CN109122298A - A kind of breeding method of herbage - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of herbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN109122298A CN109122298A CN201811138857.4A CN201811138857A CN109122298A CN 109122298 A CN109122298 A CN 109122298A CN 201811138857 A CN201811138857 A CN 201811138857A CN 109122298 A CN109122298 A CN 109122298A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of breeding method of herbage provided by the invention, its two kinds of herbages are hybridized with corn and sugar grass in two times after in conjunction with mass breeding together, not only remain the superiority of respective herbage, and it is provided with nutriment and growth characteristics in corn and sugar grass simultaneously, also mutually compensate for the deficiency between various herbages；Forage yield, Ye Liang can be improved, keeps stalk more crisp, palatability is good, due to reducing the plantation operation of sorghum and corn, preventing corn and sorghum from fighting for the soil and nutrient of herbage for artificial pollination；Mass breeding herbage of the present invention is high quality forage nontoxic, nuisanceless, without pathogeny, the nutrient composition contents such as thick protein are high and complete, can directly feed and not need additive, animal physique can be improved, strengthen immunity can prevent and treat common disease and epidemic virus；Yield is high, high-quality sexual valence is relatively high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pasture growing technical field, the breeding method of specifically a kind of herbage.
Background technique
Currently, herbage is the important feed of herbivorous animal, the breeding of high yield, high quality forage is before developing efficient animal husbandry
It mentions and basic, but is influenced by vegetation desertification and seasonal variations, much local large-scale cultivation herbage is developed by tight in China
Limit to again, main problem is that natural forage is limited or put livestock in a suitable place to breed and vegetation deterioration and water and soil is caused to be largely lost, grassland face
Product constantly reduces, and the cultivation of China livestock is caused to be difficult to scale.In order to overcome the problems, such as herbage deficiency, people use artificial kind
Herbage is planted, still, the kind largely used in China's pasture industry at present, such as the rye grass in winter, the clover of summer and teosinte
(Mexico's fodder maize) etc. still rely on to a great extent from foreign countries introduce, and the forage plants breeding level in China itself also compared with
Low, not only quantity is few for the kind of incubation, but also is the wild species directly tamed mostly, and product quality is not high, the agronomy production traits
It is undesirable, far from meeting the needs of production.Because forage germplasm resources research is insufficient, breeding method falls behind, benign epilepsy
The reasons such as unsound, then the herbage planted using traditional implantation methods, low output, of poor quality, leaf amount is small, stalk is harder,
Palatability is poor.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of breeding method of herbage that can improve forage yield, the forage yield that is cultivated is high,
Leaf amount is big, stalk is more crisp, and palatability is good.Open source literature also reports the producing method for seed of some herbages, such as:
1, Chinese patent: a kind of cross-breeding method of forage maize, application number: 201010195719.7, the applying date:
2010.06.01 applicant: Sichuan Agricultural University；A kind of cross-breeding method of forage maize of the disclosure of the invention.The invention
Producing method for seed is provided, for using teosinte as male parent, Maize Tri-crossed Hybrid is that hybridization of female parent prepares forage maize SC2 seed.It is described miscellaneous
The step of friendship, is as follows: 1) time interval sowing male parent and female parent, obtains the male parent with florescence interval and has florescence interval female
This；2) there is florescence interval female parent to carry out hormone spraying and tassel is gone to obtain plant height and Ear height drop to the described of step 1) acquisition
Low goes tassel maternal；3) bract for removing tassel female parent that the plant height and Ear height that shearing step 2) obtains reduce is awarded
It is maternal before powder；4) acquisition step 1) obtain the male parent with florescence interval pollen, authorize the pollen to step 3)
It obtains and obtains forage maize SC2 seed after maternal culture before the pollination.The invention it is demonstrated experimentally that by this method obtain feeding
The plant of careless corn SC2 seed plantation is the graminous pasture of high-quality.
2, Chinese patent: a kind of method of Karst region Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass planting, application number:
201410114378.4 the applying date: 2014.03.25, applicant: the Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences；The invention
A kind of method of Karst region Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass planting is disclosed, step: (1) late Febuary or early March sowing；
(2) April transplants, and uses before transplanting and applies calcium magnesium phosphate as base manure, spacing in the rows 60cm, line-spacing 60cm；(3) nitrogen fertilizer application: nitrogenous fertilizer is urea
(leaded wastewater 46%), additional by 125kghm-2 for the first time after transplanting, the second to five time in annual June, July, September, October
It applies, each amount of application is 125~375kghm-2.(4) cradle: 7 to November carry out annual grass-cutting treatment to herbage, cut
It cuts 2~4 times, the time interval cradled is about 35~100 days, and Defoliation rate is from cradling at 5~35cm of plant root.This method
It is easy, it is easy to operate, and Gui Mu No.1 hybridization napier grass photosynthetic capacity is strong, yield is high, quality is good, and the readily available nutrient of soil contains
It measures higher.Therefore, this method can be used as the prefered method of Karst Area herbage planting, and Karst region can be effectively relieved and alleviate people
Poultry strives grain contradiction, promotes the sustainable development of agricultural.
