CN1058131C - Production method for corn hybrid - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a corn hybrid breeding method which comprises the measures: the apolegamy of parents, seeding in a proper period, proper row pitch and the removal of impure and poor plants. Cross 48-2X478 or reciprocal cross 478X48-2 is used for breeding Chuannong single cross No. 11. In a regional test in Sichuan province in 1992 to 1993, the average yield of the species in two years is 433.6kg per mu. Compared with a comparison species, the average yield is increased by 10.4%. The Chuannong single cross No. 11 has the advantages of high resistance of maize leaf spot, moderate resistance of head smut and sugarcane mosaic virus, strong drought hardiness and resistance of extensive cultivation. The yield can reach 200 to 250kg per mu, and the yield can be increased by more than 20% by being compared with that of the comparison species.

Description

The production method of corn hybrid seed

The present invention relates to a kind of production method of corn hybrid seed, belong to crop hybrid superiority and utilize technical field.

The Ping Qiu of Sichuan Province area cropping index height, frequent natural calamity, agricultural production is overall to drop into inadequately, therefore, the corn hybrid seed of this area's plantation is wanted can stable high yield, in ripe, disease-resistant, plant type is good and anti-extensive cultivation.Past " No. 2, middle list " has been satisfied these requirements preferably, for the Maize Production in Sichuan has been made positive contribution.But " No. 2, middle list " planted nearly 20 years continuously, and for various reasons, this crossbreed and parental inbred line thereof are all obviously degenerated, and output reduces greatly, and disease resistance is lost gradually, and yield potentiality is brought into play totally.Continue after,, introduce a fine variety " agricultural university 65 " again in late nineteen eighties and succeed, promoted certain area,, without several years, " agricultural university 65 " slump of disastrous proportions again, cultivated area sharply descends.Simultaneously, " No. 2, middle list " and " agricultural university 65 " all are again the crossbreed of introducing from northern China, the advantage that northern in addition seed is produced, cause for many years, every year is all called in large batch of corn seed in Sichuan from the north, and this certainly will influence the productivity effect of Sichuan corn seed, also increased the weight of vast financial burden with kind of peasant household, therefore, the corn hybrid seed that more renews just becomes the thing that the Sichuan Maize Production is imminent.

The purpose of this invention is to provide one more excellent than " No. 2, middle list " and " agricultural university 65 " comprehensive proterties, and at the higher rich anti-excellent corn hybrid seed of holding concurrently of Sichuan hybrid seed yield, and improvement seed production technique, in the hope of promoting the Sichuan Maize Production to reach a new level effectively, and can promote in other provinces and regions plantation close with Sichuan Ping Qiu area natural conditions, simultaneously obviously improve the seed productivity effect again, alleviate vast financial burden, for the development Maize Production is contributed with kind of peasant household.

A kind of producing method for seed of corn hybrid seed adopts quadrature 48-2 * 478 or reciprocal cross 478 * 48-2 preparing hybrid kind.

The female male parent row of quadrature production of hybrid seeds ratio is 5: 1, and the female male parent row of reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds ratio is 8-10: 1.

Quadrature maternal breeding 48-2 mu is planted the 3500-4000 strain, and male parent is planted the 4000-4500 strain for 478 mu; The reciprocal cross maternal breeding is planted the 4500-5000 strain for 478 mu, and male parent 48-2 mu is planted the 3800-4200 strain.

Female parent is broadcast in the quadrature production of hybrid seeds earlier, and female parent sees that pin broadcasts 10% male parent, and a maternal leaf is wholeheartedly broadcast 50% male parent, and maternal two leaves are wholeheartedly broadcast 40% male parent; Reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds male parent broadcasts 10% earlier, treats that it sees that pin broadcasts 70% male parent and broadcast female parent, broadcasts 20% male parent after five days.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:

The present invention adopts the crossbreed of quadrature " 48-2 " * " 478 " or reciprocal cross " 478 " * " 48-2 " preparation to be " No. 11, river farming single cross "." No. 11, river farming single cross " is that " 90074 " participate in ripe group of regional test in the flat mound of hybrid maize, Sichuan Province in 1992-1993 with code name, 434.1 kilograms of per mu yields in 1992, and comparison increases production 6.6% according to " agricultural university 65 ", volume increase point 87.5%; 433.1 kilograms of per mu yields in 1993, comparison occupies first according to " agricultural university 65 " volume increase 14.2%; 433.6 kilograms of two annual per mu yields, comparison tries by provinces and regions according to volume increase 10.4%.1992-1993 has also participated in the hybrid maize regional test of Chongqing City, Sichuan Province.445.1 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison be according to " agricultural university 60 " volume increase 10.5%, occupy respectively participate in the experiment kind first of.Participate in national corn breeding tackling key problem summer corn in 1993 and show test, 603.4 kilograms of Jinan point per mu yields, comparison is according to " tucking in single No. 4 " volume increase 16.5%; 641.7 kilograms of Shaanxi Yang Ling point per mu yields, comparison is according to " No. 14, cigarette list " volume increase 13%; 637.3 kilograms of Zhengzhou point per mu yields, comparison is according to " the yellow single 85-1 of Xin " volume increase 18.2%; Be unique consistent in 50 crossbreed providing of 23 breeding units in the whole nation in the each point performance, stable yield, the crossbreed that amount of increase in production is the highest.Also made production test in 1993 at Yingjing, the north of the Changjiang River, Dayi, Pengxi and the Sichuan Agricultural University agronomy station in Sichuan, 420.3 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison is according to volume increase 17.8%; The same year, the whole province's demonstration was 1012.5 mu, and 421.4 kilograms of average yield per mus, comparison are according to " agricultural university 65 ", and " No. 2, middle list " and " tucking in single No. 4 " increases production 18.2%, 34.65% and 8.7% respectively.

Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province and Nanchong Prefecture institute of agricultural sciences plant protection chamber artificial infection qualification result show, " No. 11, river farming single cross " Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's helminthosporium maydis, middle anti-head-smut and short mosaic disease, the various places result of the test shows, " No. 11, river farming single cross " drought resistance is stronger, anti-extensive cultivation.

In recent years production of hybrid seeds practice shows that " No. 11, river farming single cross " general production of hybrid seeds per mu yield can reach the 200-250 kilogram, increases production more than 20% than system " No. 2, middle list " and " agricultural university 65 "; If adopt the production of hybrid seeds of sibling species technology, also improve more than 25% than general production of hybrid seeds per mu yield.

Narrate embodiments of the invention below:

1, the seed selection of " No. 11, river farming single cross ": the combination of " No. 11, river farming single cross " is that " 48-2 * 478 " were in assembly in 1989, nineteen ninety is selected surely, carried out the multiple spot test in 1991, ripe group of district has a try and tests in the 1992-1993 participation flat mound of hybrid maize, Sichuan Province, carried out production test in 1993 simultaneously, large-scale demonstration has carried out quality inspection to its parent and crossbreed, and 1994 by the authorization of the Sichuan Province variety certification committee.

2, parent's " 48-2 " feature; Inbred line " 48-2 " is that " maize population improvement and inbred line and the breeding hybridized method that combines " seed selection of advocating by us forms, and its basic population is that elite hybrid " Mo17 * 340 " forms with 6 elite hybrid assembly.In in December, 1992 by provincial technical appraisement, identify and to think " three a height " inbred line that belongs to high yield that domestic neck selects level, high anti-, high-combining ability.Sow in spring about 125 days of the time of infertility, the seedling germinal layer is avette, the leaf sheath lavender, and blade is light green, and leaf is emerged along wavy, and growing way is prosperous, the planting percent height; Become about 230 centimeters of plant heights, high about 80 centimeters of fringe, total blade 18-19 leaf, dark green leaf color, the fringe inferior lobe slightly drapes over one's shoulders, leaf oblique impact on the fringe, Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's helminthosporium maydis, middle anti-head-smut and short mosaic disease, plant hold the green phase long, tassel is flourishing, individual surplus the branch ten, flower pesticide aubergine, powder amount abundance, loose powder is good, about 7 days of individual plant loose powder duration, the rich viscosity of female Honoka silk redness (indivedual white silk fruit ears are arranged), fine hair is many; Fruit ear is long tapered, the seed yellow, and glossy, osculant is hard partially, white axle, male and female coordinations of blooming is easy to pollinate.

