CN117281037B - Selenium-enriched wheat breeding method for improving tillering rate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a selenium-enriched wheat breeding method for improving tillering rate, belonging to the field of cross breeding. The novel wheat variety with high tillering capacity and high selenium content is obtained by carrying out hybridization breeding on the existing wheat silicon valley 826 with high spike number and high tillering rate and the wheat Qin Zi No. 25 of Yangmai and selenium-enriched wheat, wherein the stems are strong and resistant to lodging, the plant height is 80-95cm, the tillering number is 7-10, the spike number per mu is generally 23-30 ten thousand, the spike number is 95-100, the height can reach 206 grains, the thousand grain weight is 48-52g, and the volume weight is 780-806g/L. The wheat variety has high single plant spike forming rate and high spike and grain yield, and is expected to break through the aim of 2000-3000 jin/mu.

Description

Selenium-enriched wheat breeding method for improving tillering rate

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of cross breeding, and particularly relates to a selenium-enriched wheat breeding method for improving tillering rate.

Background

Wheat is a generic name of wheat plants, is a gramineous plant widely planted in all parts of the world, has caryopsis as one of main foods for human beings, and can be used for making foods such as bread, steamed bread, biscuits, noodles and the like after being ground into flour; after fermentation, beer, alcohol, vodka, or biomass fuel can be produced. Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, minerals, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A, vitamin C, etc. Wheat is an important grain crop in China, the yield and the consumption account for a large part of the total grain amount in China, is a staple food for northern residents in China, and plays a role in agricultural production and national economy. As the national conditions and land of more people and less land in China are continuously reduced, the contradiction between wheat supply and demand is more and more prominent.

The existence modes of selenium in nature are divided into two types: inorganic selenium and organic selenium. Inorganic selenium is generally referred to as sodium selenite and sodium selenate and is obtained from the ore powder by-products of metal reserves containing elemental selenium. The organic selenium is formed by combining selenium with amino acid through biological transformation, and is generally in the form of selenomethionine. Selenium is a trace element necessary for human body, and the distribution of selenium on the earth surface is very unbalanced, and about 72% of China lacks selenium, and especially, the partial areas of 15 provincial autonomous regions from northeast to southwest constitute a 'selenium-deficient zone'. Selenium can participate in the synthesis of protein and is easy to store and absorb in tissues; can be rapidly utilized by human body after being absorbed by the human body, and can effectively improve the selenium status of blood in the human body.

At present, the selenium supplement by eating is recognized as the most direct, effective, economic and safe selenium supplement way in the world. Selenium is defined by the world health organization and the China medical society as a third major trace nutrient health-care element which is necessary to be supplemented after iodine and zinc in twenty-first century, and the selenium plays roles in resisting oxidation, delaying aging, detoxification, anti-pollution and protecting liver and hematopoietic system in human body; preventing cell aging, reducing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, preventing canceration, improving immunity, etc. Therefore, the selenium-enriched wheat with the health care effect is deeply favored by people, and has very good market prospect.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art and aiming at the huge market demands, the application develops a selenium-enriched super wheat breeding method, which specifically comprises the following steps:

1) Carrying out sexual hybridization by taking the orchid No. 6 as a female parent and the Qin Zi No. 1 as a male parent to produce hybrid seeds, measuring the selenium content in mature wheat grains, and screening wheat strains F1-1 with the selenium content of the grains larger than 150 ppm;

2) Sexual hybridization is carried out by taking poplar 25 as female parent and silicon grain 826 as male parent, producing hybrid seeds, and screening wheat strains F1-2 with tiller number more than 10;

3) And re-crossing F1-1 and F1-2 to obtain F2 generation, screening strains with selenium content of more than 150ppm and tiller number of more than 10 in each seed, performing interspecific hybridization, separating the obtained F3 offspring, and screening and harvesting the strains with selenium content of more than 150ppm and tiller number of more than 10 in each seed to obtain a new selenium-enriched wheat variety with high tiller rate.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

emasculation: pinching the female parent head and removing the female parent tail, shearing off the top of the spike with scissors, breaking off the lower part of the spike, shearing off each small spike in the middle of the spike, removing the small glume in the middle of the small spike, only leaving the big glumes on two sides, pinching out and removing three cyan stamens in the left glumes with forceps, and then sleeving with paper bags and fixing with paper clips.

