CN102318496A - Corn cross-pollination yield-increasing planting method - Google Patents
Corn cross-pollination yield-increasing planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102318496A CN102318496A CN201110244072A CN201110244072A CN102318496A CN 102318496 A CN102318496 A CN 102318496A CN 201110244072 A CN201110244072 A CN 201110244072A CN 201110244072 A CN201110244072 A CN 201110244072A CN 102318496 A CN102318496 A CN 102318496A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a corn cross-pollination yield-increasing planting method. The quantity of corn top flowers is controlled on a premise that pollination requirements are satisfied. A cross-pollination method is adopted to satisfy the requirement on the normal pollination of corns. Inflorescences which generate pollens are cut off to prevent the pollens from being generated and formed. All nutrition for forming the pollens is intensively transferred for growing more ears and more fruit bodies to improve the quality of the corns and increase the yield. Since the nutrition wasted by the corns for generating the pollens is transferred for growing more ears and more fruit bodies, the quality of the corns is improved and the yield is increased; the balanced application of the nutrition and the absorption by the corns are facilitated and the yield can be increased by 30 percent to 50 percent; and the farmland is effectively utilized, the potential of the land with limited area is exerted to the utmost extent, the growth, the development and the maturity of crops are enabled to reach optimum states and the economic benefit is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to International Classification of Patents AO1G gardening or arviculture technical field, the different strain pollination of especially a kind of corn yield-increasing planting method.
Background technology
Corn is the annual cereal of annual bluegrass undergraduate course (Poaceae) maize family (Maydeae), formal name used at school Zea mays, originate from north, in, South America.Plant is tall and big, and stem is strong, and is straight and upright.Leaf is narrow, and the edge is wavy and big, the alternate in the both sides of stem.Give birth on male flower inflorescence spike top.Female flower flower fringe armpit is given birth to, ripe subsequent valley fringe, and the thick axis of tool develops into two row's seeds after the paired file of small ear.Grain ear is outer by the abnormal leaf of multilayer, is called foreskin.Seed is edible.Chromosome number is 10 pairs in the somatic cell of dliploid milpa.So the columns of corn is generally even column.Per 100 gram nutrient composition contents comprise heat 106.00 kilocalories, carbohydrate 22.80 grams, fat 1.20 grams, protein 4.00 grams, cellulose 2.90 grams;
Class of trade is mainly divided according to the quality of seed, is divided into horse tooth kind, hard kind, powder seed, explosion kind and waxy corn, sweet corn etc.Seed top depression causes because of the aridity of hard starch of seed and soft starch is unequal.It is few that flint corn contains soft starch, do not cave in top, dry back.Flour corn mainly contains soft starch, and opaque is prone to pulverize.Sweet corn is sent out wrinkle, and is transparent, and sugar is not converted into starch.Pop corn is the extreme form of jadeite rice, and seed is little and hard, does not contain soft starch, and ICW expands during heating, the seed explosion.Can improve the corn type with good hybridization between selfed lines.
Corn is used as feed, food and the raw material of industry, and many regional as main food, but nutritive value is lower than other cereal, and protein content is also low, and lacks Yan oxalic acid, as if with corn being the then easy pellagra of suffering from of main food.The glutelin matter of corn is low, is inappropriate for and manufactures bread.In Latin America, corn is widely used as azymous corn-dodger.
Except that edible, corn also is the primary raw material of industrial alcohol and liquor.The seed processing mode has multiple: wet grinding is that seed was soaked in rare sulfurous acid solution 40～60 hours; Universe mill method is with spraying or steam the seed short-term to be soaked; Fermentation method is that starch is converted into sugar, adds yeast again and makes sugar change alcohol into.Other part purposes of plant is also quite extensive: cornstalk is used for papermaking and system wallboard; Bract can do packing material and the braiding of grass skill; Corncob can be made fuel, also is used for making industrial solvent, and cauline leaf is except that being used as animal feeding-stuff, or the biogas generating pit good raw material.
The root of form corn is the system of fibrous root, except that radicle, also grows the joint root from stipes: be called underground joint root, general 4～7 layers from what underground joint root grew; Claim nodose root, aerial root again from the joint root that basistipe on the ground grows, general 2～3 layers.1～4.5 meter of plant height, stalk is cylindrical.Complete stool generally has 15～22 on leaf, and blade is wide and long, the normal undulate of leaf margin.Flower is unisexuality, monoecism.Male flower is born in the top of plant, is panicle; Female flower is born in the axil at plant middle part, is spadix.Tassel is bloomed and was generally weaved silk Zao 3～5 days than female flower.
