CN115500225A - Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region - Google Patents
Method for improving taste quality of rice in cold region Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500225A CN115500225A CN202211159947.8A CN202211159947A CN115500225A CN 115500225 A CN115500225 A CN 115500225A CN 202211159947 A CN202211159947 A CN 202211159947A CN 115500225 A CN115500225 A CN 115500225A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions, relates to the field of rice planting, and provides a method for improving the quality of rice in a temperate region of 1900-2300 ℃. The method comprises the following steps: straw returning treatment is carried out before planting, base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer are respectively applied before and after transplanting, spike fertilizer is applied before heading, and irrigation, field drying and re-irrigation are carried out in water management. The method reasonably designs the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content of the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer, regulates and controls the fertilization time and the fertilization amount, and is carried out by adopting a mode of combining water irrigation and field drying according to the climatic conditions of the fourth to sixth temperature accumulating areas in Heilongjiang province. The water-nitrogen coupling rice is suitable for planting rice in alpine regions, particularly the rice variety adopted by the invention.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions.
Background
The rice in the northeast cold region has good quality and large market demand, and is the most important grain crop in the northeast region. Heilongjiang is the largest China japonica rice production province, and the rice planting area is about 4 multiplied by 10 6 hm 2 Occupying the planting area of japonica rice in ChinaAbout 45 percent of the rice is the most important production base of high-quality japonica rice in China.
First zone (2700 ℃ C. Or higher): warm keeping
Ziqi hall, furalar base, an onstream district, jingxing town, tailai county, dulbert county; halbin, bin county, arcity, double city, howland district; daqing red hillock area, datonghi area, zhaoyuan county, zhaoyong county; dongning county, the town of three branches.
Second temperature zone (2500-2700 deg.C): is mild
Longjiang county, gannan county, double river farm, fuyu county, fulu town, longan bridge town, lindian county, dawn county; daqing city; wuchang city, fang zheng county, ylang county; the Suizhua city, qinggang county, tanquixian county, lanxi county; jia wood si city, bethan nan county, bri county, tisuan county, betulina county; the farm is selected from the group consisting of western chicken city, east chicken county, mountain city, 857 farm, 850 farm, xingkui lake farm, jixian county, fujin city, friendship farm, hongxinglong farm, baoqing county and 291 farm.
The third temperature zone (2300-2500 ℃): warm and cool
The fast-growing method comprises the following steps of (1) a Mandarin river city, an Yi' an county, a Keshan county, a Baiquan county, a Mingshi county, a Suizhigu edge county, a Qingan county and a Liuhe farm; a west mountain area, an east mountain area, a square platform area, a 853 farm, a 852 farm, and a Suibion; qitai river city, linkou county, muui county; yanshou county, shanghai city, tonghe county; he gang, baoquanling farm administration; a chicken west pear tree area; tiger forest city, celebration farm; the agriculture bureau of agriculture, san jiang, is built in the same river city, with great prosperity.
Fourth temperature zone (2100-2300 ℃): cold and cool
The light farm is selected from the group consisting of a Yangjiang county, the Jiusan bureau of agriculture, a He mountain farm, a Phoenix mountain farm, a Red May farm, a Rongjun farm, a Zhao light farm, a Helen farm, and a Red light farm; bei an City, ke Dong county; helen, ferro; wudalianchi city; the linen power forestry bureau, the reed river forestry bureau; friendly region of Yin spring, region of Cui Lian, region of Meixi, region of Xilin, region of Dafeng, region of south fork, region of belt ridge, and region of Wumin river; a Qinglongshan farm, a forward farm, an entrepreneur farm, a Hongqinling farm, a victory farm; black river city, xunke county, jiaying county, changsheng county, 855 farm, eastern hong town, cloud mountain farm; raubei county, runhe county.
