CN105900832A - Grass breeding method - Google Patents

Grass breeding method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105900832A
CN105900832A CN201610432599.5A CN201610432599A CN105900832A CN 105900832 A CN105900832 A CN 105900832A CN 201610432599 A CN201610432599 A CN 201610432599A CN 105900832 A CN105900832 A CN 105900832A
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China
Prior art keywords
herbage
semen maydis
grass
breeding method
generation hybridization
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CN201610432599.5A
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CN105900832B (en
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覃云
甘海涛
覃彬
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Guangxi Hengxian Xingyun Animal Husbandry Co Ltd
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Guangxi Hengxian Xingyun Animal Husbandry Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a grass breeding method. The technological steps of the grass breeding method comprise that (1) grass and corn are planted according to the planting manner of one row of grass and one row of corn; (2) the flowering time is grasped, the grass and the corn are flowered simultaneously, and natural hybridization pollination is performed; (3) first generation hybrid grass seeds are obtained after the grass flowering phase, and full first generation hybrid grass seeds are selected for use; (4) the first generation hybrid grass seeds are used for planting first generation hybrid grass; (5) the corn is planted among rows of the first generation hybrid grass, the flowering time is grasped, the grass and the corn are flowered simultaneously, and natural hybridization pollination is performed; second generation hybrid grass seeds are obtained after the grass flowering phase; (6) full second generation hybrid grass seeds are selected, and grass breeding is completed. Grass planted through the grass seeds with the breeding method is high in yield, large in leaf quantity, brittle in straw and good in palatability, and the sugar content can be as high as 5%.

Description

A kind of breeding method of herbage
Technical field
The present invention relates to pasture growing technical field, the breeding method of a kind of herbage.
Background technology
At present; herbage is the important feed of herbivorous animal; high yield, the selection-breeding of high quality forage are premise and the bases developing efficient animal husbandry; but desertified by vegetation and seasonal variations is affected; China much local large-scale cultivation herbage is developed by drastic delimitations; subject matter is that natural forage is limited or put domestic animal in a suitable place to breed and cause vegetation deterioration and water and soil to run off in a large number, and grassland area constantly reduces, and causes China's domestic animal cultivation to be difficult to scale.For the problem overcoming herbage deficiency, people have employed artificial growth herbage, but, a large amount of kinds used in China's pasture industry at present, rye grass such as winter, the Herba Medicaginis in summer and teosinte (Mexico's fodder maize) etc. still rely on to a great extent to be introduced from external, and the forage plants breeding level of China self is the most relatively low, the kind not only quantity being bred as is few, and be the wild species of directly domestication mostly, product quality is the highest, and the agronomy production traits is undesirable, far from meeting the needs of production.Because forage germplasm resources research is not enough, breeding method falls behind, the reasons such as benign epilepsy is unsound, then uses the herbage that traditional implantation methods planted, and yields poorly, of poor quality, leaf amount is little, stem stalk is harder, and palatability is poor.Accordingly, it would be desirable to the breeding method of a kind of herbage that can improve forage yield, the forage yield cultivated is high, leaf amount is big, stem stalk is more crisp, good palatability.Open source literature also reports the producing method for seed of some herbages, such as:
1, Chinese patent: the cross-breeding method of a kind of forage maize, application number: 201010195719.7, the applying date: 2010.06.01, applicant: Sichuan Agricultural University, address: 625014 YAAN RAIN CITY DISTRICT Xin Kang roads, Sichuan Province 46, inventor: Zhou Shufeng, Tang pray woods, Rong Tingzhao, Pan Guangtang, Lan Hai, Gao Shibin, Zhang Mingqiang, Zheng Mingmin, summary: this disclosure of the invention cross-breeding method of a kind of forage maize.This invention provides producing method for seed, and for teosinte as male parent, Maize Tri-crossed Hybrid is that hybridization of female parent prepares forage maize SC2 seed.The step of described hybridization is as follows: 1) time interval sowing male parent and female parent, it is thus achieved that has the male parent at florescence interval and has florescence interval female parent;2) to step 1) obtain described in have florescence interval female parent carry out hormone spraying and go tassel to obtain plant height and Ear height reduce goes tassel maternal;3) step 2 is sheared) bract going tassel maternal that reduces of the described plant height that obtains and Ear height is maternal before obtaining pollination;4) acquisition step 1) obtain described in there is the pollen of male parent at florescence interval, authorize step 3 by described pollen) obtain described pollination before maternal cultivate after obtain forage maize SC2 seed.This invention it is demonstrated experimentally that the plant of the forage maize SC2 seed plantation obtained by this method is the graminous pasture of high-quality.
