CN1112389A - Production method for corn hybrid - Google Patents

Abstract

The method uses crossing strain "48-2X478" or reciprocal crossing strain "478X48-2" to breed a new strain "chuan-nong single cross No. 11". Two years tests verified that the average yield per "mu" was 433.6 Kg, increased by 10.4% as compared to the contrast, the new strain features resistance to leaf-spot, smut and yellow-dwarf, drought resistance and extensive cultivation, the yield per "mu" for crop breed reached 200-250 Kg, and increased by 20% as compared to the contrast.

Description

Production method for corn hybrid

The present invention relates to a kind of production method of corn hybrid seed, belong to crop hybrid superiority and utilize technical field.

The Ping Qiu of Sichuan Province area cropping index height, frequent natural calamity, agricultural production is overall to drop into inadequately, therefore, the corn hybrid seed of this area's plantation is wanted can stable high yield, in ripe, disease-resistant, plant type is good and anti-extensive cultivation.Past " No. 2, middle list " has been satisfied these requirements preferably, for the Maize Production in Sichuan has been made positive contribution.But " No. 2, middle list " planted nearly 20 years continuously, for various reasons, this crossbreed and all obviously degenerations of this inbred line newly thereof, output reduces greatly, and disease resistance is lost gradually, and yield potentiality is brought into play totally.Continue after,, introduce a fine variety " agricultural university 65 " again in late nineteen eighties and succeed, promoted certain area,, without several years, " agricultural university 65 " slump of disastrous proportions again, cultivated area sharply descends.Simultaneously, " No. 2, middle list " and " agricultural university 65 " all are again the crossbreed of introducing from northern China, the advantage that northern in addition seed is produced, cause for many years, every year is all called in large batch of corn seed in Sichuan from the north, and this certainly will influence the productivity effect of Sichuan corn seed, also increased the weight of vast financial burden with kind of peasant household, therefore, the corn hybrid seed that more renews just becomes the thing that the Sichuan Maize Production is imminent.

The purpose of this invention is to provide one more excellent than " No. 2, middle list " and " agricultural university 65 " comprehensive proterties, and at the higher rich anti-excellent corn hybrid seed of holding concurrently of Sichuan hybrid seed yield, and improvement seed production technique, in the hope of promoting the Sichuan Maize Production to reach a new level effectively, and can promote in other provinces and regions plantation close with Sichuan Ping Qiu area natural conditions, simultaneously obviously improve the seed productivity effect again, alleviate vast financial burden, for the development Maize Production is contributed with kind of peasant household.

A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed comprises apolegamy parent, proper seeding, suitable row ratio, rational close planting, roguing measure.The present invention adopts quadrature " 48-2 * 478 " or reciprocal cross " 478 * 48-2 " preparation " No. 11, river farming single cross ".

The combination of " No. 11, river farming single cross " is " 48-2 * 478 " or reciprocal cross " 478 * 48-2 ".Wherein " 48-2 " is self bred inbred line, and draw from academy of agricultural sciences, Laizhou City, Shandong Province " 478 ".

The seed production technique in No. 11, single cross " river farming " is a step breeding system of setting up parental seed, except that general normal production of hybrid seeds program, also special with pretty kind of technology of elder sister and malesterile technique to improve seed production quality and output effectively.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:

" No. 11, river farming single cross " is that " 90074 " participate in ripe group of regional test in the flat mound of hybrid maize, Sichuan Province in 1992-1993 with code name, 434.1 kilograms of per mu yields in 1992, and comparison increases production 6.6% according to " agricultural university 65 ", volume increase point 87.5%; 433.1 kilograms of per mu yields in 1993, comparison occupies first according to " agricultural university 65 " volume increase 14.2%; 433.6 kilograms of two annual per mu yields, comparison tries by provinces and regions according to volume increase 10.4%.1992-1993 has also participated in the hybrid maize regional test of Chongqing City, Sichuan Province.445.1 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison be according to " agricultural university 60 " volume increase 10.5%, occupy respectively participate in the experiment kind first of.Participate in national corn breeding tackling key problem summer corn in 1993 and show test, 603.4 kilograms of Jinan point per mu yields, comparison is according to " tucking in single No. 4 " volume increase 16.5%; 641.7 kilograms of Shaanxi Yang Ling point per mu yields, comparison is according to " No. 14, cigarette list " volume increase 13%; 637.3 kilograms of Zhengzhou point per mu yields, comparison is according to " the yellow single 85-1 of Xin " volume increase 18.2%; Be unique consistent in 50 crossbreed providing of 23 breeding units in the whole nation in the each point performance, stable yield, the crossbreed that amount of increase in production is the highest.Also made production test in 1993 at Yingjing, the north of the Changjiang River, Dayi, Pengxi and the Sichuan Agricultural University agronomy station in Sichuan, 420.3 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison is according to volume increase 17.8%; The same year, the whole province's demonstration was 1012.5 mu, and 421.4 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison are according to " agricultural university 65 ", and " No. 2, middle list " and " tucking in single No. 4 " increases production 18.2%, 34.65% and 8.7% respectively.

Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province and Nanchong Prefecture institute of agricultural sciences plant protection chamber artificial infection qualification result show, " No. 11, river farming single cross " Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's helminthosporium maydis, middle anti-head-smut and short mosaic disease, the various places result of the test shows, " No. 11, river farming single cross " drought resistance is stronger, anti-extensive cultivation.

In recent years production of hybrid seeds practice shows that " No. 11, river farming single cross " general production of hybrid seeds per mu yield can reach the 200-250 kilogram, increases production more than 20% than system " No. 2, middle list " and " agricultural university 65 "; If adopt pretty kind of technology production of hybrid seeds of elder sister, also improve more than 25% than general production of hybrid seeds per mu yield.

Narrate embodiments of the invention below:

1, the seed selection of " No. 11, river farming single cross ": the combination of " No. 11, river farming single cross " is that " 48-2 * 478 " were in assembly in 1989, nineteen ninety is selected surely, carried out the multiple spot test in 1991, ripe group of district has a try and tests in the 1992-1993 participation flat mound of hybrid maize, Sichuan Province, carried out production test in 1993 simultaneously, large-scale demonstration has carried out quality inspection to its parent and crossbreed, and 1994 by the authorization of the Sichuan Province variety certification committee.

2, parent's " 48-2 " feature: inbred line " 48-2 " is that " maize population improvement and inbred line and the breeding hybridized method that combines " seed selection of advocating by us forms, and its basic population is that elite hybrid " Mo17 * 340 " forms with 6 elite hybrid assembly.In in December, 1992 by provincial technical appraisement, identify " three height " inbred line think a high yield that belongs to leading domestic level, high anti-, high-combining ability.Sow in spring about 125 days of the time of infertility, the seedling germinal layer is avette, the leaf sheath lavender, and blade is light green, and leaf is emerged along wavy, and growing way is prosperous, the planting percent height; Become about 230 centimeters of plant heights, high about 80 centimeters of fringe, total blade 18-19 leaf, dark green leaf color, the fringe inferior lobe slightly drapes over one's shoulders, leaf oblique impact on the fringe, Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's helminthosporium maydis, middle anti-head-smut and short mosaic disease, it is long that plant is held the green phase, individual surplus the tassel prosperity, branch ten, the flower pesticide aubergine, powder amount abundance, loose powder is good, about 7 days of individual plant loose powder duration, the rich viscosity of female Honoka silk redness (indivedual white silk fruit ears are arranged), fine hair is many; Fruit ear is long tapered, the seed yellow, and glossy, osculant is hard partially, white axle, male and female coordinations of blooming is easy to pollinate.

" 48-2 " also has the pretty system of a series of elder sisters, and transformation has the male sterile line of multiple kytoplasms such as G, class, ES, S, T, C, can adopt the pretty kind of technology of elder sister and the production of hybrid seeds of sterilization technology as required, improves hybrid seed yield and quality.