Fifth temperature zone (1900-2100 deg.C): cold (cold)
Building a side farm, a northeast farm, a mountain river farm, a seven-star bubble farm, a two-dragon mountain farm, a dipping forest bureau and a Hongxing farm; the Huma county, sun Wu county; a chandelian farm, a pioneer farm, an 859 farm, a fuyuan county; the Yichun red star area, the five-ying area, the Xinqing area, the Wuyi mountain area, the Malian forest farm and the Square mountain forest farm; sublingyang town of Sublinghe, harmonizing town.
Sixth temperature zone (1900 ℃ C.): high and cold
A great mountain forest farm, a forest farm in the north of China, a town of Sunwei, a Longmen farm, a Changhe farm, and a great Xing Anling area.
The average temperature in the north of Heilongjiang province is about-1 ℃, and the activity accumulated temperature is more than or equal to 10 ℃ is 1900-2300 ℃. The growth period of rice in the region is only 105-120 d, and the rice is in the fourth, fifth and sixth temperature accumulation zones of the agricultural division of the whole province and is considered as a 'rice planting forbidden zone'. The key points of the national plan for increasing the yield of billions of jin of commercial food are as follows: the change from drought to flood in northeast areas is an effective way to enlarge the planting area of high-yield crop rice and increase yield and efficiency. The increase of the area of the rice in the three Jiang plain of Heilongjiang province is close to saturation, and the strategic significance of the north expansion of the rice is great. Therefore, it is one of the current research directions to improve the rice planting area in the alpine region, especially in the fourth to sixth temperature accumulating zone regions of Heilongjiang province. However, there are few reports on the improvement of rice quality in this region.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving the quality of rice in a temperature zone of 1900-2300 ℃.
The invention relates to a method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions, which is carried out according to the following steps:
step one, pretreatment of a rice field:
before planting, turning the soil of the rice field to a depth of 10-20 cm, and returning crop straws to the field;
step two, rotary tillage is carried out on the base fertilizer to 10-15 cm of soil within 10-15 days before rice transplanting, and the application amount of the compound nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 50-75kg/hm 2 ；
Step three, applying a tillering fertilizer 7-14 days after seedling transplanting, wherein the nitrogen content in the tillering fertilizer is 15-20%, and the phosphorus content is 5-10%; the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 30-50 kg/hm 2 ；
Applying spike fertilizer 10-20 days before heading, wherein the nitrogen content in the spike fertilizer is 20-25%, and the phosphorus content is 5-15%; the application amount of the spike fertilizer is 40-60 kg/hm 2 ；
Step four, water management: after transplanting, keeping the paddy field moist, irrigating until the tillering stage of the rice, after irrigating, performing field drying treatment after the critical leaf age of effective tillering of the rice, wherein hard skin and no pin sinking of soil in the field occur in the field, the area of forked cracks in the field accounts for more than 50% of the total field area, or the number of rice joints in the field is more than 30-35%; after the field drying is finished, watering is carried out again;
the irrigation mode in the rice tillering stage is as follows: before the critical leaf age of effective tillering, irrigating until the average water depth is 10-30 mm;
step four, weeding and pest and disease damage management are carried out during planting;
step five, harvesting;
the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer application amount to the straw returning application amount is 1kg/hm 2 ：(8～15)kg/hm 2 ；
The crop straw is wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (2-3): 1 in proportion;
the temperature accumulating zone of the rice planting area is 1900-2300 ℃.
The effective tillering critical leaf age is (total leaf age of main stem-number of extension internodes).
Furthermore, the crop straws are wheat straws, rice straws, soybean straws, livestock and poultry manure, straw decomposing agents and vinasse according to the mass ratio of (20-30): (20 to 30): 10 (10-30): (2-5) mixing the components (10-20);
furthermore, the crop straws are wheat straws, rice straws, soybean straws, livestock and poultry manure, straw decomposing agents, vinasse and bottom mud of the paddy field in the area to be planted according to the mass ratio of (20-30): (20 to 30): 10 (10-30): (2-5), (10-20): (1-5) are mixed according to the proportion; the bottom sediment of the paddy field in the area to be planted is obtained from the surface layer of the paddy field below 10cm within 1-7 days after the paddy rice is harvested in the previous year.