2, Chinese patent: the method for a kind of karst Gui Mu No.1 hybridization grassiness planting, application number: 201410114378.4, the applying date: 2014.03.25, applicant: the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, address: long-range two tunnel, 410125 Furong Districts, Changsha, Hunan 1071, inventor: Peng Wanxia, Song Tongqing, Zeng Fuping, He Tieguang, Du Hu, Song Min, summary: the method for a kind of karst of this disclosure of the invention Gui Mu No.1 hybridization grassiness planting, step: (1) late Febuary or early March sowing;(2) transplant April, with executing calcium magnesium phosphate as base manure, spacing in the rows 60cm, line-spacing 60cm before transplanting;(3) nitrogen fertilizer application: nitrogenous fertilizer is carbamide (leaded wastewater is 46%), presses 125kg hm-2 for the first time and adds, apply in annual June, July, JIUYUE, October for the second to five time after transplanting, each amount of application is 125~375kg hm-2.(4) cradle: 7 to November carry out annual grass-cutting treatment to herbage, cradle 2~4 times, and the time interval cradled is about 35~100 days, and Defoliation rate is for cradle away from plant root 5~35cm.The method is easy, easy and simple to handle, and Gui Mu No.1 hybridization grassiness photosynthetic capacity is strong, yield is high, quality better, and readily available nutrient of soil content is higher.Therefore, the method can effectively be alleviated karst alleviation people and animals and strive grain contradiction as the prefered method of Karst Area herbage planting, promote the sustainable development of agricultural.
It has been investigated that herbage producing method for seed disclosed above, the herbage obtained uses traditional planting technology again, and plantation forage yield out is the highest, and stem stalk is harder, and palatability is slightly worse.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the breeding method of a kind of herbage, the forage yield that the grass seed sowing plantation that beneficially this breeding method obtains obtains is high, leaf amount is big, stem stalk is more crisp, good palatability.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of breeding method of herbage, the processing step of employing is as follows:
(1) by the planting patterns of a line herbage a line Semen Maydis by herbage and maize seed to the field put in order or ground;
(2) grasp flowering time, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, allow the pollen of Semen Maydis naturally waft on the spica of herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
(3) obtaining first generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence, the first generation hybridization grass seed selecting full grains is standby;
(4) properly plant in the coming year to be seeded in the field or ground put in order by standby first generation hybridization grass seed in season of herbage and obtain first generation hybridization herbage;
(5) at the maize planting in the ranks of first generation hybridization herbage, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, the pollen allowing Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination, obtains second filial generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence;
(6) select the second filial generation hybridization grass seed of full grains, i.e. complete the breeding of herbage.
The selection kind of described herbage is that osmanthus herds No. one, and Guimu-1 Hybrid Pennisetum urpureum Shi Wo district scientific and technical personnel, from the beginning of 1992, are male parent with dwarf elephant grass, and hybrid pennisetum is that female parent carries out sexual hybridization, through the novel herbage of one of selection-breeding for many years.Have the advantages that yield is high, quality is good, leaf amount is big, quality is soft, good palatability, utilization rate are high.It is bred as provide new more excellent forage grass kind source for my district or even south China development grain-saving type herbivorous stock raising fishery.My various places, district popularizing planting in recent years, is welcome by the masses deeply.
The selection kind of described Semen Maydis be Hua Zhen, Hua Zhen be peasant's seedling limited company 1991 autumn, with " ky188 " make female parent, the super Corn Single-Cross Stock that " ky99 " assembles as male parent.Maternal ky188 is the autumn in 1989 to be introduced super corn variety (SC-H08) by University of Hawaii, separates through offspring and selects that plant strain growth is strong, cold-resistant, the elite plant of resistance to lodging, through the selfing of five generations, the selfing line being bred as.Male parent ky99 is the spring in 1988 is introduced super corn variety (SC-L01) by Louisiana university, separate through offspring and select that plant strain growth is strong, leaf dark green, the fine individual plant of resistance to lodging, through the selfing of five generations, the selfing line being bred as.
The time of described spontaneous pollination is between mid-November to mid-December, therefore when maize planting, according to the growth cycle of Semen Maydis, determines the sowing implantation time of Semen Maydis, it is ensured that Semen Maydis is to bloom between mid-November to mid-December.
The Planting Row Distance of herbage and Semen Maydis is 0.5-1 rice.
