CN1125038A - Selection and breeding method for maize hybrid species - Google Patents

Abstract

The selective breeding method of maize hybrid species, belonging to the field of maize hybrid vigor utilization, involves such measures of matching parent plant, sowing in optimum time, optimum row proportion, rational close planting, roguing and artificial pollination. Said method uses the optimized head progeny row "478 you" of Ye 478 as female parent and uses the self-selective line zheng 22 as male parent to make hybridization to prepare zhengdan No.14 reciprocal hybrid.

Description

A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed

The present invention relates to a kind of selection of corn hybrid seed, belong to corn hybrid use of advantage field.

Corn is that China also is world's staple food crop, and cultivated area and gross output are only second to paddy rice and wheat, occupy the 3rd, and per unit area yield occupies first of the crop.Nearly 2,000,000,000 mu of world's gross area, 244 kilograms/mu of per unit area yields, wherein U.S.'s per unit area yield that agricultural is flourishing has reached 499.5 kilograms/mu, China's corn area has developed into more than 3.2 hundred million mu, per unit area yield is 308 kilograms/mu, and bigger with the advanced country gap, the corn per unit area yield but fluctuated always especially in recent years.Its main cause is that the peasant drops into decline; old crossbreed occupies height for a long time and does not move back; peasant technology consciousness is weak; seed is produced with scientific research and is disconnected; the research funding wretched insufficiency; it is difficult to cause new excellent crossbreed to promote, and some are not so good in addition newly educates crossbreed and flood market by regional protectionism etc., has more aggravated the seriousness of this situation.No. 2, Zheng Dan No. 2 (Siping City, pool head * obtain white), middle list (M017 * from 330), cigarette list 14 (M017 * Huang early 4) etc. are eliminated gradually, (Zheng 32 * Huang morning 4) high yield potential is little to tuck in single No. 4 (8112 * yellow early 4), Henan beautiful No. 2, tuck in single No. 2 (tuck in 107 * yellow early 4), it is red that beautiful 13 (M017 * E28) plants sexual involution, output is not high, tucking in single No. 12 (478 * 81515) output slightly improves, but double infection bacterial wilt, Yedan No.13 number (478 * red 340) fruit ear is bigger, yield potential is bigger, but ripe later, not enough stable yields and not anti-some disease.

Purpose of the present invention is exactly to select that height is joined, the good inbred line of good, the moderate growth duration of anti-, big fringe, plant type how, and then assembly goes out that high yield potential is big, yield stability good, the strong new hybrid of hybrid vigour of best in quality, high anti-multiple diseases, wide adaptability, the perpendicular big fringe of leaf.

A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed comprises the apolegamy parent, proper seeding, suitable row ratio, rational close planting, roguing, artificial pollination measure.It is characterized in that No. 14 (original name Zheng tries 201) parental combinations of Zheng Dan and cross-breeding technology, with drawing outward is to tuck in 478 preferred head progeny row 478 excellent works female parents, self bred inbred line Zheng 22 (comprises that ((B * C), Zheng 22 (A * C) three sibling species) make male parent for A * B), Zheng 22 for Zheng 22A, Zheng 22B, Zheng 22C three sisters system and Zheng 22, hybridization preparation No. 14 reciprocal cross crossbreed of Zheng Dan (parental combination) and supporting seeding technique thereof, thus corn yield per unit area improved.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect:

(1) No. 14 (Zheng tries 201) output of crossbreed Zheng Dan height, yield potential are big: average yield per mu 536.6kg in the examination of corn dark zone, Henan Province in 1992, and comparison is 23.5% according to kind of a Shendan No.7 mu volume increase 102.1kg; 1993-1994 is average yield per mu 543.8kg in Henan Province's corn regional test (interplanting group), than Shendan No.7 number (CK) volume increase 833kg, is 17.0%, ranks first.Average yield per mu 442.6kg in the north, whole nation district's examination (middle heat group) in 1994, comparison is 12.0% according to kind of Yedan No.13 number volume increase 52.2kg, wherein Shanxi, Ji, Shandong, Henan, Su Wu economize 7 average yield per mu 465.0kg, than Yedan No.13 number volume increase 21.0%, rank first.Average yield per mu 441.2kg in Anhui Province's corn regional test than tucking in single No. 2 (CK) volume increase 7.8%, occupies second; Average yield per mu 588.4kg in the examination of state district, the south of Guizhou Province, Guizhou than agricultural university 60 (CK) volume increase 7.5%, ranks first; Average yield per mu 627.5kg in the prerun of Ningxia than Yedan No.13 number volume increase 11.8%, than tucking in single No. 19 volume increase 28.4%, ranks first.The preceding farm per mu yield 1083.7kg in Ningxia is than Yedan No.13 number and No. 19 volume increase 6.8% and 10.0%; At Linxia, Gansu per mu yield kg more than 900, than No. 2 volume increase 30% of middle list; In Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Siping City test is than lucky single 180 volume increase 15%, in Shijiazhuang, Hebei, Wangdu, Zhao County, the equal per mu yield 501.1kg of Baixiang isanomal,, rank first than Yedan No.13 number volume increase 15-62.6%; At Tianjin Dagang District test per mu yield 543kg,, rank first than Shendan No.7 number volume increase 17.4%; In Yantai, Shandong, 5 per mu yields 445.6 in Weifang and 511.6 kg, than Yedan No.13 number volume increase 21.1% and 14.3%; In the Hancheng, Shaanxi, Tongchuan, Hanzhong is than red beautiful No. 13 volume increase 7.3-71.2%, rank first; Increase production 14.3% in Xiangfan, Hubei than red beautiful No. 13; In Fuling, Sichuan, Nanchong, Zi Gong 7 experimental tests is than river single No. 9 and agricultural university's 65 volume increase 7.1% and 28.1, rank first; , rank first than Yedan No.13 number and single No. 9 volume increase 25.2% and 28.1% in river at Guizhou Kaili City and Zunyi.The 105 mu of yielding Demonstration in back river town, Changge City, Henan in 1994, under the serious situation of the year of the great drought plague of insects, average yield per mu 620.0kg still, than tucking in single No. 2 volume increase 29.2%, wherein two each 3 mu of average yield per mus are respectively 819.4 and 787.8kg.Nineteen ninety-five Zheng Dan has participated in Henan Province for No. 14 and has produced demonstration, whole nation corn regional test, trivial examination in Anhui Province and Ningxia and production test, the examination of provinces and regions, Shaanxi, Hebei, Shandong, Guizhou, Jilin, Gansu Province's prerun, Henan, peaceful, Shan, Ji, Shandong, expensive, river, Ji, sweet, Hunan, Hubei Province, Jiangxi, Fujian, wide, osmanthus, new, blue or green, black, the Liao Dynasty, Shanxi, Shanghai, Soviet Union, Zhejiang, capital, Tianjin is provincial and prefecture-level introduction and Experiment, all has outstanding performance according to feedack.