3. Chinese patent: the implantation methods of milk cow grassland herbage, application number: CN201710440386.1, the applying date:
2017.06.13 applicant: Deyang open country agriculture and animal husbandry Co., Ltd；The implantation methods of milk cow grassland herbage have been opened in the invention,
Include the following steps: to select full grains, the rye grass of free from insect pests phenomenon, clover grass seed as herbage seed mixture；It will herd
Careless seed mixture sowing is in plot；Sugar grass is planted in the line-spacing of herbage, spontaneous pollination is formed；Obtain first generation hybridization
Herbage seed mixture；First generation hybridization herbage seed mixture, which is seeded into soft plot, obtains first generation hybridization herbage；By sweet tea
Sorghum kind forms spontaneous pollination between the line-spacing of first generation hybridization herbage, obtains second generation hybridization herbage seed mixture；Selection
The full second generation hybridization herbage seed mixture of grain is seeded into soft plot as grass seeds；Fertilising；Forage seeds of the invention
Plant method can improve forage yield, Ye Liang that it plants out in planting forage grass, keep stalk more crisp, and palatability is good, together
When can also plant and be provided with the sugar grass that the mankind eat.
It has been investigated that herbage producing method for seed disclosed above, obtained herbage uses traditional planting technology again, plantation
Forage yield out is high not enough, and stalk is harder, and palatability is slightly worse.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of herbage, comprising the following steps:
(1) select full grains, the awnless brome seed of free from insect pests phenomenon and ryegrass seed as grass seed, per acre
Need to sow 1.5-2 kilograms of seed；The purity of seed is more than or equal to 95%, and palpus carries out selected before sowing, and guarantees that germination percentage exists
90% or more, it is neat to guarantee to emerge after broadcasting,
(2) seed for the awnless brome chosen piles to 5-7 centimetres of thickness, fine day exposure 4-6 days in the sun, often
It is stirred 3-4 times, and cloudy day and night withdraw interior, and kind skin cracks because expanding with heat and contract with cold, and accelerates the gas exchange inside and outside seed, from
And the suspend mode of seed is released, make seed quick-speed germination, increases seed viability；
(3) it is impregnated 12 hours before sowing the seed of rye grass again with 30 DEG C of water；Pull the ring at 25 DEG C -30 DEG C out later
Vernalization 15-20 hours in border, the physiology after-ripening of seed can be promoted in this way, accelerate seed metabolism, increase seed viability；
(4) seed of awnless brome and the seed of rye grass are separately planted, respectively according to 60-80 centimetres of hill spacing, row
Away from 60-80 centimetres, every cave 2-3 plants of sowings are in soft plot；
(5) to the herbage flower spike phase, the pollen for going up sorghum saccharatum is sprayed in artificial pollination in the flower spike of awnless brome respectively, black
The pollen of corn is sprayed in the flower spike of wheat straw in artificial pollination sprinkling；The pollen of 1 portion of sorghum saccharatum and the pollen of corn are distinguished
Add 2-3 parts of incremental agents, is mixed well mixing, be fitted into duster, herbage flower spike is uniformly sprayed；The incremental agent is
Lycopodium powder；Dosage is 15-20 grams to the pollen of the pollen of the sorghum saccharatum and corn per acre；The fine day morning of the temperature at 18-25 DEG C
It pollinates best, temperature is undesirable lower than 15 DEG C of Pollination Effects；Dosage is 15- to the pollen of the pollen of the sorghum saccharatum and corn per acre
20 grams；
(6) first generation for respectively obtaining awnless brome later to the herbage florescence hybridizes the first of grass seed and rye grass
Generation hybridization grass seed selects two kinds of first generation of full grains to hybridize grass seed spare；
(7) in the season of coming year kind herbage, the first generation of awnless brome is hybridized the first of grass seed and rye grass
Generation hybridization grass seed is separately planted, and respectively according to 60-80 centimetres of hill spacing, 60-80 centimetres of line-spacing, every cave 2-3 plants of sowings are in pine
In soft plot；
(8) it according to the method for the artificial sprinkling pollen of step (5), is sprayed in the flower spike of the awnless brome of first generation hybridization
The pollen of corn, sprays the pollen of sorghum saccharatum in the flower spike of the rye grass of first generation hybridization, obtains the later to the herbage florescence
In two generations, hybridized grass seed；
(9) second generation hybridization of the second generation hybridization grass seed and rye grass of the awnless brome of full grains is selected to herd
Grass seed is mixed as grass seeds according to the ratio of 1:1 and is seeded into soft plot, and 40-60 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 40-60 lis of line-spacing
Rice, every cave 2-3 plants of sowings are in soft plot；
(10) it can apply fertilizer after the herbage in step (9) grows to 15 centimetres or more height；
(11) it annual top dressing 4-6 times, can cradle one or two moon once, each plane earth cradles.
