CN110199786B - Rice and snail symbiotic breeding method based on green manure - Google Patents
Rice and snail symbiotic breeding method based on green manure Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/06—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using visual means, e.g. scarecrows, moving elements, specific shapes, patterns or the like
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of snail breeding, in particular to a rice and snail symbiotic breeding method based on green manure. The method uses the green manure of leguminous plants planted in the winter fallow field to fertilize the soil; utilizing aquatic green manure azolla to fertilize the field for cultivating the snails; utilizes the climbing green manure to form a green fence wall, prevents external interference, forms a rice and snail co-culture ecological planting and breeding system, and is beneficial to producing healthy and safe snails and rice.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the technical field of snail breeding, in particular to a rice and snail symbiotic breeding method based on green manure.
[ background of the invention ]
The snails are commonly called as quadruped snails, and are the whole quadruped snails of the viviparidae family or other animals of the same genus. The snail is rich in nutrition and fine in meat quality, and is a top-quality product on a dining table. The spiral shell powder is a flavored snack of Guangxi Liuzhou, and with the development of the bagged spiral shell powder, the industry of the Guangxi Liuzhou spiral shell powder is continuously upgraded, and the demand of the spiral shell is continuously increased. The spiral shells usually grow in the fields of rice fields, lakes, ponds, swamps, ditches and the like, so that the demand of markets for the spiral shells is met, the rice is guaranteed to be rich through scientific three-dimensional planting in the rice fields, and the increase of income of farmers is facilitated.
The green manure is the essence of traditional agriculture in China, and has the effects of improving soil and fertility and improving the quality of agricultural products as a biological fertilizer source. And the planting and the utilization of green manure crops are beneficial to the reduction and application of chemical fertilizers, and have important significance for ensuring the safety of agricultural products, protecting the ecological environment of farmlands and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture. At present, a lot of reports about mixed culture of spiral shells in rice fields exist, the main effect is to improve the commodity value and achieve the purposes of harvesting rice and spiral shells; however, the snail is a omnivorous mollusk and has the risk of possibly damaging the root of the rice and causing the yield reduction of the rice; and the current intercropping is also simple cultivation, and a set of symbiotic system is not provided, namely the research of the combination of winter green manure, aquatic green manure, climbing green manure and rice snail.
[ summary of the invention ]
In view of the above, there is a need for a rice and snail symbiotic cultivation method based on green manure, which improves snail meat quality, achieves the purpose of "one water dual-purpose and one field dual-purpose", and is beneficial to improving economic benefits of symbiotic systems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rice and snail symbiotic cultivation method based on green manure comprises the following steps:
(1) planting the leguminous green manure milk vetch in winter: sowing Chinese milk vetch seeds in the rice field 10-15 days before harvesting the rice, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5-2 kg/mu;
(2) feeding geese: driving the geese into the field in the early flowering period of the astragalus sinicus growth, allowing the geese to eat the astragalus sinicus, treading the field, and returning goose manure to the field;
(3) green manure pressing: after feeding geese for 1-2 months, mechanically ploughing and turning down milk vetch in the rice field under the condition that the rice field is not irrigated;
(4) land preparation: digging a ditch in the rice field after green manure is turned over, wherein the ditch is excavated along the inner side of the ridge without forming a closed loop, and the rest gap is not processed and has the length of 3-4 m; the distance between the ditch and the ridge is 1-2 m; the ditch is U-shaped, and the depth of the ditch is 40-50 cm;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the rice field after finishing, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 20-30 kg/mu; turning over the piles after fertilizing for 5-7 days, and pressing the organic fertilizer into soil;
(6) rice field disinfection: spraying disinfection powder to the rice field 30-35 days after the base fertilizer is applied, wherein the application amount of the disinfection powder is 50-60 kg/mu; adding disinfection powder for 3-4 days, and then irrigating the rice field;
(7) building a hedge wall: establishing a hedge wall with the height of 40-50cm around the ridge;
(8) planting rice: transplanting rice seedlings in a rice field, wherein the transplanting rice seedlings are planted in a mode of spacing narrow rows, wide rows and narrow rows, and the distance between two plants of rice in the narrow rows is 30 cm; the distance between the two plants of rice in the wide row is 50 cm;
(9) stocking aquatic green manure azolla: breeding azolla in the rice field after the rice is transplanted for 7d, wherein the water surface coverage area of the azolla is 1/6-1/5 of the rice field;
(10) stocking the snails: breeding the snails in the rice field 3d-5d after the azolla is bred, wherein the specifications of the snails are 800-; the stocking density is 100-2；
(11) Field management: regularly feeding the snails into the field for repelling birds and preventing insects in the field.