Pollination: cutting off the male parent's spike from the plant, cutting off each small spike from the middle part to expose stamens, cutting off the upper end of the female parent bag, making into a cylinder by hand, inverting the male parent into the cylinder, manually twisting around the female parent spike by hand, sealing the dictation powder of the paper bag with a straight pin, writing a label, and marking the time of the male parent and pollination.

Further, the multi-crossing includes the steps of: sowing the male parent, sowing the female parent in the middle of the male parent, sowing the female parent at the side of the ground for about 20 meters, selecting female parent spike for emasculation and not covering paper bags in the next 4 months, and carrying out propagation pollination by using wind media.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

before sowing, the seeds are sun-dried for 2-3 days in order to kill the bacteria on the surfaces of the seeds, improve the germination rate and enhance the germination vigor and uniformity. Then 50mL of 3% diphenoxylate, 20mL of 2.5% chlorpyrifos when happy, 20mL of 50% phoxim and 200-250mL of water are mixed to obtain a sterilizing liquid, the coated seed dressing 10 kg is placed into the sterilizing liquid for soaking, and then the seed dressing is dried in the shade for about 2 hours for standby sowing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the wheat No. 6 orchid is winter wheat, has strong stems, short stems, difficult lodging, large yield, full grain, more than 100 grains per spike, short pollination time and easy sterile plant occurrence.

Qin Zi 1 the seed is purple black, has strong stalks and lodging resistance, has the characteristics of high protein, high dietary fiber and high yield and disease resistance, and has the content of iron, zinc and selenium higher than 70 percent of common white wheat, and the nutritional value is named national color wheat festuca.

Silicon grain 826 is a new wheat strain successfully obtained by seven years of breeding by Hebei silicon grain agricultural science institute and Hebei silicon grain fertilizer company limited, and is happily harvested again in the year. The new system is mainly characterized by dwarf, large spike and more tillers. The present year shows that the stalk is short and resistant to lodging, and the plant height is only 50 centimeters; the number of the large grains is more, the highest number of the grains reaches 180 grains, and the average grain number of each grain is 80-90 grains; thousand grains are close to conventional wheat, and each thousand grains reach 38-40 g.

Yangmai 25 is a spring wheat variety, and is equivalent to Yangmai 20 of a control variety in 202 days of full growth period. The seedlings are half creeping, strong in tillering force and vigorous in growth. The plant type is compact, leaves are lifted, the ear layers are tidy, the plant height is 83 cm, the lodging resistance is good, and the maturing phase is good. Spike spindle shape, long mango, white shell, red grain, oval grain, semi-hard-powdery and full grain. The number of spikes per mu is 33.0 thousand spikes, the number of spikes is 38.9, and the thousand grains weight is 38.8 g.

According to the method, the existing wheat silicon valley 826 with high spike number and high tillering rate and the wheat Qin Zi with raised grain 25 and selenium enrichment are subjected to hybridization breeding to obtain new wheat varieties with high tillering capacity and high selenium enrichment content, the stems are strong and resistant to lodging, the plant height is 80-95cm, the tillering number is 10-15, the spike number per mu is generally 23-30 ten thousand, the spike number is 95-100, the high grain weight can reach 206 grains, the thousand grain weight is 48-52g, and the volume weight is 780-806g/L. The wheat variety has high single plant spike forming rate and high spike and grain yield, and is expected to break through the aim of 2000-3000 jin/mu.

Detailed Description

Other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, which describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to specific examples. The invention may be practiced or carried out in other embodiments that depart from the specific details, and the details of the present description may be modified or varied from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the following embodiments and features in the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.

Example 1: carrying out sexual hybridization by taking orchid 6 as a female parent and Qin Zi 1 as a male parent to produce hybrid seeds, measuring the selenium content in mature wheat grains by a method in GB/T5009.93, and screening to obtain 7 total wheat strains F1-1 with the grain selenium content of more than 150ppm, wherein the selenium content is 172ppb, 164ppb, 179ppb, 298ppb, 211ppb, 169ppb and 184ppb respectively;

sexual hybridization is carried out by taking poplar 25 as female parent and silicon grain 826 as male parent, so as to obtain hybrid seeds, and 15 wheat strains F1-2 with tiller number more than 10 are selected, wherein 15 wheat strains are 15, 12, 14, 13, 12, 11, 14, 13 and 11;

re-crossing F1-1 and F1-2 to obtain F2 generation, screening to obtain 14 wheat plants with selenium content of more than 150ppm and tillering number of more than 10 per grain, performing interspecific hybridization on the 14 wheat plants, sowing male parent in the middle of the male parent, sowing female parent in the middle of the male parent, selecting female parent spike for emasculation without paper bag for propagation pollination on the 20 th month of the next year, and screening to obtain F3 offspring to obtain new variety of selenium-enriched wheat with high tillering rate 998, wherein the selenium content of each grain is more than 150ppm and the tillering number is more than 10, and the new variety of selenium-enriched wheat is obtained by screening and harvesting.

