CN1081888C - Breeding technology for hybrid corn chengdan-19 - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of corn heterosis utilization, which is characterized in that 687 sibling species or 687 male sterile sibling species can be intercrossed with 7327, and hybrids can be manufactured. The hybrids of the present invention has the characteristics of high yield, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, etc.

Description

The producing method for seed of corn hybrid seed

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the heterosis utilization field, specifically a kind of producing method for seed of crossbreed corn.

Background technology:

Utilizing hybrid vigour and constantly improve its inheritance, select crossbreed for use and quicken its renewal on Maize Production, is the current Maize Production of development both at home and abroad, realizes the one preferred technique of output sustained, stable growth.According to A.RHalbvf, (1987) are introduced: in the american corn increase of production, the crossbreed genetic improvement accounts for the 57-63% that corn yield improves contribution.The strong advantage of seed selection, many ecotypes of adaptation district, many anti-, elite hybrids, " difficult is to focus on assembly in choosing " (Li Jingxiong, 1988).Present american corn crossbreed is mainly from four hybrid vigour groups' germplasm, and is wherein in the majority with auspicious moral X Lancaster.The existing corn hybrid seed of China is mainly from Siping City, Tangshan head, the red bone in Luda, Lancaster, four hybrid vigour groups' of auspicious moral germplasm.Hereditary basis is narrow, influences seed selection coordinate force height, adapts to the new good child-rearing inbred line of multiclass ecological condition, and this is that the main cause on " landslide " again appears in corn hybrid seed assembly in recent years.

Summary of the invention:

The present invention is directed to the problems referred to above and on germplasm is excavated, do not limit to existing hybrid vigour pattern, actively excavate new germ plasm, create the new inbred line of " rain supports, few thin, how ripe " characteristics high-combining ability that new hybrid vigour pattern therefrom obtains to adapt to Sichuan and southwestern mountain area, many anti-, high-qualitys, and then propose a kind of production method of new corn hybrid seed according to, soil.

Below narrate main contents of the present invention:

A kind of producing method for seed of crossbreed corn is characterized in that to become 687 sterile sibling species or to become 687 male sterile sibling species be female parent, and 7327 is male parent, and father and mother sow this same period, the preparing hybrid kind.

Utilize american corn band germplasm to mix the low latitudes germplasm, breed coordinate force height, strong stress resistance, the high new inbred line " one-tenth 687 " of self output; Excavate the local germplasm of screening, the reorganization improvement is bred coordinate force, resistance has both, and the bigger new inbred line " 7327 " of tassel pollen amount; Utilize above-mentioned parent, assembly is: become 687 X 7327, i.e. the new hybrid that seed selection becomes yielding ability, resistance, adaptability to be better than existing southwest and Sichuan recommended variety becomes single 19.

Utilize the male sterile sibling species to substitute inbred line and do the parent, can reduce the cost of the production of hybrid seeds, save the labour of artificial emasculation, improve the quality and the output of the production of hybrid seeds.The corn seed production base in Sichuan and southwestern mountain area, general agriculture as the foundation of the economy condition is relatively poor, mostly there is not irrigating facility, the corn crossbreeding often because of the inbred line vitality a little less than, cause seed yield low and unstable, in addition, huge numbers of families' production of hybrid seeds peasant household, be difficult to control maternal artificial emasculation operation, be prone to technology mistake.The present invention takes the genetic improvement method, promptly in same basic strain selfing during 3 generations, isolating some sisters is, again through coordinate force test respectively, economical character criticism, select its coordinate force height, two sisters that economical character is close are that hybridization produces sibling species, utilize the male sterile sibling species to substitute inbred line and do parent's production of hybrid seeds, can improve seed yield about 20%, and remove artificial emasculation from, guarantee seed quality.

The present invention is a kind of new corn hybrid favored pattern, and promptly the local germplasm of (american corn band germplasm+low latitudes germplasm) X Southwest China is main recombined material, is different from the hybrid vigour pattern that the U.S. and China have adopted; Its two, utilizing sisters is a slight advantages, has overcome the inbred line inbreeding depression, a little less than the vitality, the problem that seed yield is low and unstable, and then utilize male sterile is exempted the operation fault of maternal artificial emasculation, guarantees seed production quality.

