CN101889539A - Method for preparing high-yield hybrid corn seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing high-yield hybrid corn seeds and belongs to the field of the production of crop hybrid seeds. A multi-generation selfing purification method is adopted, a selfing line TB4 used as a female parent is matched with a Change 7-2 corn selfing line used as a male parent to produce the hybrid corn seeds through hybridization. The seeds have the characteristics of high quality, high yield, disease resistance, and wide adaptability, and are an ideal breed for current corn production.

Description

A kind of producing method for seed of high-yield hybrid corn kind

Technical field:

The present invention relates to the seed production technique of corn hybrid seed, belong to the field of agriculture seed selection new varieties.

Background technology:

Corn is the high yield cereal crops, also is valuable forage crop.The Maize Production development of nearly 30 years China is very fast, and area under cultivation expands 34584.15 ten thousand mu in 2000 to towards 23747.2 ten thousand mu of the seventies, and per mu yield is increased to 306.49 kilograms in 2000 from 139.1 kilograms of the seventies, increases by 120.3%.The raising of per unit area yield removes and enriches fertilizer, outside the measure of prevention and elimination of disease and pests is strengthened, so the major measure that the corn hybrid seed of high yield also is volume increase is promoted in seed selection. and the requirement of the update of China's corn variety is still extremely urgent.

Summary of the invention:

The object of the invention is to accelerate the speed of the update of China's corn variety, improve constantly China's maize yield, satisfy under the present different ecological environment Maize Production to the requirement of corn variety, and the producing method for seed of producing high yield and high quality hybrid maize kind is provided.

A kind of producing method for seed of high-yield hybrid corn kind is realized by following measure:

The hybridization combination newly of adopting the seed selection of SCA combining ability test group to form is combined as TB4 * prosperous 7-2, and maternal " TB4 " is selected from 614 variation individual plants to form through continuous selfed breeding.Male parent: prosperous 7-2 is the corn kind among hybridization production the present invention outer drawing.

The seed seed yellow of using producing method for seed of the present invention to produce, white axle solids type, seedling leaf sheath purple, leaf green, leaf margin green.In the seedling gesture, the plant type compactness, about 260 centimetres of plant heights, about 95 centimetres of fringe positions become about 20 of the strain numbers of blade.The plant type compactness, the long narrow light situation that is subjected to of blade is good, and fringe and cane angle are little, and the fringe handle is longer.The tassel prosperity, branch is more, coetonium green, the flower pesticide yellow, the filigree green, fruit ear is tapered, about 20 centimetres of spike lengths, tassel row number 14-16 is capable, thick 5.1 centimetres of fringe, thick 2.6 centimetres of axle.Cob white, the seed yellow, the grain type is the horse flute profile, thousand kernel weight 360 grams, seed-producing rate 87.6%.High anti-multiple diseases, the dark green succulence of plant, the bar maturation of living, high resistance to fold.

Live variety comparative test of summer in 2007 is amounted to 678.5 kilograms of per mu yields and is amounted to 611.5 kilograms of per mu yields than CK Zheng Dan 958, volume increase 11.0%.

Live test of our unit's summer in 2008 is amounted to 662.5 kilograms of per mu yields and is amounted to 615.3 kilograms of per mu yields than CK Zheng Dan 958, volume increase 7.7%.

It is live to be fit to cornfield interplanting and summer, waits the capable cultivation of line-spacing or width, summer sowing 4500-5000 strain/mu.Date of seeding, is by the end of May at the beginning of 6 months, about 98 days breeding times.Gently execute seed manure, heavy dressing ear manuer is mended granules application fertilizer.Multiple diseases such as the little leaf spot of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, smut, bacterial wilt, smut, virus disease, rust, attention control aphid and corn borer.

Embodiment:

The specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

One, chooses the seed farm piece

Seed farm should select that irrigation and drainage are unobstructed, sandy loam quality, previous crops are precocious early rice or plot such as peanut, vegetables, so that ahead of time wholely; Secondly isolation condition will be got well, and requires can not plant other corn variety within 500 meters of seed farms, and strictness prevents to go here and there powder and influences seed purity.

Two, rationally arrange date of seeding, enlarge the row ratio, increase maternal strain number

Father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 4 among the present invention, maternal thickness of sowing 4000-4500 strain/mu, and maternal and 2/3 male parent are broadcast in male parent thickness of sowing 1000-1200 strain/mu the same period, broadcast other 1/3 male parent after 3 days.Every bunch planting kind 3-4 grain stays 2 strains at last.

Maternal: TB4 inbred line summer production of hybrid seeds 4500-5000 strain/mu.Sowing in one 6 months by the end of May.About 100 days breeding times, about 180 centimetres of plant heights, about 80 centimetres of fringe positions, plant type compactness, bud scale purple, flower pesticide yellow, filigree green.The fruit ear cartridge type, tassel row number 14 row, seed yellow, white axle solids type.High disease-resistant, anti-.The topdressing method of method is attacked in summer production of hybrid seeds employing three.