During hybridization, the female parent is pinched off the head and the tail, the top of the spike is cut off by scissors, the lower part of the spike is broken off, each small spike in the middle of the spike is cut off in the middle, then the small glume in the middle of the small spike is removed, only the big glume on two sides is left, then the three cyan stamens in the left glume are pinched off by forceps, and then the three cyan stamens are sleeved by paper bags and fixed by paper clips. Cutting off the male parent's spike from the plant, cutting off each small spike from the middle part to expose stamens, cutting off the upper end of the female parent bag, making into a cylinder by hand, inverting the male parent into the cylinder, manually twisting around the female parent spike by hand, sealing the dictation powder of the paper bag with a straight pin, writing a label, and marking the time of the male parent and pollination.

Before sowing, the seeds are sun-dried for 2-3 days in order to kill the bacteria on the surfaces of the seeds, improve the germination rate and enhance the germination vigor and uniformity. Then 50mL of 3% diphenoxylate, 20mL of 2.5% chlorpyrifos when happy, 20mL of 50% phoxim and 200-250mL of water are mixed to obtain a sterilizing liquid, 10 kg of coated seed dressing is put into the sterilizing liquid for soaking, and then the seed dressing is dried in the shade for about 2 hours for standby sowing. And (3) preparing seed clusters of 2 seeds placed at intervals of 10-20 cm at one time by using a wheat seed braiding machine during sowing.

The stem of the rice seedling growing machine is strong and resistant to lodging, the plant height is 80-95cm, the tillering number is 10-15, the per mu spike forming rate is generally 23-30 ten thousand, the spike grain number is 95-100, the height can reach 206 grains, the thousand grain weight is 48-52g, the volume weight is 780-806g/L, and the selenium content is 150-300ppb. 248 days in the growth period, 10 months 1-20 days in the proper sowing period, overwintering in the middle of 11 months, turning green before and after 2 months 25 days, rising before and after 3 months 5 days, entering the jointing period before and after 3 months 20 days, entering the booting period before and after 4 months 5 days, beginning to pollinate in the flowers in 15 days of 4 months, entering the grouting in 2 days of 4 months, entering the milk ripening in 25 days of 5 months, and entering the wax ripening period in 5 days of 6 months.

The characteristic of the school duty 998 is that the tillering and spike forming rate is extremely high, and the overwintering seedlings have strong creeping winter property, so the seedlings need to be timely and early sown so as to improve the population and the spike number per mu. Sowing quantity: 3 to 3.5 jin of No. 1 to 5 per mu in 10 months; 3.5-4 jin of No. 5-10 per mu in 10 months; 4-4.5 jin of 10 months and 10-15 # per mu; 4.5-5 jin of No. 15-20 per mu for 10 months; 5-6 jin of No. 20-25 per mu in 10 months; 6-10 jin of No. 25-30 per mu in 10 months; 8-10 jin per mu for 11 months 1-5.

The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. A selenium-enriched wheat breeding method with high tillering rate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) Carrying out sexual hybridization by taking the orchid No. 6 as a female parent and the Qin Zi No. 1 as a male parent to produce hybrid seeds, measuring the selenium content in mature wheat grains, and screening wheat strains F1-1 with the selenium content of the grains larger than 150 ppm;

2) Sexual hybridization is carried out by taking poplar 25 as female parent and silicon grain 826 as male parent, producing hybrid seeds, and screening wheat strains F1-2 with tiller number more than 10;

3) And re-crossing F1-1 and F1-2 to obtain F2 generation, screening strains with selenium content of more than 150ppm and tiller number of more than 10 in each seed, performing interspecific hybridization, separating the obtained F3 offspring, and screening and harvesting the strains with selenium content of more than 150ppm and tiller number of more than 10 in each seed to obtain a new selenium-enriched wheat variety with high tiller rate.