CN108990795A - A kind of breeding method of herbage - Google Patents

A kind of breeding method of herbage Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108990795A
CN108990795A CN201811008287.7A CN201811008287A CN108990795A CN 108990795 A CN108990795 A CN 108990795A CN 201811008287 A CN201811008287 A CN 201811008287A CN 108990795 A CN108990795 A CN 108990795A
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China
Prior art keywords
herbage
grass
seed
grass seed
generation
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CN201811008287.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
秦爱琼
旦增塔庆
桑旦
周娟娟
魏巍
刘云飞
史睿智
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Institute Of Grass Industry Sciences Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
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Institute Of Grass Industry Sciences Tibet Academy Of Agricultural And Animal Husbandry Sciences
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Priority to CN201811008287.7A priority Critical patent/CN108990795A/en
Publication of CN108990795A publication Critical patent/CN108990795A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/70Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in livestock or poultry

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of breeding methods of herbage, comprising the following steps: S1 selects the grass seed of full grains, free from insect pests to plant, grass seed is seeded into soil;S2 sows a line sweet sorghum seed between two adjacent row grass seeds;S3 grasps flowering time, guarantees that herbage is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass by field management, allows the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, form spontaneous pollination;S4 obtains first generation hybridization grass seed to the herbage florescence later;S5 sows first generation hybridization grass seed to obtain first generation hybridization herbage;S6 sows a line sweet sorghum seed between adjacent two row first generation hybridization grass seed;S7 obtains second generation hybridization grass seed to the herbage florescence later;Second generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into herbage to be obtained in soil, i.e. completion forage plants breeding by S8.The forage yield that grass seed after breeding of the present invention is sowed is high, leaf amount is big, animal palatability is good.

