CN1152391A

CN1152391A - Method for selective breeding maize hybrid

Info

Publication number: CN1152391A
Application number: CN 96120217
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨令贵; 刘永红
Original assignee: CROP Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: CROP Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 1996-10-21
Filing date: 1996-10-21
Publication date: 1997-06-25

Abstract

The characteristic lies in that it uses 478 as female parent and 8326 as male parent, under the isolation condition, the detasseling artificial cross breeding is undergone. The reciprocal hybrid 8326X478 can also be used. Compared with the Chengdan No.14 which is applied in large area at present, the obtained Chengdan No.20 can increase production by 15.755%. The characteristics are obviously increasing production, compact plant type, mid-ripe, good fecundity, high grain percentage, strong resistance to disease, high yield and good quality.

Description

The selection of corn hybrid seed

The invention belongs to corn hybrid use of advantage field.

The existing nearly 100 years history of utilization research of world's corn hybrid advantage is because the utilization and extention of this achievement in research is applied corn hybrid seed in the world.In the Maize Production of China, because vast corn breeding worker and popularization person's joint efforts, hybrid maize reaches universal in the seventies, because popularizing of hybrid maize improves China's Maize Production level greatly.National corn per mu yield reached 329 kilograms in 1994, and gross output reaches 10,435 ten thousand kilograms.Improve 200% and 498% than before popularizing respectively, still, compare with the U.S., gap is still very big, and the per mu yield of the U.S. in 1994 is 579 kilograms, and 25,427 ten thousand tons of gross outputs, gap mainly show on the level of production and corresponding working condition of corn hybrid seed.In order to adapt to the fast-developing at present national economy of China, require us to accelerate to shorten the speed of this gap, aspect kind, then require our crossbreed will constantly improve raising, constantly upgrade, this is the task of top priority of China's corn breeding work.

Order of the present invention is for the corn hybrid seed that selects better, upgrades, output is higher.

Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:

With introduction is 478 to be female parent, with from 19 Sichuan corn local varieties with inbred line 8219 in the middle of seed selection becomes among the offspring of No. 2 hybridization of list, selfed breeding Cheng Gaodai inbred line 8236 is used for production for male parent or reciprocal cross preparing hybrid kind become single No. 20 from 8219 again.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:

1. plant type compactness.First-filial generation (F ₁) robust plant, the blade upper punch, the above cauline leaf angle of fruit ear less than 30 the degree, the light transmission of colony is good; Stiff in straw, fruit ear is biased low, and is favourable anti-, anti-dense planting, yield potential is big.

2. output height.Become single No. 20 plant type compactness, hybrid vigour is strong, and is disease-resistant, output is high, and multiple spot comparative test average yield per mu in 1996 reaches 605.755 kilograms, and comparison has a net increase of 82.42 kilograms for every mu according to plant into No. 14, list, and amount of increase in production reaches 15.755%.

3. disease resistance is good.In the disease resistance approval test of artificial infection pathogeny, showed as high anti-head-smut, middle Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College pinta and helminthosporium maydis in 1996.

4. wide adaptability.Become single No. 20 in Chengdu, all than becoming single 14 (contrast of Sichuan corn regional test kind) volume increase, it can adapt to the many ecotypes in Sichuan in ground plantations such as Mianyang, Nanchong, arid is frequent supports and based on the condition of spacing sleeve cropping, is the kind of a stable high yield by rain.

5. quality better.Its seed is bordering on the solids type, and cutin starch is than great, and starch quality is excellent.

Table 1 becomes single No. 20 (4783) comparative test results

Time and place	Kind	Per mu yield (kilogram)	Volume increase %	The F test	Seed rate %
Time and place	Kind	Per mu yield (kilogram)	Volume increase %	The F test	Seed rate %	Chengdu in 1992	4783 agricultural universities 65 (CK)	542.45 455.27	?19.15	????**	???87.5 ???85.29
Chengdu in 1993	4783 agricultural universities 65 (CK)	351.18 239.35	?46.72	????**	???84.60 ???82.25	Chengdu in 1992	4783 agricultural universities 65 (CK)	542.45 455.27	?19.15	????**	???87.5 ???85.29
Chengdu in 1993	4783 agricultural universities 65 (CK)	351.18 239.35	?46.72	????**	???84.60 ???82.25	Nineteen ninety-five Chengdu	65 (the CK of 4783 agricultural universities ₁) the single 14 (CK of one-tenth ₂)	541.9 421.4 456.3	28.60 and 18.8	???? ????	???87.30 ???81.60 ???85.54
Mianyang in 1996, Nanchong	4783 one-tenth single 14 (CK)	605.55 523.13	?15.755	????**	???88.60 ???85.90	Nineteen ninety-five Chengdu		541.9 421.4 456.3	28.60 and 18.8	???? ????	???87.30 ???81.60 ???85.54

Accompanying drawing is to become single No. 20 breeding line spectrogram.