Corn happiness temperature, the optimum temperature of seed sprouting is 25～30 ℃.Shooting stage is average daily more than 18 ℃.From earing to blooming average daily 26～27 ℃.Grouting and maturation need remain on 20～24 ℃; Be lower than 16 ℃ or be higher than 25 ℃, the amylase activity is influenced, causes seed grouting bad.Corn is a short day crop, and sunshine duration is in 12 hours, and is ahead of time ripe.The long-day delay of then blooming, even can not tie fringe.Corn all can be grown on sandy loam, loam, clay.
Ordinary maize kind method for planting is the growth of giving free rein to, artificial control seeding row spacing, every mu of 3000-3500 strain, dense planting in the 4500-5000 strain; 30003500 strains can grow two corncob, one is that big fringe, one are small ears, claims one and half usually.Dense planting can only grow a corncob the 4500-5000 strain.
The biological characteristic of corn be top 6 leaves with down on the ground the 3rd all have in each leaf sheath more than the joint one can the fully-developed plumule; Because corn will produce a large amount of pollen and accomplish pollination in the process of accomplishing growth; Pollination is to lean on natural wind-force that the pollen nature that blows off is scattered on the beard of corncob and realizes; Need to produce a large amount of pollen and could satisfy the pollination of self, the formation of pollen need consume the nutrition of whole plant about 70%.Therefore but cause the more fully-developed plumules of corn can not normal development because of lacking nutrition, the every strain of dense planting more than 4000 strains can only grow a corncob.
More agronomist is managing to study blade deflation shape kind, but therefore every mu of dense planting obtains more output to 5000 strains like this, and this is current for obtaining the technical scheme that corn with high yield compares the forward position.This technical scheme is the purpose that the strain number of every mu of increase reaches raising the output; Because too dense planting influences the photosynthesis of crop; Increased the strain number but all be the only fringe of individual plant, but about about 10 of late variety fully-developed plumule, but about about 6 of early-maturing variety fully-developed plumule; It is thus clear that the only fringe of the individual plant of dense planting has only only utilized effective plumule of 1/10th; 70% of plant nutrition that pollen consumes has lost most nutrition; The effect of increasing production that is obtained just whole plant nutrition 30% in; If 50% transfer to scion to what form nutrition that pollen consumes and the eldest son comes up in fact, not only can improve the original quality of corn, can also reach better effect of increasing production.
Patent application document improving the corn yield increasing technical elements discloses less; For example: 201,010,188,934 1 kinds of corn planting methods of number of patent application number of patent application; It may further comprise the steps: whole ground, seed selection, sowing, fertilising, thinning, and following method is adopted in described sowing: the line width 80-90cm of sowing row; In every sowing row, three caves are one kind and plant group that group is apart from 28-35cm; In every plantation group, the cave is apart from 2-4cm, single cave individual plant.
200,810,011,129 1 kinds of corn yield increasing kinds of number of patent application method for planting is characterized in that: during sowing, be a pair of with two ridges, an adjacent side is opened inclined to one side ditch on two ridges respectively, and the 5.0～10.0cm place that departs from platform center, ridge the row of spacing in the rows such as carries out and broadcasts.Conventional wait line-spacing ridge culture, do not change operating type and program, do not change farm machinery, do not increase under any condition of cost not changing, reach and the close effect of increasing production of planting patterns such as " two than empty ", " big micro-ridge ".
200,910,218,020 1 kinds of corn planting methods of number of patent application belong to the crop genetics in the agricultural technology field.May further comprise the steps: seed selection, seed soaking, whole ground, fertilising, sowing, field management, described sowing be with the seed kind on the edge of table of ridge, and ridge kind on the ridge platform left side; Be adjacent the ridge kind on the ridge platform the right; The two strains in every cave, linearly plant apart from 30～50cm in length and breadth in the cave.
200,810,160,124 1 kinds of kind method for planting that improve waxy corn output and quality of number of patent application; Comprise basal dressing, sowing, field planting, once topdress, diseases prevention worm, secondary such as topdress, gather at link; Be characterized in: select fertile soil; Irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the good sandy loam soil of ventilating uses sufficient base manure.General 20 kilograms of nitrogen fertilizer applications of mu, 9 kilograms in phosphate fertilizer, 4.5 kilograms in potash fertilizer, 0.3 kilogram of potassium sulphate; Be stabilized in 16-17 degree centigrade with upper seeding wheel at temperature, every mu with kind of a 1.5-2 kilogram, and density field planting 0.4 ten thousand strains are advisable; Once topdress fertile kind, the same base manure of fertile amount during the phase at seedling stage to toy trumpet; Dispenser in good time; When corn is just eared, carry out secondary and topdress, fertile kind, fertilizing amount are with topdressing for the first time; Can gather in general pollination back in 20-28 days.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of kind method for planting that makes corn with high yield, especially control pollen amount with the trophic transfer of pollen to many knot fringes real method of son how long.