Preferably, the awnless brome and ryegrass seed quantitative proportion are 25-30:40-50.
Preferably, the fertilising uses 1000-2500 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 10-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate 20-
25 kilograms or 8-10 kilograms of potassium chloride.
A kind of pasture planting method of the invention, after two kinds of herbages are hybridized with corn and sugar grass in two times in conjunction with
Mass breeding together not only remains the superiority of respective herbage, but also the nutrition being provided in corn and sugar grass simultaneously
Substance and growth characteristics also mutually compensate for the deficiency between various herbages；Forage yield, Ye Liang can be improved, make stalk compared with
Crisp, palatability is good, due to for artificial pollination, reducing the plantation operation of sorghum and corn, places corn and sorghum fights for herbage
Soil and nutrient；Mass breeding herbage of the present invention is high quality forage nontoxic, nuisanceless, without pathogeny, the nutrition such as thick protein
Component content is high and complete, can directly feed and not need additive, animal physique can be improved, strengthen immunity can prevent and treat
Common disease and epidemic virus；Yield is high, high-quality, leaf amount is big, soft, palatability is good, crude protein content, thick rouge
The nutritive values composition such as fat, crude fibre is big, can gather in 4-5 times or more within 1 year, sexual valence is relatively high.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below, it is to be understood that protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited by the specific implementation.
A kind of breeding method of herbage provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the specific method is as follows:
(1) select full grains, the awnless brome seed of free from insect pests phenomenon and ryegrass seed as grass seed, respectively
1.5 kilogram；The purity of seed is optionally greater than 95%, needs to carry out selected before being sowed, and guarantees germination percentage 90% or more, to protect
Card is emerged neatly after broadcasting,
(2) seed for the awnless brome chosen piles to 6 centimetres of thickness, fine day exposure 5 days in the sun are stirred daily
4 times, cloudy day and night withdraw interior, and kind skin cracks because expanding with heat and contract with cold, and accelerate the gas exchange inside and outside seed, to release kind
The suspend mode of son makes seed quick-speed germination, increases seed viability；
(3) it is impregnated 12 hours before sowing the seed of rye grass again with 30 DEG C of water；It is pulled out in 28 DEG C of environment later
Vernalization 18 hours, the physiology after-ripening of seed can be promoted in this way, accelerate seed metabolism, increase seed viability；
(4) seed of awnless brome and the seed of rye grass are separately planted, respectively according to 70 centimetres of hill spacing, line-spacing 70
Centimetre, the sowing of 3 plants of every cave is in soft plot；
(5) to the herbage flower spike phase, the morning in one day is selected, 20 DEG C of temperature or so, the pollen of 10 grams of sorghum saccharatums is taken to add
Enter the mixing of 20 grams of turquoise powder and be fitted into duster and the flower spike of awnless brome is sprayed；The pollen of 10 grams of corns is taken to be added 20 grams
The mixing of turquoise powder is fitted into duster to spraying in the flower spike of rye grass；
(6) first generation for respectively obtaining awnless brome later to the herbage florescence hybridizes the first of grass seed and rye grass
Generation hybridization grass seed selects two kinds of first generation of full grains to hybridize grass seed spare；
(7) in the season of coming year kind herbage, the first generation of awnless brome is hybridized the first of grass seed and rye grass
Generation hybridization grass seed is separately planted, and respectively according to 70 centimetres of hill spacing, 70 centimetres of line-spacing, the sowing of 3 plants of every cave is in soft plot
It is interior；
(8) it according to the method for the artificial sprinkling pollen of step 5, is sprayed in the flower spike of the awnless brome of first generation hybridization beautiful
The pollen of rice, sprays the pollen of sorghum saccharatum in the flower spike of the rye grass of first generation hybridization, obtains second later to the herbage florescence
Generation hybridization grass seed；
(9) second generation hybridization of the second generation hybridization grass seed and rye grass of the awnless brome of full grains is selected to herd
Grass seed is mixed as grass seeds according to the ratio of 1:1 and is seeded into soft plot, and 60 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 60 centimetres of line-spacing, every cave 3
Strain sowing is in soft plot；
(10) it can apply fertilizer after herbage in step (9) grows to 15 centimetres or more height；
(11) it annual top dressing 5 times, can cradle one or two moon once, each plane earth cradles.
Preferably, the awnless brome and ryegrass seed quantitative proportion are 5-6:8-10.