Description

A kind of breeding method of herbage
Technical field
The present invention relates to pasture growing technical field, the breeding method of specifically a kind of herbage.
Background technique
Herbage refers generally to the grass used for the livestock of raising or other herbaceous plant.It is not only required containing domestic animal in herbage Various nutriments, also containing to the especially important crude fibre of ruminant domestic animal health is maintained, this is grain and other feed institutes It is irreplaceable.Good forage grass can satisfy the nutritional need of general domestic animal completely, if not in production or fattening period, one As need not be supplemented fine fodder.It is many experiments have shown that, if the quality of forage grass is too low, no matter supplement how many fine fodder, the milk yield of ox It is all on a declining curve, however the forage plants breeding level in China itself is also lower at present, the herbage product quality of incubation is not high, agronomy The production traits is undesirable, far from meeting the needs of production, then the herbage planted using traditional breeding method, low output, It is of poor quality, leaf amount is small, stalk is harder, palatability is poor.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of breeding method of herbage that can improve forage yield, The forage yield cultivated is high, leaf amount is big, stalk is more crisp, and palatability is good.
Summary of the invention
A kind of breeding method of herbage provided by the invention, the forage yield height of the grass seed plantation after breeding, quality Height, leaf amount is more, stalk is more crisp, palatability is good, moreover it is possible to which plantation is provided with the sugar grass that the mankind eat, and not only meets the need of animal It asks, while ensure that food for the survival of mankind, improve breeding efficiency.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of breeding methods of herbage, comprising the following steps:
S1 selects the grass seed of full grains, free from insect pests to plant, and basks seeds, and grass seed is pressed spacing in the rows 50-70 Centimetre, 1.5-3 meters of line-spacing are seeded into soft soil;
S2 sows a line sweet sorghum seed, in the sweet sorghum seed described in every row between two adjacent row grass seeds The spacing of adjacent sweet sorghum seed is 40-60 centimetres;
S3 grasps flowering time, guarantees that the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass by field management, It allows the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination;
S4 obtains first generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the first generation of full grains is selected to hybridize herbage Seed is spare;
First generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into soft soil according to implantation methods described in S1 and obtains first by S5 Generation hybridization herbage;
S6, according to implantation methods described in S2, sowing a line sweet tea is high between adjacent two row first generation hybridization grass seed Fine strain of millet seed;Then flowering time is grasped, guarantees that the first generation hybridizes the flowering time of herbage and opening for sugar grass by field management It takes time consistent, allows the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of first generation hybridization herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
S7 obtains second generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the second generation of full grains is selected to hybridize herbage Seed is spare;
Second generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into be obtained in soft soil herd according to implantation methods described in S1 by S8 Grass completes the breeding of herbage;
Wherein, the field management includes the fertilising of herbage cradled with herbage and sugar grass, guarantees blooming for herbage Time is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass, and the height of herbage and the height of sugar grass will be also consistent, conducive to sugar grass Pollen is floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, forms natural hybridization pollination.
Preferably, the grass seed be ryegrass seed, purity >=95% of the grass seed and sweet sorghum seed, It is selected to carry out progress before broadcasting palpus, germination percentage is 90% or more, and to guarantee to emerge after broadcasting neatly, growth of seedling is healthy and strong.
Preferably, the implantation time of the grass seed is selected in late February of the lunar calendar between late March, the sweet tea The sowing time of sorghum seeds is selected in the late May of the lunar calendar between late June.
Preferably, it after grass seed emergence, to be cut weeds in time and thinning, and when the grass seed is sowed Obtained herbage is applied fertilizer after growing to 20 cm heights or more, can be cradled one or two moon once, and each plane earth cradles, It cradles every time latter 7-10 days, to top dressing 35kg-45kg per acre.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer that the fertilising and top dressing use cow dung, chicken manure, pig manure decomposed.
Compared with prior art, the breeding method of herbage provided by the invention, has the advantages that
A kind of breeding method of herbage of the invention can plant the sweet tea for being provided with the mankind and eating while carrying out forage plants breeding Sorghum, not only meets the demand of animal, while ensure that food for the survival of mankind, the grass seed sowing after breeding Obtained forage yield is high, leaf amount is big, stalk is more crisp, and the sugar content of stem is up to 5% or more, and animal palatability is good, crude protein The nutritive values composition such as content, crude fat, crude fibre is big, can directly feed and not need additive, and animal system can be improved, and increases Strong immunity can prevent and treat common disease and epidemic virus.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below, but should not be construed as limitation of the invention.It is following The test method of actual conditions is not specified in embodiment, operates usually according to normal condition, due to not being related to inventive point, thus it is not right Its step is described in detail.
A kind of breeding method of herbage provided by the invention includes following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
A kind of breeding method of herbage, comprising the following steps:
S1 selects the osmanthus of full grains, free from insect pests to herd No.1 grass seed and plant, and basks seeds, and grass seed is pressed 50-70 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 1.5-3 meters of line-spacing are seeded into soft soil;
S2 sows a line sweet sorghum seed, in the sweet sorghum seed described in every row between two adjacent row grass seeds The spacing of adjacent sweet sorghum seed is 40-60 centimetres;
S3 grasps flowering time, guarantees that the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass by field management, It allows the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination;
S4 obtains first generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the first generation of full grains is selected to hybridize herbage Seed is spare;
First generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into soft soil according to implantation methods described in S1 and obtains first by S5 Generation hybridization herbage;
S6, according to implantation methods described in S2, sowing a line sweet tea is high between adjacent two row first generation hybridization grass seed Fine strain of millet seed;Then flowering time is grasped, guarantees that the first generation hybridizes the flowering time of herbage and opening for sugar grass by field management It takes time consistent, allows the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of first generation hybridization herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
S7 obtains second generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the second generation of full grains is selected to hybridize herbage Seed is spare;
Second generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into be obtained in soft soil herd according to implantation methods described in S1 by S8 Grass completes the breeding of herbage;
Wherein, the field management includes the fertilising of herbage cradled with herbage and sugar grass, guarantees blooming for herbage Time is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass, and the height of herbage and the height of sugar grass will be also consistent, conducive to sugar grass Pollen is floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, forms natural hybridization pollination.
It should be noted that be cut weeds in time and thinning after grass seed emergence, and when the grass seed is broadcast The herbage that kind obtains is applied fertilizer after growing to 20 cm heights or more, can be cradled one or two moon once, and each plane earth cradles, 7-10 days after cradling every time, to top dressing 35kg-45kg per acre.
