CN102884926A - Method for wide wheat seedling row strip cropping - Google Patents
Method for wide wheat seedling row strip cropping Download PDFInfo
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- CN102884926A CN102884926A CN2012103768377A CN201210376837A CN102884926A CN 102884926 A CN102884926 A CN 102884926A CN 2012103768377 A CN2012103768377 A CN 2012103768377A CN 201210376837 A CN201210376837 A CN 201210376837A CN 102884926 A CN102884926 A CN 102884926A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for wide wheat seedling row strip cropping. The method comprises a preparation step before seeding, a seeding step and a field management step, wherein the seeding step comprises the following steps that when seeding is carried out, seeds are uniformly distributed in wide seedling rows in a strip shape, the width of each wide seedling row is 13-20 centimeters, and the line spacing between the adjacent seedling rows equals to the width of the wide seedling row. By the method, the ventilation and light transmitting conditions in a group canopy can be improved, so that the growing of wheat is benefited, and the yield is increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of crops, relate in particular to a kind of wheat wide seedling ridge strip cropping method.
Background technology
Wheat is one of world's Three major grain crops, is stabilized in for many years more than 2,000 ten thousand hectares in the cultivated area of China always, also is the main cereal crops of Chinese Huang-Huai-Hai plain plantation.The coordination of individual and group is depended in the formation of wheat yield.The structure of good group structure and formation are conducive to ventilation and penetrating light in colony's canopy, and individual growth is grown healthy and strong, are the bases that wheat yield forms.Planting patterns traditional in the Wheat Production is flat as main with drilling (wire), and as shown in Figure 1, wheat 101, row of seedlings interval 102 all are wire and distribute.Increase and decrease seeding quantity and change line-spacing are one of major measure of artificial regulatory wheat population structure when relying on sowing.Desirable wheat population structure is that the wheat individual plant in the canopy can evenly distribute, and can form light, temperature, water, the fertile growing environment of uniformity, can keep again good ventilation and penetrating light condition.For this reason, although have some places of research report to begin tentative ridge culture planting or broadcast sowing planting patterns without the ridge.But ridge culture planting has increased in meticulous integral body, bedder-planter, the ditch also to be needed with the kind of manually soing with a drill, because cargo handling operation increases, complex operation, wasting time and energy has increased operating cost; Broadcast sowing the mode that the rear rotary tillage of manually sowing seeds is adopted in plantation without the ridge, although simple to operate, but need to increase the wheat sowing quantity, sowing depth is also wayward, cause wheat emerge the growth irregular, and wheat growth middle and later periods group structure is strongly fragrantly covered, the ventilation and penetrating light condition is poor in the canopy, is unfavorable for that disease-resistant wheat is anti-down, affect output formation.Therefore, need not only simple and easy to do, but also can carry out group structure optimization, increase the implantation methods of wheat yield.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of wheat wide seedling ridge strip cropping method, to satisfy exist at present both simple and easy to do, can carry out group structure optimization again, increase the demand of the implantation methods of wheat yield.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides a kind of wheat wide seedling ridge strip cropping method, it comprises broadcasts front preparation link, sowing link, field management link, wherein, during sowing, make seed be equably banded wide row of seedlings and distribute, the width of each wide row of seedlings is 13-20cm, and the line-spacing between the adjacent wide row of seedlings equals the width of wide row of seedlings.
The present invention grows with colony around individual growth and forms the output rapport, for the sowing complex operation that exists in the present wheat planting production, bad and affect ventilation and penetrating light in the canopy, cause the not high problem of output by group structure, method collection provided by the invention is got conventional drilling, Wu Long broadcasts sowing and the advantage of ridge culture, avoided simultaneously its shortcoming, can promote the wheat population structure optimization to make up, improve the ventilation and penetrating light condition in colony's canopy, being conducive to Growth of Wheat increases output, improves the level of resources utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wheat wire plantation schematic diagram according to existing implantation methods;
Fig. 2 is wheat wide seedling ridge strip cropping schematic diagram according to the preferred embodiment of the invention;
The structural representation sketch of the mechanical planting machine that Fig. 3 provides for the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
The arrangement sketch of plough on fore-and-aft direction of the mechanical planting machine that Fig. 4 provides for the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
The plough backsight structural representation of the mechanical planting machine that Fig. 5 provides for the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 shows Different Ways of Planting Wheat in Grain Filling Stage canopy bottom printing opacity situation;
Fig. 7 shows Different Ways of Planting flag leaf during grain filling of wheat photosynthetic rate;
Fig. 8 shows the total stem number of Different Ways of Planting wheat jointing later stage unit are;
Fig. 9 shows Different Ways of Planting wheat during jointing stage later stage leaf area index;
Figure 10 shows Different Ways of Planting Wheat in Grain Filling Stage plant height;
Figure 11 shows the effective mature spike number of Different Ways of Planting wheat aging time unit are;
Figure 12 shows the Different Ways of Planting wheat grain yield.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further details.