Furthermore, the length of the crushed crop straws is 5-10 cm, and the crushed crop straws are returned to the field.
Further, the re-irrigation method is as follows: irrigating until the average water depth is 30-50 mm, and supplementing organic fertilizer or special fertilizer for rice.
Further, the tillering fertilizer is applied before the tillering stage of the rice; and the spike fertilizer is applied at intervals of watering again after the field drying is finished.
Further, the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer application amount to the straw returning application amount is 1kg/hm 2 ：(10～15)kg/hm 2 。
Furthermore, the seedling age of the transplanted seedlings is 3-5 leaves, and the seedling height is 12-20 cm.
Furthermore, the density of the seedlings for transplanting is 20-40 holes/m 2 。
Further, the rice variety is black japonica 12, black japonica 7, black japonica 5, black japonica 1518, black cross 931, dragon japonica 2401, dragon japonica 1437, dragon japonica 3033, dragon japonica 4298, dragon Qingdao No. 2 or Longdun 103.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
aiming at the climatic characteristics of the fourth to sixth temperature accumulation zones (1900-2300 ℃) of Heilongjiang province, the invention improves the soil fertility of the planting zone by returning straws to the field so as to improve the quality of rice. The invention creatively adopts the vinasse and the bottom mud of the paddy field in the area to be planted to be matched with the straws for decomposition. By the method, the contents of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the rice planting area in the alpine region can be effectively improved. The method reasonably designs the nitrogen content and the phosphorus content of the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer, regulates and controls the fertilizing time and the fertilizing amount, and is carried out by adopting a mode of combining water irrigation and field drying according to the climatic conditions of the fourth to sixth temperature accumulating areas of Heilongjiang province. The water-nitrogen coupling rice is suitable for planting rice in alpine regions, particularly rice varieties selected by the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the growth state of rice in a plot experiment in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph of rice after maturing in the field plot experiment in example 1.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting a clear understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the description thereof are provided to explain the present invention and not to limit the present invention.
Example 1
The method for improving the taste quality of the rice in the cold region is carried out according to the following steps:
in the embodiment, a field plot experiment is adopted, and random plot groups of plots are arranged; the seedling age of the seedlings transplanted in each cell is 3-5 leaves, and the height of the seedlings is 12-20 cm; the density of the transplanted seedlings is 20-40 holes/m 2 (ii) a And each cell is managed in different districts and is drained and irrigated independently, so that water and fertilizer are prevented from being mixed.
Step one, pretreatment of a rice field:
before planting, turning over the test field (average accumulated temperature of 2000 ℃ per year) in Sunwu county to the depth of 10-20 cm, and returning crop straws to the field;
the crop straw is wheat straw, rice straw, soybean straw, livestock and poultry manure, straw decomposition agent, vinasse and bottom mud of the rice field in the area to be planted according to the mass ratio of 30:30:10:20:5:20:3 in a proportion(ii) a The bottom mud of the paddy field in the area to be planted is obtained from the surface layer of the paddy field by 10-30 cm in 1-7 days after the paddy rice is harvested in the previous year; the crop straw returning amount is 2040kg/hm 2 (ii) a The length of the crushed crop straw is 5-10 cm;
the straw decomposing inoculant consists of a microbial inoculum and an enzyme; the microbial inoculum is prepared by mixing bacillus amyloliquefaciens, cellulose-decomposing xylan monad, trichoderma viride and white rot fungi in a mass ratio of 1; the effective viable count of each bacterium in the microbial inoculum is 2-8 multiplied by 10 10 cfu/g; the amylase activity is 80IU/mL, and the protease activity is 110IU/mL;