Embodiment 2
A kind of breeding method of herbage, comprising the following steps:
S1 selects the osmanthus of full grains, free from insect pests to herd No.1 grass seed and plant, and basks seeds, and grass seed is pressed 50-70 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 1.5-3 meters of line-spacing are seeded into soft soil;
S2 sows a line sweet sorghum seed, in the sweet sorghum seed described in every row between two adjacent row grass seeds The spacing of adjacent sweet sorghum seed is 40-60 centimetres;
S3 grasps flowering time, guarantees that the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass by field management, It allows the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination;
S4 obtains first generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the first generation of full grains is selected to hybridize herbage Seed is spare;
First generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into soft soil according to implantation methods described in S1 and obtains first by S5 Generation hybridization herbage;
S6, according to implantation methods described in S2, sowing a line sweet tea is high between adjacent two row first generation hybridization grass seed Fine strain of millet seed;Then flowering time is grasped, guarantees that the first generation hybridizes the flowering time of herbage and opening for sugar grass by field management It takes time consistent, allows the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of first generation hybridization herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
S7 obtains second generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the second generation of full grains is selected to hybridize herbage Seed is spare;
Second generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into be obtained in soft soil herd according to implantation methods described in S1 by S8 Grass completes the breeding of herbage;
S9 sows a line sweet sorghum seed, in the sweet sorghum seed described in every row between two adjacent row grass seeds The spacing of adjacent sweet sorghum seed be 40-60 centimetres, grasp flowering time, by field management guarantee herbage flowering time and The flowering time of sugar grass is consistent, and the pollen of sugar grass is allowed to be floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, spontaneous pollination is formed, to herbage Phase obtains third generation hybridization grass seed later, selects the third generation of full grains to hybridize grass seed spare;
S10, according to implantation methods described in S1 by the third generation hybridization grass seed be seeded into it is to be obtained in soft soil Herbage completes the breeding of herbage;
Wherein, the field management includes the fertilising of herbage cradled with herbage and sugar grass, guarantees blooming for herbage Time is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass, and the height of herbage and the height of sugar grass will be also consistent, conducive to sugar grass Pollen is floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, forms natural hybridization pollination.
It should be noted that be cut weeds in time and thinning after grass seed emergence, and when the grass seed is broadcast The herbage that kind obtains is applied fertilizer after growing to 20 cm heights or more, can be cradled one or two moon once, and each plane earth cradles, 7-10 days after cradling every time, to top dressing 35kg-45kg per acre.
In order to verify effect of the invention, We conducted following applications.
One, Application Example
Application Example
Tibet region animal husbandry company, using the embodiment of the present invention 1 method to herbage carry out breeding, using rye grass with Sugar grass hybridizes to obtain first generation hybridization grass seed, obtains the first generation using first generation hybridization grass seed sowing plantation and hybridizes Herbage, first generation hybridization herbage hybridize to obtain second generation hybridization grass seed again with sugar grass, and second generation hybridization grass seed is Grass seeds, the forage yield sowed using the grass seeds is high, applies fertilizer conducive to the decomposed organic fertilizer of cow dung, chicken manure, pig manure, often It cradles within 50 days once, each plane earth cradles, and 8 days after cradling every time, to top dressing 40kg per acre, averagely obtains herbage per acre 15.8 tons, stalk is more crisp, and stalk diameter reaches 4-5 centimetres, and the sugar content of stem is up to 5.83%, and palatability is good, and milk cow especially likes Vigorously eat.
It should be noted that involved in the present invention when numberical range, it is thus understood that two endpoints of each numberical range with And any one numerical value can be selected between two endpoints, repeat in order to prevent, description of the invention preferred embodiment and Effect, although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, once a person skilled in the art knows substantially creative Concept, then additional changes and modifications can be made to these embodiments.So it includes preferred that the following claims are intended to be interpreted as Embodiment and all change and modification for falling into the scope of the invention.
Obviously, various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from essence of the invention by those skilled in the art Mind and range.In this way, if these modifications and changes of the present invention belongs to the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies Within, then the present invention is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of breeding method of herbage, which comprises the following steps:
S1 selects the grass seed of full grains, free from insect pests to plant, and basks seeds, and grass seed is pressed 50-70 lis of spacing in the rows Rice, 1.5-3 meters of line-spacing are seeded into soft soil;
S2 sows a line sweet sorghum seed between two adjacent row grass seeds, adjacent in the sweet sorghum seed described in every row The spacing of sweet sorghum seed is 40-60 centimetres;
S3 grasps flowering time, guarantees that the flowering time of herbage is consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass by field management, allows sweet tea The pollen of sorghum is floatd naturally onto the flower spike of herbage, forms spontaneous pollination;
S4 obtains first generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the first generation of full grains is selected to hybridize grass seed It is spare;
First generation hybridization grass seed, is seeded into soft soil that obtain the first generation miscellaneous according to implantation methods described in S1 by S5 Hand over herbage;
S6 sows a line sugar grass kind between adjacent two row first generation hybridization grass seed according to implantation methods described in S2 Son;Then flowering time is grasped, guarantees that the first generation hybridizes flowering time and when the blooming of sugar grass of herbage by field management Between it is consistent, allow the pollen of sugar grass floatd naturally onto the flower spike of first generation hybridization herbage, form spontaneous pollination;
S7 obtains second generation hybridization grass seed later to the herbage florescence, the second generation of full grains is selected to hybridize grass seed It is spare;
Second generation hybridization grass seed is seeded into herbage to be obtained in soft soil according to implantation methods described in S1 by S8, Complete the breeding of herbage;
Wherein, the field management includes the fertilising of herbage cradled with herbage and sugar grass, guarantees the flowering time of herbage Consistent with the flowering time of sugar grass, the height of herbage and the height of sugar grass will be also consistent, conducive to the pollen of sugar grass Naturally it floats onto the flower spike of herbage, forms natural hybridization pollination.
2. a kind of breeding method of herbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the grass seed is rye grass seeds Son, purity >=95% of the grass seed and sweet sorghum seed, broadcast must before carry out it is selected, germination percentage 90% or more, Neat to guarantee to emerge after broadcasting, growth of seedling is healthy and strong.
3. a kind of breeding method of herbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after the grass seed emergence, It is cut weeds and thinning, and is applied after the herbage that the grass seed is sowed grows to 20 cm heights or more in time Fertilizer can cradle once one or two moon, and each plane earth cradles, 7-10 days after cradling every time, to top dressing 35kg- per acre 45kg。
4. a kind of breeding method of herbage according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the fertilising and top dressing use ox The decomposed organic fertilizer of excrement, chicken manure, pig manure.
CN201811008287.7A 2018-08-31 2018-08-31 A kind of breeding method of herbage Pending CN108990795A (en)

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