Described field management includes the fertilising cradled with herbage and Semen Maydis of herbage, ensure that the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, the height of herbage also to keep consistent with the height of Semen Maydis, and the beneficially pollen of Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, forms natural hybridization pollination.
Yield in order to make herbage holding stable is high, leaf amount is big, stem stalk is more crisp, the gene of good palatability, second filial generation hybridization grass seed sowing plantation is utilized to obtain second filial generation hybridization herbage, maize planting in the ranks in second filial generation hybridization herbage, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, the pollen allowing Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, form spontaneous pollination, obtain third generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence, the third generation of full grains is hybridized grass seed as grass seeds.Can not be again with third generation hybridization grass seed planting forage grass and corn hybridization, if to obtain forage yield low in hybridization, Nutrient matter is the lowest.
The invention have the benefit that
1, the breeding method of the present invention is simple, utilize osmanthus to herd No. one and obtain first generation hybridization grass seed with corn hybridization, first generation hybridization grass seed sowing plantation is utilized to obtain first generation hybridization herbage, first generation hybridization herbage obtains second filial generation hybridization grass seed again with corn hybridization, select the second filial generation hybridization grass seed of full grains, the forage yield that sowing plantation obtains is high, leaf amount is big, stem stalk is more crisp, good palatability.
2, the herbage that the grass seed sowing plantation utilizing the present invention to obtain obtains, per mu yield in 60-70 days is up to 14-15 ton, and stem stalk is solid, big 4 centimetres of stem stalk diameter, and fresh and crisp, the sugar content of cane is up to more than 5%, animal good palatability.
3, the herbage leaf amount that the grass seed sowing plantation utilizing the present invention to obtain obtains is big, is the most all dark green, and other herbage is when growing to certain altitude, and the leaf of bottom can turn to be yellow.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiments of the invention, being clearly and completely described the technical scheme in invention, described embodiment is only the part of the present invention rather than whole embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Yield is high, leaf amount is big, stem stalk is more crisp, the grass seed of good palatability to use following processing step can get.
(1) by the planting patterns of a line herbage a line Semen Maydis by herbage and maize seed to the field put in order or ground;
(2) grasp flowering time, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, allow the pollen of Semen Maydis naturally waft on the spica of herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
(3) obtaining first generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence, the first generation hybridization grass seed selecting full grains is standby;
(4) properly plant in the coming year to be seeded in the field or ground put in order by standby first generation hybridization grass seed in season of herbage and obtain first generation hybridization herbage;
(5) at the maize planting in the ranks of first generation hybridization herbage, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, the pollen allowing Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination, obtains second filial generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence;
(6) select the second filial generation hybridization grass seed of full grains, i.e. complete the breeding of herbage.
The kind of described herbage is that osmanthus herds No. one.
The kind of described Semen Maydis is Hua Zhen.
The time of described spontaneous pollination is between mid-November to mid-December.
The Planting Row Distance of herbage and Semen Maydis is 0.5-1 rice.
Described field management includes the fertilising cradled with herbage and Semen Maydis of herbage, herbage is cradled, until Semen Maydis grow to the same with herbage high time, herbage and Semen Maydis are applied fertilizer simultaneously, dose is consistent, it is ensured that the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, and the height of herbage also to keep consistent with the height of Semen Maydis, the pollen being beneficial to Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, forms natural hybridization pollination.
Embodiment 2
Yield is high, leaf amount is big, stem stalk is more crisp, the grass seed of good palatability to use following processing step can get.
(1) by the planting patterns of a line herbage a line Semen Maydis by herbage and maize seed to the field put in order or ground;
(2) grasp flowering time, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, allow the pollen of Semen Maydis naturally waft on the spica of herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
(3) obtaining first generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence, the first generation hybridization grass seed selecting full grains is standby;
(4) properly plant in the coming year to be seeded in the field or ground put in order by standby first generation hybridization grass seed in season of herbage and obtain first generation hybridization herbage;
(5) at the maize planting in the ranks of first generation hybridization herbage, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, the pollen allowing Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination, obtains second filial generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence;
(6) select the second filial generation hybridization grass seed of full grains, i.e. complete the breeding of herbage.
(7) second filial generation hybridization grass seed sowing plantation is utilized to obtain second filial generation hybridization herbage, maize planting in the ranks in second filial generation hybridization herbage, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, the pollen allowing Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, form spontaneous pollination, after treating the herbage florescence, obtain third generation hybridization grass seed;Select the third generation hybridization grass seed of full grains, i.e. complete the breeding of herbage.