Further, the density of the goose seedlings fed by the step (2) is 10-15 goose seedlings per mu.
Further, the organic fertilizer in the step (5) is prepared from cow dung: the passion fruit peel: whey powder: the bean curd residue is prepared from 30-40:2-4:1:10-15 by weight.
Further, the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mashing fresh passion fruit peel, uniformly mixing the fresh passion fruit peel with cow dung and bean curd residue, and performing anaerobic composting for 10-15 days at the temperature of 35-40 ℃; then adding whey powder, stirring and mixing evenly, and drying at 50-55 ℃ until the water content is 3% -5%.
Further, the disinfectant powder of the step (6) is prepared from lime powder: the willow leaves are prepared according to the weight ratio of 50-60: 10-12.
Further, the hedge wall of the step (7) is composed of a support and a hedge crop; the support consists of an upright baffle and a net rack; the bottom end of the baffle is fixed on the ridge, and the net rack is inverted V-shaped and is reversely buckled at the top end of the baffle; hedgerow crops climb on the net rack.
Further, the hedgerow crops are climbing leguminous green manure.
Further, the snail feed in the step (11) is prepared from rice bran: wheat bran: and (3) papaya peel: pineapple seed powder: the bean flour is prepared from 40-50:20-25:1-2:1:15-18 by weight.
Further, the field bird repelling mode in the step (11) is to arrange a bird repelling belt on the hedgerow.
Further, the insect prevention mode in the step (11) adopts an insect killing lamp.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method integrates the rice field green manure, the aquatic green manure, the dry land green manure and the rice snail to form a symbiotic mode of the green manure, the rice and the snail, realizes the purposes of one water and two purposes and one field for two harvests, and is beneficial to improving the economic benefit of a symbiotic system. The method uses the green manure of leguminous plants planted in the fallow field of winter to fertilize the soil; utilizing aquatic green manure azolla to fertilize the field for cultivating the snails; a green fence wall is formed by utilizing dry land green manure, so that external interference is prevented, a rice and snail co-culture ecological planting and breeding system is formed, and healthy and safe spiral shells and rice can be produced; the green manure of the application: the astragalus sinicus as the green manure of leguminous plants has better nitrogen fixation capacity in winter, and plays a role in fertilizing the soil by no-tillage winter astragalus sinicus seeds in the rice field and breeding domestic geese in the early flowering period of the astragalus sinicus; the aquatic green manure azolla can fix nitrogen in the air, absorb trace nutrient elements which cannot be utilized by rice in water, and has high protein content; the azolla is bred in the rice field, so that the feed can be provided for the snails, the shade can be shaded, and a good environment for the growth of the snails is provided; meanwhile, the azolla cannot compete with the rice for nutrients as being eaten by the snails; planting leguminous green manure cat beans and Indian cowpeas with economic value around the ridges to form hedge walls and separate the rice and snail co-culture planting and breeding areas from the periphery, thereby reducing the influence of pesticide spraying on the peripheral rice on snail breeding, and simultaneously, the planted cat beans and the Indian cowpeas can be used for eating; the regeneration rice can be harvested in the first season, and then seedlings are grown again by using rice stakes, ears are grown, and the rice is harvested for one season; the patent rice variety of the invention selects the regenerated rice, and can avoid re-transplanting rice seedlings in the second season after the rice is manually harvested in the first season in the rice-snail co-farming, thereby reducing the influence on the snail cultivation in the rice field and realizing the maximization of the rice-snail co-farming benefit. Besides the application of green fertilizers, chemical fertilizers are not used in the field management process, the used organic fertilizers are prepared by fermenting cow dung, passion fruit peels, whey powder and bean curd residues, in the fertilizers, the cow dung can improve the soil fertility, the passion fruit peels and the bean curd residues can improve the fertility, the fermented and decayed manure can be used as river snail feed, the whey powder contains high whey proteins, and the fat content of snail meat can be reduced after the river snails are eaten; the snail feed is also self-made by the applicant and comprises rice bran, wheat bran, papaya peel, jackfruit seed powder and bean powder, so that the feed is loose and contains more trace elements, vitamins and proteins, the growth requirement of the snails can be met, the protein content of snail meat is improved, and the fat content is reduced.