Explanation is in advance, and following only the present invention will be described as an example of wheat example, but the present invention is not limited thereto, to those skilled in the art, can not pay creative work, utilizes the present invention to plant other wheat crops.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the wheat planting process, comprise links such as broadcasting front preparation, mechanical planting, field management, timely results, Fig. 2 then shows according to the preferred embodiment of the invention wheat planting schematic diagram, and wherein sowing link is to utilize mechanical planting machine sowing kind shown in Figure 3, makes seed be banded wide row of seedlings 1 and evenly distributes, the width L1 of each wide row of seedlings 1 can be between 13-20cm, be preferably 14-18cm, preferred, be 15cm such as the width L1 of wide row of seedlings 1 among Fig. 2.Line-spacing 2(between the adjacent wide row of seedlings 1 in the present invention, line-spacing refers to the space between the adjacent wide row of seedlings) width L2 equal the width L1 of wide row of seedlings 1, therefore in this preferred embodiment, L1=L2=15cm.In the wide row of seedlings 1, the sowing depth of wheat seed is about 5cm, for example between the 4-6cm.
In order to form planting patterns shown in Figure 2, improve plantation efficient, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is utilized mechanical planting, employed mechanical planting machine as shown in Figure 3, this mechanical planting machine comprises seed-box 3, press wheel 6, a plurality of discharging tube 41-43 and a plurality of plough module 5.A plurality of plough module 5 one words arrange side by side, during practical application, can be determined by the power output of tractor the quantity of plough module 5, and certainly, the quantity of plough module 5 is more, the wide row of seedlings more than 1 of disposable sowing, and sown scope is wider.Press wheel 6 and plough module 5 are corresponding and be positioned at its rear one by one, with suppression soil.Each press wheel 6, a plurality of discharging tube 41-43 are identical with a plurality of plough module 5 structures, so Fig. 3 only indicates one of them.Plough module 5 comprises three ploughs 51,52,53, but is not limited to this. Discharging tube 41,42, an end of 43 are connected in seed-box 3, and the other end is connected in plough 51,52,53 in the plough module 5 so that seed is inputted soil.
In this preferred embodiment, the width L5 of press wheel 6 is more than or equal to the width L3 of plough module 5, the width L5 of press wheel 6 namely is the length of cylindrical press wheel 6, and the width L3 of plough module 5 namely is two ploughs 51 at plough module 5 edges, the distance between the 53 outermost sides.The width L3 of plough module 5 equals the width L1 of wide row of seedlings 1, and the width L4 between the adjacent plough module 5 equals the width L2 of the line-spacing 2 between the adjacent wide row of seedlings 1.Preferably, the width L2 of width L1, line-spacing 2, width L3, width L4, width L5 all equate.
In same plough module 5, as shown in Figure 3, at width, all keep at a certain distance away the resistance when advancing with dispersion plough module 5 between adjacent plough 51 and 52, the plough 52 and 53; As shown in Figure 4, at fore-and-aft direction, the L6 that also keeps at a certain distance away between adjacent plough 51 and 52, the plough 52 and 53, with further minimizing advance resistance and be beneficial to seed dispersal evenly, simplified manufacturing technique, preferably, distance L 6 is 4-6cm.In another embodiment, at width, all has certain coincidence between adjacent plough 51 and 52, the plough 52 and 53, so that the banded wide row of seedlings zonal distribution of Seed Development, but at fore-and-aft direction, must keep at a certain distance away between adjacent plough 51 and 52, the plough 52 and 53, otherwise the sower advance resistance is larger.
In this preferred embodiment, owing to keeping at a certain distance away between adjacent plough 51 and 52, the plough 52 and 53, may cause the seed of plough sowing to form respectively a wire, and can not form the problem of banded wide row of seedlings, for fear of the generation of this problem, be provided with a plurality of projections in the plough cavity of this preferred embodiment.Because each plough structure is identical, therefore Fig. 5 only shows the interior of plough 51, among Fig. 5, be provided with a plurality of protruding 511 in the plough 51, the projection 511 can make wheat seed in the landing process because being subject to stopping the rolling of jumping, in mutually colliding, seed can fall into soil more equably.More preferably, projection 511 is the rib shape.
Seed Development wire for fear of each plough sowing, in the situation that stagger before and after the adjacent plough in the same plough module, plough in the middle of also can making and the plough of both sides overlap, for example the plough width of both sides is 5cm, middle plough width then is 6cm, and middle plough and both sides plough be overlapping 0.5cm respectively.