step two, rotary tillage is carried out on base fertilizer to 10-15 cm of soil within 10-15 days before rice transplanting, wherein the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 60kg/hm in terms of pure nitrogen 2 ；
The rice variety for transplanting rice is Longjing 2401;
step three, applying a tillering fertilizer 7-14 days after transplanting, wherein the nitrogen content in the tillering fertilizer is 20 percent, and the phosphorus content in the tillering fertilizer is 10 percent; the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 50kg/hm 2 ；
10-20 days before heading, applying heading fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content in the heading fertilizer is 25% and the phosphorus content in the heading fertilizer is 15%; the application amount of the spike fertilizer is 60kg/hm 2 ；
Step four, water management: after transplanting, keeping the rice field without water, keeping the rice field moist, irrigating until the tillering stage of the rice, after irrigating, starting draining water and exposing the field when the tillering seedling number reaches 80-85% of the required spike number, and the number of rice joints pulled out from the field to the field is more than 30-35%; after the field drying is finished, watering is carried out again;
the irrigation mode in the tillering stage of the rice is as follows: before the critical leaf age of effective tillering, irrigating until the average water depth is 10-30 mm; the method for recharging water comprises the following steps: irrigating until the average water depth is 30-50 mm, and supplementing organic fertilizer;
step four, weeding and pest and disease damage management are carried out during planting;
and step five, harvesting.
The yield of Longjing 2401 of the embodiment per hectare is 9015.6 kilograms.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: the rice variety of the rice transplanting is black japonica 1518. The rest is the same as in example 1.
The yield of Longjing 2401 of this example is 8970.3 kg per hectare.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: the rice variety for transplanting rice is black japonica 12. The rest is the same as in example 1.
The yield of Longjing 2401 of the embodiment per hectare is 9102.6 kg.
Example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that: the crop straw is wheat straw, rice straw, soybean straw, livestock and poultry manure, straw decomposition agent and vinasse according to a mass ratio of 30:30:10:20:5:20, and mixing the components in a ratio of 20. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that: the crop straw is wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (2-3): 1 in proportion. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
This example differs from example 1 in that: in the step one, the crop straw is not returned to the field; in the fourth step, the field drying treatment is not carried out. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
This example differs from example 1 in that: the straw decomposing agent in the first step is an Ames straw decomposing agent produced by Ames biotechnology limited in Beijing century. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
This example differs from example 1 in that: step four, water management: after transplanting, keeping the rice field without water, keeping the rice field moist, and irrigating until tillering stage of the rice;
the irrigation mode in the tillering stage of the rice is as follows: before the critical leaf age of effective tillering, irrigating until the average water depth is 10-30 mm.
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
This example differs from example 1 in that: in the second step:
rotary tillage is carried out on base fertilizer to 10-15 cm of soil within 7 days before rice transplanting, wherein the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 60kg/hm in terms of pure nitrogen 2 。
The rest is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
This example differs from example 1 in that: in the third step:
applying tillering fertilizer 15-20 days after seedling transplanting, wherein the nitrogen content in the tillering fertilizer is 20 percent, and the phosphorus content in the tillering fertilizer is 20 percent; the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 50kg/hm 2 (ii) a Applying spike fertilizer within 7 days before heading, wherein the nitrogen content in the spike fertilizer is 25 percent, and the phosphorus content is 15 percent; the application amount of the spike fertilizer is 60kg/hm 2 。
The rest is the same as in example 1.