2. When the symbiotic system is used for cultivation, the method adopts a mode of 'narrow row-wide row-narrow row' interval to transplant rice and plant, can effectively improve the yield and the growth efficiency of rice, does not influence the growth of the spiral shell, and can provide a cool growth environment and a cool growth space for the growth of the spiral shell; the utility model provides a hedgerow wall support adopts the mode of rack back-off, and this rack can be dismantled, has improved portable removal ability.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a symbiotic system culture according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a raceway according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hedge wall mount according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-ditch; 2-a green fence wall; 3-ridge; 4-paddy field; 5-a net rack; 6-baffle plate.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract) is intended to be incorporated in any specific embodiment, unless expressly stated otherwise, in such specific embodiment, each feature is an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is a rice and snail symbiotic cultivation method based on green manure, which includes the following steps:
(1) planting milk vetch: sowing milk vetch seeds into the rice field 4 10 days before harvesting the rice, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5 kg/mu;
(2) feeding geese: driving the geese to the field in the early flowering period of the astragalus sinicus growth, wherein the density of the goose seedlings is 10 per mu, the geese eat the astragalus sinicus, the field is trampled, and the goose manure is returned to the field;
(3) green manure pressing: after feeding geese for 1 month, mechanically ploughing and turning over the astragalus sinicus in the rice field 4 under the condition that the rice field 4 is not irrigated;
(4) land preparation: digging a ditch 1 in the rice field 4 after green manure is turned over, wherein the ditch 1 is excavated along the inner side of a ridge 3 without forming a closed loop, and the rest gap is not processed and has the length of 3 m; the distance between the ditch 1 and the ridge 3 is 1 m; the ditch 1 is U-shaped, and the depth of the ditch is 40 cm;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the rice field 4 after finishing, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 20 kg/mu; turning over the piles after fertilizing for 5 days, and pressing the organic fertilizer into soil; wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung: the passion fruit peel: whey powder: the bean curd residues are prepared according to the weight ratio of 30:2:1: 10; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mashing fresh passion fruit peel, uniformly mixing with cow dung and bean curd residue, and carrying out anaerobic composting for 10d at 35 ℃; then adding whey powder, stirring and mixing uniformly, and drying at 50 ℃ until the water content is 3% to obtain the milk beverage.
(6) Rice field disinfection: spraying disinfection powder into the rice field 4 30 days after the base fertilizer is applied, wherein the application amount of the disinfection powder is 50 kg/mu; adding disinfection powder for 3d, and then irrigating the rice field; wherein the disinfection powder is prepared from lime powder: the willow leaf is prepared according to the weight ratio of 50:10
(7) Building a hedge wall: a hedge wall 2 with the height of 40cm is established around the ridge; as shown in fig. 3, the hedge wall 2 is composed of a frame and hedge crops; the bracket consists of an upright baffle 6 and a net rack 5; the bottom end of the baffle 6 is fixed on the ridge 3, and the net rack 5 is inverted V-shaped and is reversely buckled at the top end of the baffle 6; hedgerow crops are climbed on the net rack 5; the hedgerow crop of this example is catpea.