Male parent: in the prosperous 7-2 inbred line summer production of hybrid seeds 4500-5000 strain/mu, summer sowing one 6 months by the end of May, about 98 days breeding times.About 180 centimetres of plant heights, about 85 centimetres of fringe positions, leaf sheath purple, filigree green, flower pesticide yellow, plant compactness, cob white, yellow grain solids type.The production of hybrid seeds adopts a short management method on earth to guarantee hybrid seed yield.

Three, following sufficient base manure uses sufficient nitrogenous fertilizer, enriches potash fertilizer

Execute pure N32.5 kilogram, P2O57 kilogram, K2O27.4 kilogram the time of infertility, N: P2O5: K2O=1: 0.22: 0.84.Wherein base manure mu is executed 750 kilograms in the pig cattle pen excrement of becoming thoroughly decomposed; 3 leaf phases imposed seed manure, 10 kilograms of every mu of sealing fertilizers, 7.5 kilograms in urea, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride; The 6-8 leaf phase imposes strong stalk fertilizer, 25 kilograms of every mu of sealing fertilizers, 12.5 kilograms in urea, 10 kilograms in potassium chloride; Impose during 12 leaves that to attack bud fertile and in conjunction with big ridging, 35 kilograms of every mu of sealing fertilizers, 15 kilograms in urea, 10 kilograms in potassium chloride; After artificial pollination finishes, impose strong granulated fertilizer, execute 10 kilograms in urea, 5 kilograms in potassium chloride for every mu.

Four, thoroughly castrate, strengthen artificial pollination

Thoroughly pull out maternal male inflorescence before the pollination, suitable early not slow on the time of pulling out.Generally extracted out 2/3 o'clock at maternal top, can pull out simultaneously together with top even following a slice leaf, castrate the maternal male inflorescence that can pull out in 3 days more than 80% continuously, remaining maternal male inflorescence is thoroughly removed before the male parent loose powder.Castration can reduce maternal nutrient consumption, promotes that female inflorescence early goes out bud, goes out big bud, to reach the purpose that improves maternal output.Artificial pollination is the key of seed production and high-yield, normally beginning pollination around National Day, carries out continuously 10-15 days.Generally require when every morning 9-10, to finish during 11-12.Some field piece also had a small amount of pollen at 3 o'clock in afternoon, also can collect and pollinate.

Five, the extermination of disease and insect pest

The production of hybrid seeds of corn autumn is because the Fertilization Level height, prometaphase temperature height, and damage by disease and insect is serious relatively.Mainly containing sick worms such as corn borer, aphid, banded sclerotial blight, stem rot, helminthosporium maydis and rust causes harm.Prevention and elimination of disease and pests will be relied mainly on prevention, and an agricultural chemicals is promptly sprayed in the control combination at every turn when topdressing, and every mu of usefulness disease prestige 100 grams that go out add a certain amount of blade face treasured again and convert water and spray.Rust can be prevented and treated with go out disease prestige or sulphur glue, and acute helminthosporium maydis can add streptomycin with the withered spirit of standing grain, adds the sulphur deflocculant control again.Corn borer for the pustulation period is caused harm, and available insect powder is coated with envelope fruit ear top, and anthelminthic effect is good.

Six, science water

Corn is a dry crop, is afraid of accumulated water, and is more drought-enduring, but can not lack of water.Therefore, carry out rational science irrigation and drainage according to the weather conditions of breeding time.Seedling stage and shooting stage need water less, if meet heavy rain or continuous rainfall, in time drain the water away, otherwise the plant jaundice are thin and weak.The heading pustulation period needs water more, irritates horse race water 1 time every 6-7 days during drouth, to guarantee normal pollination and grouting, reaches seed and enriches.

Seven, gather in the crops in good time, guarantee seed quality

Corn autumn production of hybrid seeds time of infertility is 110-120 days.Yellow-white, fruit ear handle are little should in time be gathered in the crops when curved when made from bracteal leaf of corn presents, the time is general grasp late November to early December.Receive male parent during results earlier, received female parent every 1 day again, guarantee not mix.After adopting corn ear is placed on and tans by the sun to seed in time artificial threshing when loosening under the sunlight, note not damaging embryo.Again with the seed airing, be lower than at 13% o'clock to water content and promptly pack storage after the threshing.

Claims (1)

1. the producing method for seed of a high-yield hybrid corn kind is characterized in that adopting " TB4 " corn inbred line to do female parent, makes the male parent assembling cross-fertilize seed with " prosperous 7-2 " corn inbred line.