From the above table, it can be determined that the straw returning, water and fertilizer management and field drying modes adopted in the embodiment 1 can effectively improve the quality of rice, and the method of the embodiment has a better quality improvement effect on the Longjing 2401 with the accumulated temperature of about 2000 ℃ in cold regions. The difference exists between different varieties, so that the final quality performance also has larger difference. It can be seen from examples 4 and 5 that the straw returning method of example 1 has a significant effect on improving the quality of rice. The rice quality of comparative example 1, which was not subjected to straw returning and field drying, was significantly reduced. As can be seen from comparative example 2, the influence of different straw decomposing agents on the quality of rice is not very different. Comparative examples 4 and 5, which employ different fertilizer application patterns, also have a difference in rice quality improvement compared to example 1.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, pretreatment of a rice field:
before planting, turning the soil of the rice field to a depth of 10-20 cm, and returning crop straws to the field;
step two, rotary tillage is carried out on the base fertilizer to 10-15 cm of soil within 10-15 days before rice transplanting, and the application amount of the compound nitrogen fertilizer in the base fertilizer is 50-75kg/hm 2 ；
Step three, applying a tillering fertilizer 7-14 days after seedling transplanting, wherein the nitrogen content in the tillering fertilizer is 15-20%, and the phosphorus content is 5-10%; the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 30-50 kg/hm 2 ；
10-20 days before heading, applying heading fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen content in the heading fertilizer is 20-25%, and the phosphorus content in the heading fertilizer is 5-15%; the application amount of the spike fertilizer is 40-60 kg/hm 2 ；
Step four, water management: after transplanting, keeping the paddy field moist, irrigating until the tillering stage of the rice, drying the paddy field after the critical leaf age period of the effective tillering of the rice, wherein the soil in the middle of drying the paddy field to be dry has hard skin and no sunk feet, and the branched crack area in the field accounts for more than 50 percent of the total field area or the rice pulling number in the field is more than 30 to 35 percent; after the field drying is finished, watering is carried out again;
the irrigation mode in the rice tillering stage is as follows: before the critical leaf age of effective tillering, irrigating until the average water depth is 10-30 mm;
step four, weeding and pest and disease damage management are carried out during planting;
step five, harvesting;
the ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer application amount to the straw returning application amount is 1kg/hm 2 ：(8～15)kg/hm 2 ；
The crop straw is wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw according to the mass ratio of (2-3): (2-3): 1 in proportion;
the temperature accumulating zone of the rice planting area is 1900-2300 ℃.
2. The method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the crop straws are wheat straws, rice straws, soybean straws, livestock and poultry manure, straw decomposition agent and vinasse according to a mass ratio of (20-30): (20 to 30): 10 (10-30): (2-5) and (10-20).
3. The method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the crop straws are wheat straws, rice straws, soybean straws, livestock and poultry manure, straw decomposition agents, vinasse and bottom mud of paddy fields in the regions to be planted according to the mass ratio of (20-30): (20 to 30): 10 (10-30): (2-5) 10-20): (1-5) are mixed according to the proportion; the bottom sediment of the paddy field in the area to be planted is obtained from the surface layer of the paddy field below 10cm within 1-7 days after the paddy rice is harvested in the previous year.
4. The method for improving the taste quality of rice in cold regions according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the length of the crushed crop straws is 5-10 cm, and the crushed crop straws are returned to the field.
5. The method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the re-irrigation is performed by: irrigating until the average water depth is 30-50 mm, and supplementing organic fertilizer or special fertilizer for rice.
6. The method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions according to claim 1, wherein the tillering fertilizer is applied before tillering stage of rice; the ear fertilizer is applied at the interval of watering again after the field drying is finished.
7. The method of claim 1 for improving cold areaThe method for improving the taste quality of rice is characterized in that the ratio of the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer to the application amount of straw returning is 1kg/hm 2 ：(10～15)kg/hm 2 。
8. The method for improving the taste quality of the cold region rice according to claim 1, wherein the seedling age of the transplanted rice is 3-5 leaves, and the height of the rice is 12-20 cm.
9. The method for improving the taste quality of the cold region rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling density of the transplanted seedling is 20-40 holes/m 2 。
10. The method for improving taste quality of rice in cold regions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice variety is black japonica 12, black japonica 7, black japonica 5, black japonica 1518, black cross 931, longjing 2401, longjing 1437, longjing 3033, longjing 4298, longqing rice 2 or Longdun 103.
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