Based on the consideration of the climatic factors such as illumination of wheat growth in the cycle, when utilizing invention preferred embodiment plantation wheat, be preferably applied to the winter wheat plantation of middle latitude, for example the winter wheat between the north latitude 35-degree-40 °.Sow according to local Suitable Sowing Period and seeding quantity, if before Suitable Sowing Period, sow, just suitably reduce sowing quantity; If behind Suitable Sowing Period, sow, should suitably increase seeding quantity.The mechanical planting machine carries press wheel, sows, suppresses the monommechanization operation, once finishes.The width of wide row of seedlings 1 is 15cm, and the spacing between the adjacent wide row of seedlings 1 (being line-spacing 2) is 15cm, about sowing depth 5cm.
Fig. 6-Figure 12 shows in test of many times, the contrast situation of the many kinds of parameters of the wheat of the wheat of conventional method plantation and the plantation of this preferred embodiment.In Fig. 6-Figure 12, in the two adjacent figure posts, the figure post in left side represents the general planting method, and the figure post on right side represents this preferred embodiment, and abscissa all represents seeding quantity, and unit is " kg/667m
2".In Fig. 6, ordinate represents to throw PAR, and unit is " μ mol/m
2"; In Fig. 7, ordinate represents photosynthetic rate Pn, and unit is " μ mol|CO
2/ m
2/ s "; In Fig. 8, the total stem number of ordinate representation unit area, unit is " ten thousand/667m
2"; In Fig. 9, ordinate represents leaf area index LAI; In Figure 10, ordinate represents plant height, and unit is " cm "; In Figure 11, ordinate representation unit area number of productive ear, unit is " ten thousand/667m
2"; In Figure 12, ordinate represents output, and unit is " kg/667m
2".
In sum, the invention provides the banded mechanical planting implantation methods in a kind of wheat wide seedling ridge, the rotary tillage of key operation link, suppression, sowing, suppression with respect to the general planting method, its main feature is through after rotary tillage, the suppression, adopt wide row of seedlings band seeder sowing, form the wide row of seedlings of 15cm about wide behind the insemination and emergence banded, and the wide line-spacing (distance between the adjacent wide row of seedlings) of 15cm.
Theory analysis reaches repeatedly field test results and shows, the present invention can obtain multinomial outstanding planting effect, for example, be conducive on the whole make up the good wheat population canopy structure of formation, coordinate wheat individual and group relation, improve wheat to the utilization ratio of light, temperature, water, fertile resource, increase disease-resistant wheat worm, lodging-prevention ability, promote the wheat high and stable yields.Be in particular in:
One, has concurrently and disseminate wheat seeding and evenly distribute and drilling ventilation and penetrating light advantage, be conducive to Growth of Wheat.The individuality state that is evenly distributed has been built good Growth of Wheat steric requirements in wide row of seedlings band shape; Between wide row of seedlings, keep again suitable line-spacing, guaranteed the good ventilation printing opacity condition that the wheat healthy growth is required.Under the identical amount of the broadcasting condition, the wheat individuality of wide row of seedlings plantation is dispersed on the face substantially, avoided in wire bar ridge between the wheat individuality gathering around agent and influencing each other because of intensive, individuality is evenly distributed in the row of seedlings, the fertile condition of light warm water improves, and is conducive to individual growth and grows stalwartness, has increased the wheat capacity for the resistance to lodging, suitable line-spacing can guarantee again the ventilation and penetrating light condition that the field is good, is conducive to reduce because of strongly fragrant cover the sick worm incidence of wheat that improper ventilation causes.
Two, be convenient to make up Optimum population, be conducive to photosynthetic active radiation and in colony's canopy, transmit distribution, improved lower leave and be subjected to optical condition, improve the radiation utilization ratio.Growing complete and healthy wheat plant may have three layers or more multi-layered blade, if group structure is unreasonable, the blade of the superiors will be intercepted and captured most of illumination, and lower leave can only obtain a small amount of illumination.When noon sun direct projection, the photosynthetic active radiation of intercepting and capturing by the plant canopy top vane will have 1400 μ mol/m
2/ s or more approximately is 3 times of saturated light intensity, and like this, the solar energy of being intercepted and captured by the upper strata blade has at least 2/3 to be wasted, and lower leave illumination is not enough.The present invention reduces the canopy top vane to the shading of lower leave by changing group structure, has changed luminous energy and has distributed in intragroup transmission, makes more direct light transmissive to the canopy lower blade.Compare with conventional drilling, it is not remarkable that difference is compared in plant height and conventional drilling, but the illumination that wide row of seedlings planting conditions its underpart blade is accepted but increases about 30%, is conducive to output and forms.