3, parent's " 478 " feature: " 478 " are to draw from academy of agricultural sciences, Laizhou City, Shandong, sows in spring about 116 days of the time of infertility, and plant height 120-140 centimetre, fringe is high about 50 centimeters; the total blade 16-17 of complete stool leaf, leaf green, tiltedly very; the tassel branch is less, slightly is pencil, the flower pesticide yellow; the normal loose powder of energy, about 5-7 of individual plant loose powder duration days, female Honoka silk was faint yellow; the fruit ear cartridge type, about head progeny row 16 row, the seed yellow; the horse flute profile, cob white, (the pretty system of red axle elder sister is arranged).

" 478 " have the pretty system of some elder sisters, and transformation has male sterile line.

4; the feature of " No. 11, river farming single cross ": about 120 days of the time of infertility, about 220 centimeters of plant height, fringe is high about 75 centimeters; the seedling growing way is prosperous, and dark green leaf color becomes about total blade 18 leaves of strain; the leaf look dark green, and the fringe inferior lobe is long slightly to drape over one's shoulders, and leaf is short and very oblique on the fringe; disease resistance is strong, and it is long that plant is held the green phase, the tassel prosperity; flower pesticide and lepicena aubergine, loose powder is good, powder amount abundance; female Honoka silk yellow has redness, single fringe type; do not have empty stalk, the drought-enduring lodging resistant force of plant is stronger, the fruit ear cartridge type; about 20 centimeters of spike length, bald sharp 0-2.4 centimetre, every fringe 14-16 is capable; the seed yellow; the horse flute profile, thousand kernel weight 300-350 gram, seed-producing rate is more than 85%.

5, the seeding technique of " No. 11, river farming single cross ": preparation " single No. 11 of river " reciprocal cross all can, the female male parent ratio of the quadrature production of hybrid seeds 5: 1, maternal " 48-2 " mu is planted the 3500-4000 strain, male parent " 478 " mu is planted the 4000-4500 strain, broadcast female parent earlier, female parent sees that pin broadcasts 10% male parent, and a maternal leaf is wholeheartedly broadcast 50% male parent, and maternal two leaves are wholeheartedly broadcast 40% male parent.Female male parent row of the reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds is than 8-10: 1, and maternal " 478 " mu is planted the 4500-5000 strain, and male parent " 48-2 " mu is planted the 3800-4200 strain, and male parent broadcasts 10% earlier, treats that it sees that pin broadcasts 70% male parent and broadcast female parent, broadcasts 20% male parent after five days.

6, the culture technique of " No. 11, river farming single cross ": " No. 11, river farming single cross " mainly is adapted to the Ping Qiu of Sichuan Province multiple cropping area and part upper level, sow in spring, summer sowing all can, also be fit to northern China summer sowing corn district, mu is planted the 3500-4000 strain, is using sufficient base fertilizer, guarantees that seedling is complete, Miao Qi, heavy dressing ear manuer on the basis that seedling is strengthened.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of selection of corn hybrid seed comprises apolegamy parent, proper seeding, suitable row ratio, rational close planting, roguing measure, it is characterized in that: adopt quadrature " 48-2 * 478 " or reciprocal cross " 478 * 48-2 " preparation " No. 11, river farming single cross ".

2, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: suitable row is than being: the female male parent row of quadrature production of hybrid seeds ratio is 5: 1, and the female male parent row of reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds ratio is 8-10: 1.

3, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: rational close planting is: quadrature maternal breeding " 48-2 " mu is planted the 3500-4000 strain, and male parent " 478 " mu is planted the 4000-4500 strain; Reciprocal cross maternal breeding " 478 " mu is planted the 4500-5000 strain, and male parent " 48-2 " mu is planted the 3800-4200 strain.

4, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: proper seeding is: female parent is broadcast in the quadrature production of hybrid seeds earlier, and female parent sees that pin broadcasts 10% male parent, and a maternal leaf is wholeheartedly broadcast 50% male parent, and maternal two leaves are wholeheartedly broadcast 40% male parent; Reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds male parent broadcasts 10% earlier, treats that it sees that pin broadcasts 70% male parent and broadcast female parent, broadcasts 20% male parent after five days.