The kind of described herbage is that osmanthus herds No. one.
The kind of described Semen Maydis is Hua Zhen.
The time of described spontaneous pollination is between mid-November to mid-December.
The Planting Row Distance of herbage and Semen Maydis is 0.5-1 rice.
Described field management includes the fertilising cradled with herbage and Semen Maydis of herbage, herbage is cradled, until Semen Maydis grow to the same with herbage high time, herbage and Semen Maydis are applied fertilizer simultaneously, dose is consistent, it is ensured that the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, and the height of herbage also to keep consistent with the height of Semen Maydis, the pollen being beneficial to Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, forms natural hybridization pollination.
Application Example
1, animal husbandry company of Hengxian County, the method utilizing the present invention carries out breeding to herbage, utilize osmanthus to herd No. one and obtain first generation hybridization grass seed with corn hybridization, first generation hybridization grass seed sowing plantation is utilized to obtain first generation hybridization herbage, first generation hybridization herbage obtains second filial generation hybridization grass seed again with corn hybridization, second filial generation hybridization grass seed is grass seeds, the forage yield utilizing the sowing plantation of this grass seeds to obtain is high, it is beneficial to cattle manure apply fertilizer, often within 60-70 days, cradle once, every mu averagely obtains 14.2 tons of herbage, stem stalk is more crisp, the sugar content of cane is up to 5.13%, good palatability, milch cow cries to be liked eating, stem stalk diameter 4 centimetres.
Described above is not limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is also not limited to examples detailed above, those skilled in the art, in the essential scope of the present invention, the change made, retrofits, adds or replaces, all should belong to protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. the breeding method of a herbage, it is characterised in that: the processing step of employing is as follows:
(1) by the planting patterns of a line herbage a line Semen Maydis by herbage and maize seed to the field put in order or ground;
(2) grasp flowering time, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, allow the pollen of Semen Maydis naturally waft on the spica of herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
(3) obtaining first generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence, the first generation hybridization grass seed selecting full grains is standby;
(4) properly plant in the coming year to be seeded in the field or ground put in order by standby first generation hybridization grass seed in season of herbage and obtain first generation hybridization herbage;
(5) at the maize planting in the ranks of first generation hybridization herbage, ensured that by field management the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of Semen Maydis, the pollen allowing Semen Maydis wafts naturally on the spica of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination, obtains second filial generation hybridization grass seed after treating the herbage florescence;
(6) select the second filial generation hybridization grass seed of full grains, i.e. complete the breeding of herbage.
The breeding method of herbage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the kind of described herbage is that osmanthus herds No. one.
The breeding method of herbage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the kind of described Semen Maydis is Hua Zhen.
The breeding method of herbage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the time of described spontaneous pollination is between mid-November to mid-December.
The breeding method of herbage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described field management includes the fertilising cradled with herbage and Semen Maydis of herbage.
The breeding method of herbage the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the Planting Row Distance of herbage and Semen Maydis is 0.5-1 rice.
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107018794A (en) * 2017-06-13 2017-08-08 德阳原野农牧有限责任公司 The implantation methods of milk cow grassland herbage
CN108739114A (en) * 2018-06-08 2018-11-06 甘肃宏顺通农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of breeding method of high protein ecology grass seed
CN108990795A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-14 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 A kind of breeding method of herbage
CN109122298A (en) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-04 西藏农牧学院 A kind of breeding method of herbage
CN110915634A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-03-27 凤台雁福农业发展有限公司 Forage grass planting method for ram raising
CN113228871A (en) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-10 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Method for constructing fertile plough layer by planting Guimu No. I and application

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107018794A (en) * 2017-06-13 2017-08-08 德阳原野农牧有限责任公司 The implantation methods of milk cow grassland herbage
CN108739114A (en) * 2018-06-08 2018-11-06 甘肃宏顺通农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of breeding method of high protein ecology grass seed
CN108990795A (en) * 2018-08-31 2018-12-14 西藏自治区农牧科学院草业科学研究所 A kind of breeding method of herbage
CN109122298A (en) * 2018-09-28 2019-01-04 西藏农牧学院 A kind of breeding method of herbage
CN110915634A (en) * 2019-10-16 2020-03-27 凤台雁福农业发展有限公司 Forage grass planting method for ram raising
CN113228871A (en) * 2021-05-14 2021-08-10 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Method for constructing fertile plough layer by planting Guimu No. I and application
CN113228871B (en) * 2021-05-14 2023-10-20 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 Method for constructing fertile plough layer by using Guimu first planting and application

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