(8) Planting rice: transplanting rice seedlings in the rice field 4, wherein the transplanting rice seedlings are planted in a mode of spacing narrow rows, wide rows and narrow rows, and the distance between two plants of rice in the narrow rows is 30 cm; the distance between the two plants of rice in the wide row is 50 cm;
(9) breeding azolla: cultivating azolla in the rice field 4 after rice transplanting and planting for 7d, wherein the water surface coverage area of the azolla is 1/6 of the rice field 4;
(10) stocking the snails: breeding spiral shells in the rice field 4 3 days after the azolla is bred, wherein the specification of the spiral shells is 400 spiral shells/kg; the stocking density is 100 pieces/m2；
(11) Field management: regularly feeding the snails into the field for repelling birds and preventing insects in the field. Wherein the snail feed consists of rice bran: wheat bran: and (3) papaya peel: pineapple seed powder: the soybean powder is prepared according to the weight ratio of 40:20:1:1: 15; the field bird repelling mode is that a bird repelling belt is arranged on the hedgerow; the insect prevention mode is realized by adopting an insect killing lamp. The processing method of the jackfruit seed powder in the feed comprises the following steps: drying jackfruit seeds until the water content is 2%, and then crushing to obtain the jackfruit powder.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is a rice and snail symbiotic cultivation method based on green manure, which includes the following steps:
(1) planting milk vetch: sowing astragalus seeds into the rice field 4 15 days before harvesting the rice, wherein the sowing amount is 2 kg/mu;
(2) feeding geese: driving the geese to the field in the early flowering period of the astragalus sinicus growth, wherein the density of the goose seedlings is 15 per mu, the geese eat the astragalus sinicus, the field is trampled, and the goose manure is returned to the field;
(3) green manure pressing: after feeding geese for 2 months, mechanically ploughing and turning over the astragalus sinicus in the rice field 4 under the condition that the rice field 4 is not irrigated;
(4) land preparation: digging a ditch 1 in the rice field 4 after green manure is turned over, wherein the ditch 1 is excavated along the inner side of a ridge 3 without forming a closed loop, and the rest gap is not processed and has the length of 4 m; the distance between the ditch 1 and the ridge 3 is 2 m; the water ditch is U-shaped, and the depth of the ditch is 50 cm;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the rice field 4 after finishing, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 30 kg/mu; turning over the fertilizer after 7 days of fertilization, and pressing the organic fertilizer into soil; wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung: the passion fruit peel: whey powder: the bean curd residues are prepared according to the weight ratio of 40:4:1: 15; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mashing fresh passion fruit peel, uniformly mixing with cow dung and bean curd residue, and carrying out anaerobic composting for 15d at 40 ℃; then adding whey powder, stirring and mixing uniformly, and drying at 55 ℃ until the water content is 5% to obtain the milk powder.
(6) Rice field disinfection: spraying disinfection powder into the rice field 4 35 days after the base fertilizer is applied, wherein the application amount of the disinfection powder is 60 kg/mu; adding the disinfection powder 4d and then irrigating the rice field 4; wherein the disinfection powder is prepared from lime powder: the willow leaves are prepared according to the weight ratio of 60: 12.
(7) Building a hedge wall: a hedge wall 2 with the height of 50cm is built around the ridge 3; as shown in fig. 3, the hedge wall 2 is composed of a frame and a hedge crop; the bracket consists of an upright baffle 6 and a net rack 5; the bottom end of the baffle 6 is fixed on the ridge 3, and the net rack 5 is inverted V-shaped and is reversely buckled at the top end of the baffle 6; hedgerow crops are climbed on the net rack 5, and the hedgerow crops of this embodiment are indian cowpea.
(8) Planting rice: transplanting rice seedlings in the rice field 4, wherein the transplanting rice seedlings are planted in a mode of spacing narrow rows, wide rows and narrow rows, and the distance between two plants of rice in the narrow rows is 30 cm; the distance between the two plants of rice in the wide row is 50 cm;
(9) breeding azolla: cultivating azolla in the rice field 4 after rice transplanting and planting for 7d, wherein the water surface coverage area of the azolla is 1/5 of the rice field 4;
(10) stocking the snails: 5d after the azolla is put in the field and cultured to the rice field 4Placing and breeding the snails in the middle, wherein the specification of the snails is 800 snails per kg; the stocking density is 120 per m2；
(11) Field management: regularly feeding the snails into the field for repelling birds and preventing insects in the field. Wherein the snail feed consists of rice bran: wheat bran: and (3) papaya peel: pineapple seed powder: the soybean powder is prepared according to the weight ratio of 50:25:2:1: 18; the field bird repelling mode is that a bird repelling belt is arranged on the hedgerow; the insect prevention mode is realized by adopting an insect killing lamp. The processing method of the jackfruit seed powder in the feed comprises the following steps: drying jackfruit seeds until the water content is 2%, and then crushing to obtain the jackfruit powder.