" 48-2 " also has a series of sisters system, and transformation has the male sterile line of multiple kytoplasms such as G, class, ES, S, T, C, can adopt the sibling species technology and the production of hybrid seeds of sterilization technology as required, improves hybrid seed yield and quality.

3, parent's " 478 " feature: " 478 " are to draw from academy of agricultural sciences, Laizhou City, Shandong, sow in spring about 116 days of the time of infertility plant height 120-140 centimetre; fringe is high about 50 centimeters, the total blade 16-17 of complete stool leaf, leaf green; tiltedly very, the tassel branch is less, slightly is pencil; the flower pesticide yellow, the normal loose powder of energy, about 5-7 of individual plant loose powder duration days; female Honoka silk is faint yellow, and the fruit ear cartridge type is about head progeny row 16 row; the seed yellow, horse flute profile, cob white (having red axle sisters to be).

" 478 " have some sisters to be, and transformation has male sterile line

4; " No. 11, river farming single cross " and feature: about 120 days of the time of infertility, about 220 centimeters of plant height, fringe is high about 75 centimeters; the growth of seedling gesture is prosperous, and dark green leaf color becomes about total blade 18 leaves of strain; the leaf look dark green, and the fringe inferior lobe is long slightly to drape over one's shoulders, and leaf is short and very oblique on the fringe; disease resistance is strong, and it is long that plant is held the green phase, the tassel prosperity; flower pesticide and lepicena aubergine, loose powder is good, powder amount abundance; female Honoka silk yellow has redness, single fringe type; do not have empty stalk, the drought-enduring lodging resistant force of plant is stronger, the fruit ear cartridge type; about 20 kilograms of spike length, bald sharp 0-2.4 centimetre, every fringe 14-16 is capable; the seed yellow; the horse flute profile, thousand kernel weight 300-350 gram, seed-producing rate is more than 85%.

5, the seeding technique of " No. 11, river farming single cross ": preparation " single No. 11 of river farming " reciprocal cross all can, the female male parent ratio of the quadrature production of hybrid seeds 5: 1, maternal " 48-2 " mu is planted the 3500-4000 strain, male parent " 478 " mu is planted the 4000-4500 strain, broadcast female parent earlier, female parent sees that pin broadcasts 10% male parent, and a maternal leaf is wholeheartedly broadcast 50% male parent, and maternal two leaves are wholeheartedly broadcast 40% male parent.Female male parent row of the reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds is than 8-10: 1, and maternal two leaves are wholeheartedly broadcast 40% male parent.Female male parent row of the reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds is than 8-10: 1, and maternal " 478 " mu is planted the 4500-5000 strain, and male parent " 48-2 " mu is planted the 3800-4200 strain, and male parent broadcasts 10% earlier, treats that it sees that pin broadcasts 70% male parent and broadcast female parent, broadcasts 20% male parent after five days.

6, the culture technique of " No. 11, river farming single cross ": " No. 11, river farming single cross " mainly is adapted to the Ping Qiu of Sichuan Province multiple cropping area and part upper level, sow in spring, summer sowing all can, also be fit to northern China summer sowing corn district, mu is planted the 3500-4000 dwarf, is using sufficient base fertilizer, guarantees that seedling is complete, Miao Qi, heavy dressing ear manuer on the basis that seedling is strengthened.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of producing method for seed of corn hybrid seed is characterized in that: adopt quadrature 48-2 * 478 or reciprocal cross 478 * 48-2 preparing hybrid kind.

2, producing method for seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the female male parent row of quadrature production of hybrid seeds ratio is 5: 1, and the female male parent row of reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds ratio is 8-10: 1.

3, producing method for seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: quadrature maternal breeding 48-2 mu is planted the 3500-4000 strain, and male parent is planted the 4000-4500 strain for 478 mu; The reciprocal cross maternal breeding is planted the 4500-5000 strain for 478 mu, and male parent 48-2 mu is planted the 3800-4200 strain.

4, producing method for seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: female parent is broadcast in the quadrature production of hybrid seeds earlier, and female parent sees that pin broadcasts 10% male parent, and a maternal leaf is wholeheartedly broadcast 50% male parent, and maternal two leaves are wholeheartedly broadcast 40% male parent; Reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds male parent broadcasts 10% earlier, treats that it sees that pin broadcasts 70% male parent and broadcast female parent, broadcasts 20% male parent after five days.