One-tenth 687 and sisters system thereof, the source that sterile sisters are: nineteen ninety is selected the excellent continuous selfing of involving in a criminal case from the breeding basic material " 87001 " of american corn band germplasm infiltration low latitudes germplasm, and isolate into 687-1,-2, Deng sisters' head progeny row, seven generations of selfing respectively, behind combining ability test, select wherein two coordinate force (GCA, SCA) height, the sisters system that economical character is close, import Cms-Es respectively, the male sterile kytoplasm of the different subgroups of Cms-Rb, in order to the kytoplasm crop rotation, overcome the kytoplasm unification, the hereditary fragility that may bring, samsara keeps the above nucleus substitution of five generations, through many ground sterility stability and disease resistance identify that cultivation forms for many years.

Become 687 and the feature of sisters system, sterile sisters system: in ripe, full fertility 110-115 days of sowing in spring.The seedling growing way is strong, the first elliptic leaf shape, and two to five Ye Yese are just green, and the leaf margin purple has ripple, the leaf sheath purple; Become the strain leaf curling, the straight and upright upper punch of leaf on the fringe, the fringe inferior lobe tiltedly stretches, and blade width is moderate, dark green leaf color, plant type is turriform, and fringe position and above integral shroud light transmission are good; Plant height 142-164 centimetre, the high 50-62 in fringe position centimetre; Tassel is shorter, and branch 4-7, branch and main shaft angle are less, and male small ear living closeer, sterile lemma, flower pesticide, filigree purple or aubergine, and male female blooming synchronously, pollen amount is moderate, and the powder that falls is smooth.Fruit ear and grain characters: fruit ear short cylinder shape, spike length 15-17 centimetre, tassel row number 16-18 is capable, the cob purple; The seed yellow is slightly purplish red, semihard grain type, and grain is full greatly, about thousand kernel weight 280 grams.The resistance performance: high anti-head-smut is identified in the land for growing field crops, short mosaic disease, bacterial wilt, the middle Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, helminthosporium maydis, and the sick rot of middle sense line, drought resistance is strong.

The output performance and the suitable area of one-tenth 687 and sisters system thereof, sterile sisters system: be suitable for the better-than-average soil fertility soil in level ground, hills and mountain area, breeding, the production of hybrid seeds under the higher cultivation level.Sow in spring, general mu is planted about 5000 strains, sisters system, male sterile line per mu yield 200-300 kilogram, sibling species, sterile sibling species per mu yield 250-360 kilogram.

The source of 7327 inbred lines: 1986 in local germplasm is the main short wide 10X of breeding basic material 6-2/0h43X hand over 706, selects excellently to involve seven generations of continuous selfing in a criminal case and isozygoty, identify that through combining ability test and the comparative test of hybrid combination output cultivation forms.

7327 feature: in ripe, the 115-120 days time of infertility of sowing in spring.Tree characteristics: the seedling growing way is medium, the first leaf spindle shape, and two to five leaf blade light greens, elongated, the green slightly light red of leaf sheath; Become the wide weak point of strain blade, positive green, the green stigma of armpit is arranged, stretch on blade is oblique: plant height 185-210 centimetre, the high 76-94 in fringe position centimetre; Well developed root system, aerial root is many; Bigger than normal in the tassel, branch 8-14 looses and stretches, and is big with the main shaft angle, sterile lemma, and the flower pesticide grey violet, the most advanced and sophisticated small ear of branch stalk is slightly degenerated, and pollen amount is big, and loose powder is smooth; Filigree is many, is pale red.The long tubular of fruit ear, spike length 17-21 centimetre; About tassel row number 14 row, cob white; The seed yellow, semihard grain type, thousand kernel weight 230-240 gram.The resistance performance, high anti-head-smut is identified in the land for growing field crops, bacterial wilt, leaf blight, anti-helminthosporium maydis, short mosaic disease, banded sclerotial blight.

7327 output performance and suitable area: it is better-than-average to be suitable for Pingba, hills and mountain area soil soil fertility, and fertilizer and water condition is bred preferably, the production of hybrid seeds; Planting density mu 3500-4000, as per mu yield 200-250 kilogram.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect: the present invention germplasm discover and use and the heterosis, hybrid vigor pattern on innovation to some extent, have breakthrough improving on the heterosis utilization level, this crossbreed has more powerful heterosis, hybrid vigor effect.Improving parent's vitality, ensure on the seed production quality, develop the improved measure of a cover seed production technology.The existing commercial seed of this crossbreed has following outstanding advantage:

(1) high yield is outstanding: become single 19 19,95-1996 reaches river, two places, Yibin regional test result, and per mu yield is 458.85 kilograms respectively, than 65 volume increase 15.2% of CK agricultural university, becomes single 14 volume increase 117% than CK; With 396.35 kilograms of average yield per mus, than CK agricultural university volume increase 18.9%, than single No. 9 volume increase 13.8% in CK river, two places, the district's examination of liang year all product are taking the first place.1996-1997 is in Sichuan Province's corn hybrid seed regional test (flat mound A group) result: 423.7 kilograms of 1996 annual per mu yields, than single No. 9 volume increase 7.89% in CK river, output taking the first place; 453.85 kilograms of 1997 annual per mu yields are than 437.52 kilograms of single No. 9 volume increase 10.62%, the two annual per mu yields in CK river, single 9 volume increase 9.17% in average specific CK river.Fuling City regional test result in 1997: 452.7 kilograms of average mus, than single 14 volume increase 17,6% in CK river.Yibin City was produced 333.2 mu of demonstrations in Gao County Luo Run township in 1997, and 420.6 kilograms of hundredweight per mu yields are checked and accepted in random sampling, than single No. 9 volume increase 10.1% in CK river.Cuiping District ancestor field, guest city town produces 162 mu of demonstrations, 463.0 kilograms of average yield per mus are checked and accepted in random sampling, are volume increase 27.5% than CK river single 9, and the Lian County is washed one's hair and liked that the town produces totally 635.3 mu of demonstration areas, 452.28 kilograms of the weighted mean per mu yields of sampling output are than single No. 9 volume increase 17.76% in CK river; Reach 553.5 kilograms of valley district production test average yield per mus, than single No. 9 volume increase 12.7% in CK river; 540.9 kilograms of Huidong County production test average yield per mus are than single No. 9 volume increase 12,41% in CK river; 415,3 kilograms of Nanchong City Gaoping District production test average yield per mus are than single No. 9 volume increase 11.1% in CK river.

(2) strong stress resistance: become to identify in 1995-1997 province and ground, city's regionality test for single No. 19, high resistance to bacterial wilt, head smut, short mosaic disease, the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, helminthosporium maydis, drought resistance is strong, lodging resistance is better, identify Institute of Plant Protection, unit province academy of agricultural sciences inoculation qualification result through economizing breeding tackling key problem disease resistance: high anti-head-smut (diseased plant 3.5%) anti-helminthosporium maydis (disease refers to 20.0), 22.0% and 29.6 low than single No. 9 of CK river respectively, Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's pinta (disease refers to 23.1) is a little more than 20.0 of single No. 9 of CK river.

(3) grain quality is excellent: become single 19 seed yellow; semihard grain type; endosperm cutin starch is many; food mouthful property better, through Ministry of Agriculture food quality supervision verification test center (Chengdu), academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province central laboratory test result: crude protein 9.25%, crude fat 5.52% is higher than 8.56% and 3.56% of CK respectively; lysine 0.2%; methionine 0.22%, glutamic acid 1.30%, proline 0.81% protein component such as grade are better than or maintain an equal level with CK.

(4) easy crossbreeding: single No. 19 production of hybrid seeds of one-tenth, male parent seed soaking back and female parent are broadcast the same period, and paternal plant guarantees that than maternal high 43-68cm the field spontaneous pollination is good, and the production of hybrid seeds is with maternal 6 row, and male parent 1 is gone and is planted the ripening rate height.Breed into 687 (A) X and become 687-2X or become 687-1X to become 87-2 to broadcast the same period, row was than alternate plantation in 4: 1, and is solid good.

(5) be suitable for having now the cultivation level: become about single 19 suitable planting density mus, 3200 strains, performance difference in production test, generally cultivating and growing is solid good, and bald point is little, output Gao Erwen.Take to concentrate water of the fertile end, ditch spread vola in the nonirrigated farmland, grow seedlings and plant plastic mulching, early carry seedling and heavily attack ear manuer, all can obtain higher effect of increasing production.

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 becomes 687 sterile sibling species parent propagation figure for the present invention

Fig. 2 becomes 687 sibling species parent propagation figure for the present invention

Fig. 3 becomes single 19 production of hybrid seeds figure for the present invention

Claims (1)

1, a kind of producing method for seed of crossbreed corn is characterized in that to become 687 sterile sibling species or to become 687 male sterile sibling species be female parent, and 7327 is male parent, and father and mother sow this same period, the preparing hybrid kind.

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