Example 3:
as shown in fig. 1, this embodiment is a rice and snail symbiotic cultivation method based on green manure, which includes the following steps:
(1) planting milk vetch: sowing milk vetch seeds into the rice field 4 12 days before harvesting the rice, wherein the sowing amount is 1.8 kg/mu;
(2) feeding geese: driving the geese to the field in the early flowering period of the astragalus sinicus growth, wherein the density of the goose seedlings is 12 per mu, the geese eat the astragalus sinicus, the field is trampled, and the goose manure is returned to the field;
(3) green manure pressing: after feeding geese for 1.5 months, mechanically ploughing and turning over the astragalus sinicus in the rice field 4 under the condition that the rice field 4 is not irrigated;
(4) land preparation: digging a ditch 1 in the rice field 4 after green manure is turned over, wherein the ditch 1 is excavated along the inner side of a ridge 3 without forming a closed loop, and the rest gap is not processed and has the length of 3.5 m; the distance between the ditch 1 and the ridge 3 is 1.5 m; the ditch 1 is U-shaped, and the depth of the ditch is 45 cm;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the rice field 4 after finishing, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 25 kg/mu; turning over the piles after fertilizing for 6 days, and pressing the organic fertilizer into soil; wherein, the organic fertilizer is prepared from cow dung: the passion fruit peel: whey powder: the bean curd residues are prepared according to the weight ratio of 35:3:1: 12; the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mashing fresh passion fruit peel, uniformly mixing with cow dung and bean curd residue, and performing anaerobic composting at 38 ℃ for 12 d; then adding whey powder, stirring and mixing uniformly, and drying at 52 ℃ until the water content is 4% to obtain the milk beverage.
(6) Rice field disinfection: spraying disinfection powder into the rice field 4 33 days after the base fertilizer is applied, wherein the application amount of the disinfection powder is 55 kg/mu; adding disinfectant powder and irrigating water into the rice field 4 after 3.5 days; wherein the disinfection powder is prepared from lime powder: the willow leaf is prepared according to the weight ratio of 55:11
(7) Building a hedge wall: a hedge wall 2 with the height of 40-50cm is built around the ridge; as shown in fig. 3, the hedge wall 2 is composed of a frame and a hedge crop; the bracket consists of an upright baffle 6 and a net rack 5; the bottom end of the baffle 6 is fixed on the ridge 3, and the net rack 5 is inverted V-shaped and is reversely buckled at the top end of the baffle 6; hedgerow crops are climbed on the net rack 5, and the hedgerow crops of this embodiment are cat beans and indian cowpea.
(8) Planting rice: transplanting rice seedlings in the rice field 4, wherein the transplanting rice seedlings are planted in a mode of spacing narrow rows, wide rows and narrow rows, and the distance between two plants of rice in the narrow rows is 30 cm; the distance between the two plants of rice in the wide row is 50 cm;
(9) breeding azolla: cultivating azolla in the rice field 4 after rice transplanting and planting for 7d, wherein the water surface coverage area of the azolla is 1/6 of the rice field 4;
(10) stocking the snails: breeding spiral shells in the rice field 4 3d-5d after the azolla is bred, wherein the specification of the spiral shells is 700 per kg; the stocking density is 110 per m2；
(11) Field management: regularly feeding the snails into the field for repelling birds and preventing insects in the field. Wherein the snail feed consists of rice bran: wheat bran: and (3) papaya peel: pineapple seed powder: the soybean powder is prepared according to the weight ratio of 45:22:2:1: 17; the field bird repelling mode is that a bird repelling belt is arranged on the hedgerow; the insect prevention mode is realized by adopting an insect killing lamp. The processing method of the jackfruit seed powder in the feed comprises the following steps: drying jackfruit seeds until the water content is 2%, and then crushing to obtain the jackfruit powder.