Three, wheat coverage increases, and the field bare area descends, and is conducive to reduce evaporation between wheatland, keeps soil moisture, improves water use efficiency.The Water Consumption of Winter Wheat amount mainly by the plant blade face rising with between evaporate two parts and form.Evaporation is a physical process of soil between, and outside the Pass having with the field microclimate situation, the ground cover degree is a key factor that affects evaporation discharge, so evaporation is different with floristics, planting density and vegetal cover degree between.Measurement result shows, before winter wheat turned green, bare area was large, and evaporation accounts for 92% of farmland total evaporation between; Along with the plant strain growth cover degree increases, the ratio of evaporation drops to 68% between after turning green; Jointing later stage to maturation drops to 47%; The ground evaporation between plants in winter wheat time of infertility accounts for 66% of farmland total evaporation.After the plantation of wide row of seedlings, vegetation coverage increases, and its field bare area reduces nearly 50% than conventional strip sowing planting, so an evaporation between the present invention is conducive to reduce keeps soil moisture.
Four, ineffective tillering reduces, and is conducive to improve the resource utilizations such as light warm water fertilizer.Result of the test shows: under identical planting conditions, the ineffective tillering of wide row of seedlings plantation is about 30%, and the ineffective tillering of general planting reaches more than 50%, and wide row of seedlings plantation reduces about 20% than conventional strip sowing planting; The conditions of growth and developments such as individual plant moisture, nutrient are improved, make the boot leaf photosynthetic rate be better than general planting, thereby under the identical amount of broadcasting condition, the unit are number of productive ear shows as wide row of seedlings plantation and is higher than general planting, grain yield increases about 8% than general planting, has improved the resource utilizations such as light warm water fertilizer.
Five, farming is wholely identical with conventional land preparation mode in the actual production before the sowing, and sowing, suppression monommechanization are once finished, and do not increase extra assignment link and fringe cost, wheat growth stage group structure row, ridge are clearly demarcated, be convenient to field management, simple and easy to do, be convenient to the peasant and receive.
As known by the technical knowledge, the present invention can realize by other the embodiment that does not break away from its Spirit Essence or essential feature.Therefore, described disclosed embodiment with regard to each side, all just illustrates, and is not only.All within the scope of the present invention or the change within being equal to scope of the present invention all be included in the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a wheat wide seedling ridge strip cropping method comprises and broadcasts front preparation link, sowing link, field management link, and it is characterized in that, described sowing link may further comprise the steps:
During sowing, make seed be equably banded wide row of seedlings and distribute, the width of each wide row of seedlings is 13-20cm, and the line-spacing between the adjacent wide row of seedlings equals the width of wide row of seedlings.
2. wheat wide seedling according to claim 1 ridge strip cropping method is characterized in that, the width of described wide row of seedlings is 14-18cm.
3. wheat wide seedling according to claim 2 ridge strip cropping method is characterized in that, the width of described wide row of seedlings is 15cm.
4. wheat wide seedling according to claim 1 ridge strip cropping method is characterized in that, described wheat is winter wheat.
5. wheat wide seedling according to claim 1 ridge strip cropping method is characterized in that, it is characterized in that, described method is applied to north of China wheat class main producing region.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103636381A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-19 | 张忠福 | Micro-ridge film-covering hole sowing water-saving cultivation method for closely planted crops in irrigation areas |
| CN104221637A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-24 | 阚立健 | High-yield wheat planting method |
| CN105230305A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业大学 | Cultivation method with high photosynthetic efficiency for crops having concave and convex canopies |
| CN105830618A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-08-10 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Strip plantation method capable of preventing twining of grain ears in mechanical millet harvesting |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN2146108Y (en) * | 1992-10-20 | 1993-11-17 | 左志忠 | Wide sowing-width portable wheat-seeding plough |
| CN101278627A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2008-10-08 | 赵广玉 | Cultivation method for improving yield of wheat |
| CN102498894A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 河南许丰种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating high-quality wheat |
-
2012
- 2012-09-29 CN CN201210376837.7A patent/CN102884926B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2146108Y (en) * | 1992-10-20 | 1993-11-17 | 左志忠 | Wide sowing-width portable wheat-seeding plough |
| CN101278627A (en) * | 2008-05-20 | 2008-10-08 | 赵广玉 | Cultivation method for improving yield of wheat |
| CN102498894A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 河南许丰种业有限公司 | Method for cultivating high-quality wheat |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104221637A (en) * | 2013-06-11 | 2014-12-24 | 阚立健 | High-yield wheat planting method |
| CN103636381A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-19 | 张忠福 | Micro-ridge film-covering hole sowing water-saving cultivation method for closely planted crops in irrigation areas |
| CN105230305A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-13 | 中国农业大学 | Cultivation method with high photosynthetic efficiency for crops having concave and convex canopies |
| CN105830618A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2016-08-10 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Strip plantation method capable of preventing twining of grain ears in mechanical millet harvesting |
| CN105830618B (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2018-12-21 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | A kind of millet mechanical harvesting exempts from the Band texture method of grain ear winding |
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