Introduce the present invention below in detail:

1. parental source and feature thereof:

1981 is serving as test kind of (male parent) with No. 2, middle list (M017 * from 330), and, 19 kinds such as Fengdu gingival cyst of mucous gland in the newborn do, Hechuan little prescription golden yellow greatly to native maize varieties Yunyang, Sichuan are done in the maternal coordinate force test crosses test, are chosen at the F that lets alone under the pollination condition ₁Each one on good fruit ear, it produces tassel seed all more than 150 grams.Every fringe is got 200 mixing and is reserved seed for planting, and spring nineteen eighty-two, two seasons of autumn are with seed mixture double open pollination in isolated area.Before each pollination all except that prevent or cure a disease, weak plant.Nineteen eighty-three, it was that the unit sequence sowing is maternal that preferred 50 fruit ears continue in isolating with the fringe from the fruit ear of open pollination, and with from these 50 single fringes, 45 seeds of every fringe taking-up are mixed into male parent, carry out free hybridization pollination.Still continue to remove before the pollination prevent or cure a disease, weak plant, allow its good genetic character recombinate fully, naming is 8219 colonies, the fruit ear with this free hybridization pollination in 1984 through repeated screening, is only chosen 9 single fringes of optimum at last and is planted in proper order, begins strict roguing selfing.To selfing in 1988 was 5 generations, and the genetic character of each strain system is basicly stable, and tree characteristics is neat and consistent.The 326th row then, promptly to be named be 8326 to 8219-2-1-1-1-2.

8326 feature: first leaf broad is long, the long narrow upper punch of seedling leaves, and growth potential is stronger, becomes the strain blade dark green, and upright upper punch is longer.Single-strain blade 18-20 sheet, average 19.0, the fringe position is with blade 5-7 sheet, average 6.1.The filigree redness, tassel is bigger, and branch is long and hard strong.The sterile lemma green, the flower pesticide redness, pollen amount is bigger.188.6 centimetres of plant heights, the fringe position is high 60.8 centimetres, long 14.8 centimetres of fruit ear, fringe grain line number 12-14, average 13.0 row.Fruit ear is cylindrical, the seed yellow, and the solids type, part has extremely slight depression.Full point, fecundity is good.Cob white.About 115 days breeding times.It is longer that blade is held the green phase, and disease resistance is stronger.

478 source and feature: 1991 from the introducing of Laizhou City institute of agricultural sciences, by U ₈₁₁₂* 5003 progeny selections form.First leaf broad is short, and the seedling leaves broad is long, the leaf sheath aubergine.Growth potential is medium.Become the strain dark green leaf color, the long upright upper punch of broad.The filigree green.The tassel branch is less and shorter.The sterile lemma green, the flower pesticide redness.137 centimetres of plant heights, the fringe position is high 36.3 centimetres, 15.8 centimetres of spike lengths, every tassel seed 12-14 is capable, average 12.7 row.The seed yellow, nearly solids type, cob white.About 110 days breeding times.

2. the preparing hybrid kind becomes single No. 20:

With 478 is maternal, and 8326 is male parent, carries out the artificial emasculation hybrid seeding under the isolation condition.Also available its reciprocal cross kind 8326 * 478.

Become single No. 20 feature:

Growth potential is strong, robust plant, and the leaf look dark green, upright blade upper punch, plant type compactness.It is longer that anaphase blade is held the green phase.Gao Kangsi is black sick, middle Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College spot and helminthosporium maydis.233.6 centimetres of plant heights, the fringe position is high 95.2 centimetres, 19.1 lis of spike lengths, 0.45 centimetre of bald sharp degree.Every fringe 14 row, 42 of every row.Thousand kernel weight 287 grams, the seed rate of output 88.6%.Individual plant productivity 168 grams.Fruit ear is cylindrical, the seed yellow, and semihard grain type, cob white, fecundity is good, and quality is good.

Claims

A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed is characterized in that with 478 being maternal, and 8326 is male parent, carries out the artificial emasculation hybrid seeding under the isolation condition, also available its reciprocal cross kind 8326 * 478.