Economic benefit research of symbiotic systems:
control group 1:
the control group only uses rice field and snails for intercropping without using green manure; namely, soil preparation, base fertilizer application, rice field disinfection, rice planting, snail stocking and field management steps in the example 1 are carried out.
Control group 2:
the control group did not use the earlier stage green manure, namely milk vetch, and the steps of soil preparation, base fertilizer application, rice field disinfection, hedgerow wall establishment, azolla stocking, rice planting, snail stocking and field management in example 1 were performed.
Control group 3:
the control group was carried out without using a hedge wall according to the steps of planting milk vetch, feeding geese, turning green manure, preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, sterilizing a rice field, stocking azolla, planting rice, stocking snail and managing the field of example 1.
Control group 4:
the control group did not breed azolla, and the procedures of planting milk vetch, feeding geese, turning green manure, preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, sterilizing rice field, establishing hedge wall, planting rice, breeding snail and managing field were carried out according to the example 1.
Control group 5:
the control group was not fed with geese, and carried out according to the steps of planting milk vetch, turning over green manure, preparing soil, applying base fertilizer, sterilizing rice field, building hedgerow wall, stocking azolla, planting rice, stocking snail and managing field of example 1.
Observation and statistical experiment:
in a five-mountain county rice and snail co-farming base in Guangxi guest city, 6 rice fields with the same area (1 mu) and geographic environment are taken, planting and breeding management are respectively carried out according to the modes of the embodiment 1 and the control groups 1-5, and the rice variety, the snail variety and the green manure variety of each experimental group are all consistent in the planting process; planting for two years; and (3) counting the harvest conditions of each rice, each snail and each green manure every year, and calculating the sales income brought by each product, wherein the sales income is calculated according to the average price of the current price: the rice (with shell and dried in the sun) is calculated according to 2 yuan/kg, and the spiral shell (raw spiral shell) is calculated according to 10 yuan/kg, which is shown in the table 1:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the above table, the total income of example 1 is greater than that of control groups 1 to 5 in two consecutive years, which indicates that the symbiotic system of the present application can effectively improve the economic value of the whole system and bring greater economic benefit to farmers.
The symbiotic system researches the quality of the meat of the snails:
in a five-mountain county rice and snail co-farming base in Guangxi guest city, 6 rice fields with the same area (1 mu) and geographic environment are taken, planting and breeding management are respectively carried out according to the modes of the example 1 and the control groups 1-5, and the rice variety, the snail variety and the green manure variety of each experimental group are all consistent in the planting process; harvesting partial snails in the same 1 day after planting for 1 year, taking 0.5kg of snails with shells in each test field, removing shells of the raw snails, and taking fresh snails to analyze moisture, ash content, crude protein, crude fat and carbohydrate of the wet snails; see table 2 specifically:
TABLE 2
| Group of | Moisture (%) | Ash (%) | Crude protein (%) | Crude fat (%) | Carbohydrate (%) |
| Example 1 | 79.83 | 2.25 | 16.25 | 0.64 | 1.03 |
| Control group 1 | 78.24 | 4.15 | 14.32 | 1.26 | 2.03 |
| |
76.33 | 3.25 | 15.32 | 2.03 | 3.07 |
| |
80.12 | 1.36 | 14.02 | 1.62 | 2.88 |
| |
79.68 | 2.01 | 13.36 | 2.03 | 2.92 |
| |
79.34 | 3.04 | 14.68 | 1.36 | 1.58 |
As can be seen from the above table, the crude protein content of example 1 is significantly higher than that of control groups 1-5; the crude fat content is obviously lower than that of a control group 1-5, and the carbohydrate content is lower than that of the control group 1-5; the snail fed by the symbiotic system can effectively improve the crude protein content of snail meat and reduce the crude fat content.