Goal of the invention of the present invention realizes through following technical measures: control corn poppyhead quantity is prerequisite to satisfy pollination, and the mode that adopts different strain to pollinate satisfies the normal pollination of corn; The titbit that produces pollen is cut away, stop the generation and the formation of pollen, concentrate the whole nutrition that form pollen to transfer to many knot fringes how long son is real and, improve the quality and increase output of corn.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: with the pollens nutrition of corn waste transfer to many knot fringes how long son real on, with the quality that improves corn with increase output.Help the nutrient equilibrium and use and Maize Absorption, rate of growth can reach 30%-50%.Effectively utilize arable area, on limited soil, the potential that performance is maximum makes the crop growth maturation reach optimum state, has improved economic benefit greatly.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, further set forth the present invention.
The present invention will form 70% nutrition that pollen consumes and better distributed, under the condition that satisfies the corn pollination, the trophic transfer of this part to many knot fringes how long son real on, improve the quality and increase output of corn.
The present invention, control corn poppyhead quantity is prerequisite to satisfy pollination, the mode that adopts different strain to pollinate satisfies the normal pollination of corn; The titbit that produces pollen is cut away, stop the generation and the formation of pollen, concentrate the whole nutrition that form pollen to transfer to many knot fringes how long son is real and, improve the quality and increase output of corn.
It is more to realize among the present invention that the mode of pollinating can be chosen measure; As
The titbit that produces pollen is cut away, stay 1 strain to generate titbit with the 2-10 strain, the pollen that produces with this headdress flower wadding is the plumule pollination that cuts the plant of titbit;
The titbit that produces pollen is cut away, and the specific pollen that comes with specific plantation or collection is the plumule pollination that cuts the plant of titbit;
The pollen amount of corn generation is big doubly a lot of more than the amount that the reality pollination needs, and the pollen amount that effective pollination needs has been wasted less than the pollen more than 5%, 90% of pollen amount that plant produces.Therefore, the formation of control pollen, with its trophic transfer how long focus on fringe with son real on, not only can effectively increase production, can also improve the quality of corn.
Draw following result through the trophic transfer scientific experimentation: 1. the intravaginal plumule of corn is can fully-developed; 2. pollen occupies plant nutrition components in proportions about 70%.
The test plant adds up to 19 joints, near ground aerial root 4 joints, and single no plumule 7 joints in top; But the fully-developed plumule has 8, and result of the test grows 8 corncob.
The corn idiotrophic distributes: leaf, stem stalk, corncob respectively account for 1/3rd, and promptly 30% 1/3rd; Pollen accounts for 70% of whole strain nutrition, and the self-sow before not controlling trophic transfer is a fringe, accounts for 10% nutrient, and the nutrition that the pollen of increase by 70% shifts should increase by 7 fringes, amounts to 8 of knot fringes.
Through actual tests checking, 8 fringes as a result, wherein terminal 4 are significantly less than 4 on top, and this is that the plant apical dominance causes, and corncob has tangible size discrimination from top to bottom.
Evidence; The whole strain nutritive proportion of pollen consumption is about 70%, and the nutrition of controlling and make full use of this part can effectively increase output, can also improve the quality of corn.
Core of the present invention be with the pollens nutrition of corn waste transfer to many knot fringes how long son real on, with the quality that improves corn with increase output.
The present invention only needs reasonably to control pollen amount just can reach its intended purposes, has kept the primary characteristic of corn ecosystem, and has improved its quality, and effect of increasing production is obvious.
Certainly, among reality, also should be noted that relevant item.For example, the suitable soil pH of corn is 5～8, and is the righttest with PH6.5～7.0.The salt tolerant alkali ability is poor, and particularly chlorion is caused harm greatly to corn.Corn is a high-yield crop, and fertilizer requirement is bigger, must the rational application of fertilizer could satisfy corn at the needs of whole growing to nutrient, sprays new high fat film and improves the active ingredient rate that fats up greatly.According to test, produce 100 kilograms of corn seeds, need 2.5 kilograms in nitrogen, need 1 kilogram in phosphorus, need 2.1 kilograms in potassium.If 500 kilograms of corns of per mu yield, mu needs about 33 kilograms in urea, or 50 kilograms of ammonium nitrates, 31 kilograms of superphosphate, 13 kilograms of potassium sulphates.