Preferably, the fertilising is using 2000 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 15 kilograms of calcium superphosphate or 10 kilograms of potassium chloride.
A kind of pasture planting method of the invention, after two kinds of herbages are hybridized with corn and sugar grass in two times in conjunction with
Mass breeding together not only remains the superiority of respective herbage, but also the nutrition being provided in corn and sugar grass simultaneously
Substance and growth characteristics also mutually compensate for the deficiency between various herbages；Forage yield, Ye Liang can be improved, make stalk compared with
Crisp, palatability is good, due to for artificial pollination, reducing the plantation operation of sorghum and corn, places corn and sorghum fights for herbage
Soil and nutrient；Mass breeding herbage of the present invention is high quality forage nontoxic, nuisanceless, without pathogeny, the nutrition such as thick protein
Component content is high and complete, can directly feed and not need additive, animal physique can be improved, strengthen immunity can prevent and treat
Common disease and epidemic virus；Yield is high, high-quality, leaf amount is big, soft, palatability is good, crude protein content, thick rouge
The nutritive values composition such as fat, crude fibre is big, can gather in 4-5 times or more within 1 year, sexual valence is relatively high.
Disclosed above is only specific embodiments of the present invention, and still, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this, Ren Heben
What the technical staff in field can think variation should all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of breeding method of herbage, which comprises the following steps:
(1) it selects full grains, the awnless brome seed of free from insect pests phenomenon and ryegrass seed as grass seed, needs per acre
Sow 1.5-2 kilograms of seed；The purity of seed is more than or equal to 95%, carried out before sowing it is selected, guarantee germination percentage 90% or more,
It is neat to guarantee to emerge after broadcasting；
(2) seed for the awnless brome chosen piles to 5-7 centimetres of thickness, fine day exposure 4-6 days in the sun are stirred daily
3-4 times, cloudy day and night withdraw interior, and kind skin cracks because expanding with heat and contract with cold, and accelerate the gas exchange inside and outside seed, to release
The suspend mode of seed makes seed quick-speed germination, increases seed viability；
(3) it is impregnated 12 hours before sowing the seed of rye grass again with 30 DEG C of water；It is pulled out in 25 DEG C -30 DEG C of environment later
Vernalization 15-20 hours, the physiology after-ripening of seed can be promoted in this way, accelerate seed metabolism, increase seed viability；
(4) seed of awnless brome and the seed of rye grass are separately planted, respectively according to 60-80 centimetres of hill spacing, line-spacing 60-
80 centimetres, every cave 2-3 plants of sowings are in soft plot；
(5) to the herbage flower spike phase, the pollen for going up sorghum saccharatum is sprayed in artificial pollination in the flower spike of awnless brome respectively, in rye grass
Flower spike on artificial pollination sprinkling on spray corn pollen；The pollen of 1 portion of sorghum saccharatum and the pollen of corn add 2-3 respectively
Part incremental agent, is mixed well mixing, is fitted into duster, uniformly sprayed to herbage flower spike；The pollen of the sorghum saccharatum
Dosage is 15-20 grams per acre with the pollen of corn；
(6) first generation of the first generation hybridization grass seed and rye grass that respectively obtain awnless brome later to the herbage florescence is miscellaneous
Grass seed is handed over, selects two kinds of first generation of full grains to hybridize grass seed spare；
(7) in the season of coming year kind herbage, the first generation that the first generation of awnless brome is hybridized grass seed and rye grass is miscellaneous
Grass seed is handed over separately to plant, respectively according to 60-80 centimetres of hill spacing, 60-80 centimetres of line-spacing, every cave 2-3 plants of sowings are soft
In plot；
(8) according to the method for the artificial sprinkling pollen of step (5), corn is sprayed in the flower spike of the awnless brome of first generation hybridization
Pollen, the pollen of sorghum saccharatum is sprayed in the flower spike of the rye grass of first generation hybridization, obtains the second generation later to the herbage florescence
Hybridize grass seed；
(9) second generation of the second generation hybridization grass seed and rye grass that select the awnless brome of full grains hybridizes forage seeds
Son is mixed as grass seeds according to the ratio of 1:1 and is seeded into soft plot, and 40-60 centimetres of spacing in the rows, 40-60 centimetres of line-spacing, often
Cave 2-3 plants of sowing is in soft plot；
(10) it can apply fertilizer after the herbage in step (9) grows to 15 centimetres or more height；
(11) it annual top dressing 4-6 times, can cradle one or two moon once, each plane earth cradles.
2. a kind of breeding method of herbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the awnless brome and rye grass seeds
Sub- quantitative proportion is 25-30:40-50.
3. a kind of breeding method of herbage according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the fertilising uses organic fertilizer
1000-2500 kilograms, 10-20 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 20-25 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate or 8-10 kilograms of potassium chloride.
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Application publication date: 20190104 |