In conclusion, the symbiotic system can bring greater economic benefit to farmers, and can effectively improve the crude protein content of the snail meat and reduce the crude fat content.
The above examples merely represent some embodiments of the present invention, which are described in more detail and in more detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. A rice and snail symbiotic cultivation method based on green manure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting the leguminous green manure milk vetch in winter: sowing Chinese milk vetch seeds in the rice field 10-15 days before harvesting the rice, wherein the sowing amount is 1.5-2 kg/mu;
(2) feeding geese: driving the goose down to the field in the blooming period of the astragalus sinicus, allowing the goose to eat the astragalus sinicus, treading the field, and returning goose manure to the field;
(3) green manure pressing: after feeding geese for 1-2 months, mechanically ploughing and turning down milk vetch in the rice field under the condition that the rice field is not irrigated;
(4) land preparation: digging a ditch in the rice field after green manure is turned over, wherein the ditch is excavated along the inner side of the ridge without forming a closed loop, and the rest gap is not processed and has the length of 3-4 m; the distance between the ditch and the ridge is 1-2 m; the ditch is U-shaped, and the depth of the ditch is 40-50 cm;
(5) applying a base fertilizer: applying organic fertilizer to the rice field after finishing, wherein the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 20-30 kg/mu; turning over the piles after fertilizing for 5-7 days, and pressing the organic fertilizer into soil;
(6) rice field disinfection: spraying disinfection powder to the rice field 30-35 days after the base fertilizer is applied, wherein the application amount of the disinfection powder is 50-60 kg/mu; adding disinfection powder for 3-4 days, and then irrigating the rice field;
(7) building a hedge wall: establishing a hedge wall with the height of 40-50cm around the ridge;
(8) planting rice: transplanting rice seedlings in a rice field, wherein the transplanting rice seedlings are planted in a mode of spacing narrow rows, wide rows and narrow rows, and the distance between two plants of rice in the narrow rows is 30 cm; the distance between the two plants of rice in the wide row is 50 cm;
(9) breeding azolla: cultivating azolla in the rice field after the rice is transplanted for 7d, wherein the water surface coverage area of the azolla is 1/6-1/5 of the rice field; the azolla is also planted in the ditch;
(10) stocking the snails: breeding the snails in the rice field 3d-5d after the azolla is bred, wherein the specifications of the snails are 800-; the stocking density is 100-2；
(11) Field management: regularly feeding the snails into the field for repelling birds and insects in the field;
the organic fertilizer in the step (5) is prepared from cow dung: the passion fruit peel: whey powder: the bean curd residue is composed of 30-40:2-4:1:10-15 by weight;
the disinfection powder in the step (6) is prepared from lime powder: the willow leaves are prepared according to the weight ratio of 50-60: 10-12;
the hedge wall in the step (7) consists of a bracket and hedge crops; the bracket consists of an upright baffle and a net rack; the bottom end of the baffle is fixed on the ridge, and the net rack is inverted V-shaped and is reversely buckled at the top end of the baffle; hedgerow crops are climbed on the net rack;
the snail feed in the step (11) is prepared from rice bran: wheat bran: and (3) papaya peel: pineapple seed powder: the bean flour is prepared from 40-50:20-25:1-2:1:15-18 by weight;
the density of the goose seedlings fed by the step (2) is 10-15 goose seedlings per mu;
the preparation method of the organic fertilizer comprises the steps of mashing fresh passion fruit peel, uniformly mixing the mashed fresh passion fruit peel with cow dung and bean curd residue, and performing anaerobic composting for 10-15 days at the temperature of 35-40 ℃; then adding whey powder, stirring and mixing uniformly, and drying at 50-55 ℃ until the water content is 3% -5% to obtain the milk powder;
the hedgerow crops are climbing leguminous green manure.
2. The symbiotic cultivation method for the rice and snail based on the green manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (11) of field bird repelling is to arrange a bird repelling belt on the green fence.
3. The symbiotic cultivation method for rice and snail based on green manure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the insect prevention means of step (11) is insect killing lamp.
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