount of nitrogen is 16~18kg/666.7m², 40%~60% before broadcasting base apply, remaining is imposed in the jointing stage；Phosphate fertilizer 5 is applied before broadcasting ~8kg/666.7m², 6~10kg/666.7m of potash fertilizer², 1.5~2kg/666.7m of zinc fertilizer²；

(4) springization is adjusted: the wheatland big to group, growing way is prosperous applies 200mg/L paclobutrazol solution 25~35 in the wheat phase of standing up kg/666.7m²；In 13~18 kg/666.7m of jointing early spray²Plant cold-resistance agent；Brassin is applied in jointing to boot stage 25~35 kg/666.7m of lactones preparation solution or 6-BA nutrient solution²；

(5) chemical prevention disease pest endangers in the watery stage.

2. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (1), the tilling depth control of the deep ploughing is 30cm or more.

3. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (1), the rotary tillage number is 2~3 times, and tilling depth control is 15cm or more；Subsoiling, Song Shen are carried out after continuous rotary tillage 2 years Control is 35cm or more.

4. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (1), also need to beat irrigated area on the field furrow ridge；To low-lying wheatland, corresponding field irrigation canals and ditches are dug.

5. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (3), insufficient for soil moisture, grab moisture sowing wheatland pours 30~40 sides of cover-head water/666.7m after broadcasting²。

6. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (3), 2~4kg/666.7m of phosphate fertilizer is imposed in the jointing stage²。

7. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (4), the brassin lactones preparation solution is the brassin lactones and pyridine kresoxim-methyl that mass ratio is 1:30000；Institute 6-BA nutrient solution is stated by the 6- benzyl purine of 1.1mg/L~2.5mg/L, borax, the 0.1~0.2ppm of the mg/L of 1 mg/L~2.5 Epi-brassinolide composition.

8. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (4), the plant cold-resistance agent is the Salicylic Acid Formulations of 80~120 μ g/mL of concentration.

9. according to claim 1 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that In (5), chemical prevention disease pest endanger medicament used and dosage be it is following any one:

(I) 50% carbendazol wettable powder, 100 g/666.7m², 15% trazodone wettable powder, 80 g/666.7m²Or 80% penta 12 g/666.7m of azoles alcohol²20 g/666.7m of+12.5% olefin conversion², 10% imidacloprid, 20 g/666.7m², 5% effective cypermethrin 30 ml/666.7m of missible oil², 50 g/666.7m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate²；

(II) 15% trazodone wettable powder, 75 g/666.7m²Or 12.5% olefin conversion, 40 ml/666.7m²+ 4.5% efficient chlorine 50 ml/666.7m of Cyano chrysanthemate², 98% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 100 g/666.7m²Or 50 ml/666.7m of liquid foliage fertilizer²；

(III) 50% carbendazim, 60 ml/666.7m²Or 70% thiophanate-methyl, 100 g/666.7m², 3% acetamiprid EC, 25 ml/ 666.7m²Or 10% imidacloprid, 20 g/666.7m², 100 g/666.7m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate²；

(IV) 65% Mancozeb, 150 g/666.7m²Or 70% thiophanate methyl, 100 g/666.7m², 10% imidacloprid, 20 g/ 666.7m², 100 g/666.7m of potassium dihydrogen phosphate²。

10. according to claim 9 based on the improving yield of wheat efficient cultivation method for increasing grain expansion library effect, which is characterized in that The formula of the chemical prevention disease pest harm is watered 40~50 kg/666.7m²It sprays.