In addition, the three phases of corn growth needs fertile quantitative proportion different, and accounting for seedling stage needs 2% of fertile total amount, and the fringe phase accounts for 85%, and the grain phase accounts for 13%.Corn to the big flared horn phase, is to need fertile peak period from jointing, accomplishes the rational application of fertilizer during fertilising, i.e. base fertilizer, seed manure, the combination of topdressing; Nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer combine; Farming fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, bio-bacterial manure combine, and cooperate the strong fringe spirit of sprinkling to increase corn thousand kernel weight.Base fertilizer will use sufficient, and this is the basis, and general mu is executed 2000 kilograms of the fertilizers that become thoroughly decomposed, 7.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxides, and potash fertilizer is made base fertilizer for 5.5 kilograms.It is not high to apply level at base fertilizer, seed manure, and the soil fertility condition is relatively poor, can topdress in 6～7 leaf phases of corn in the plot of plantation late variety, and mu chases after about 15 kilograms in urea, chases after deeply more than 15 centimetres, improves chemical fertilizer utilization ratio; Base fertilizer, seed manure apply the high plot of level, and mu chases after about 10 kilograms in urea.Corn topdresses and will carry out early, and method one is to topdress in the front, and time ground, back topdresses and time ground will combine; The 2nd, the hole that digs with a pick chases after more than 15 centimetres deeply; When topdressing, chemical fertilizer and bio-fertilizer to combine, promote root system well to grow, generally speaking, mu chases after 10～15 kilograms in urea, adds 1 kilogram of bio-bacterial manure, can promote the corn premature ripening.In the pustulation period at heading stage, mu is converted 50 kilograms in water with 0.25 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5 kilogram of urea, carries out foliage-spray, can prevent bald point, lack grain, increases output, improves the quality.The organic food corn can not be made base fertilizer with the most handy fertilizer that ferments of chemical fertilizer, topdresses and uses cake fertilizer; Steadily and lasting, effect is better than chemical fertilizer to fertilizer efficiency, and reserve strength is long; But when topdressing, cake fertilizer and crop seedling keep suitable distance, in order to avoid the heat calcination seedling that produces during cake fermentation.
Claims (3)
1. the different strain of corn pollination yield-increasing planting method, it is characterized in that: control corn poppyhead quantity is prerequisite to satisfy pollination, adopts the mode of different strain pollination to satisfy the normal pollination of corn; The titbit that produces pollen is cut away, stop the generation and the formation of pollen, concentrate the whole nutrition that form pollen to transfer to many knot fringes how long son is real and, improve the quality and increase output of corn.
2. the different strain pollination of corn as claimed in claim 1 yield-increasing planting method is characterized in that, the titbit that produces pollen is cut away, and stays 1 strain to generate titbit with the 2-10 strain, and the pollen that produces with this headdress flower wadding is the plumule pollination that cuts the plant of titbit;
3. the different strain pollination of corn as claimed in claim 1 yield-increasing planting method is characterized in that, the titbit that produces pollen is cut away, and the specific pollen that comes with specific plantation or collection is the plumule pollination that cuts the plant of titbit;
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106612842A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Maize yield-increasing and fertilizing method |
| CN110809930A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-02-21 | 王振玉 | Innovative environment-friendly technology for returning straws to field |
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| CN1219349A (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 1999-06-16 | 莱州市农业科学院 | Method for production of maize hybrid seeds |
| CN101507413A (en) * | 2009-04-01 | 2009-08-19 | 北京金色农华种业科技有限公司 | Corn hybrid breeding method |
| CN101731138A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-16 | 李新村 | Compact corn seed producing method |
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2011
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Patent Citations (4)
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| CN1152391A (en) * | 1996-10-21 | 1997-06-25 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for selective breeding maize hybrid |
| CN1219349A (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 1999-06-16 | 莱州市农业科学院 | Method for production of maize hybrid seeds |
| CN101731138A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-16 | 李新村 | Compact corn seed producing method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106612842A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-05-10 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | Maize yield-increasing and fertilizing method |
| CN110809930A (en) * | 2019-06-26 | 2020-02-21 | 王振玉 | Innovative environment-friendly technology for returning straws to field |
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