(2) yield stability is good: analyze according to provinces and regions examinations, No. 14 coefficient of variation of the yield minimums between each point of Zheng Dan change also very for a short time between the time, and 1,994 0 the experimental tests demonstration performance of being close on sixty years of age are consistent.The nineteen ninety-five reflection is better.

(3) wide adaptability: be fit to the middle and south, China northeast and each province, northwest and sow in spring, North China, each province, Central China summer sowing (the iron stubble is robbed and broadcast or the Mai Long interplanting behind the wheat), the medium above fertility ground plantation of more than 20 provinces (city, district) such as the southeast, southwest, south China spring, summer, autumn sowing.

(4) nutritional quality is good: protein and lysine content (11.28% and 0.36%) are higher more than 30% than general kind, fat 4.5%, starch 69.4%.

(5) anti-disease-resistant: because of low sturdy, high resistant to lodging, the high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, stigma, fringe Maize Ear Rot in its well developed root system, the cane, an anti-blue or green withered and silk dust-brand, line be withered, downgrade multiple diseases such as leaf, the bar greenery maturation of living.

(6) comprehensive proterties is good: about 98 days breeding times of Zhengzhou summer sowing.Seedling leaf sheath green, basal part of stem has the purple speckle, leaf dark green, growth potential is strong.Plant height 210-240cm is about the high 80-90cm in fringe position.Fringe top cauline leaf angle is generally the 30-40 degree, than upper punch.Cane inclines slightly to a side on the fringe.Become the strain blade dark green, blade is more roomy, and especially excellent three leaves are wide and slightly long, more open and more flat.The tassel branch is longer, and branch amount 16-26, flower pesticide is lavender.How early weave silk in loose powder one day, filigree is dark green.Internode is sturdy under the fringe, well developed root system.The long taper of fruit ear, fecundity is good, general spike length 20-30cm, the thick 5.0-6.0cm of fringe mostly is 16 row, row grain number 38-50 grain, grain number per spike 580-700, thousand kernel weight 320-380 gram, the district that sows in spring can reach 450 grams, seed-producing rate 85%-88%.The axle pink, seed yellow, half horse flute profile.

The feature of inbred line and crossbreed:

478 is excellent: be from tucking in 478 of dish state, Shandong Province academy of agricultural sciences, city seed selection preferably form continuously (with tuck in 478 plant forms and do not have big-difference, only coordinate force slightly improves, tuck in 478 or its homology system tuck in 488 etc. and can substitute, must not use and tuck in 8001 non-sibling species).About 115 days breeding times of Zhengzhou summer sowing.Seedling leaf sheath purple, the blade yellow green, and light yellow striped is arranged.The seedling growth gesture is strong.Plant height 140-160cm, the high 50-65cm in fringe position, complete stool number of blade 18-20.Leaf 5-6 sheet on the fringe, upper punch.Last top is close to cane and tassel, and vein is strong, and the fringe lower blade has obvious gauffer, and is more open and more flat.Become the strain blade to be bottle green.Tassel branch 10-15.Individual plant loose powder phase 5-7 days.The flower pesticide lilac.The filigree cyan.Male and female are coordinated.Internode is sturdy under the fringe, and well developed root system is high resistant to lodging.More anti-helminthosporium maydis is gently felt leaf blight, ear rot, virus disease and smut.Fruit ear is a cartridge type, tassel row number 12-16, and axle is thinner, white.Seed horse flute profile, yellow, thousand kernel weight 250-280 gram.

Zheng 22: to be the academy of agricultural sciences, Henan Province from [(solely green grass or young crops * E28) * trip 9 is wide] three hand over, and continuous 8 generations pedigree seed selection forms the combination.About 110 days breeding times of Zhengzhou summer sowing.The seedling leaf sheath is dark green, and base portion has purple speckle, leaf green.The seedling growth gesture is strong.Plant height 160-170cm, the high 60-70cm in fringe position, the thick 2.1～2.3cm of stem, complete stool number of blade 18-21, blade is long broad slightly.Leaf 5-7 sheet on the fringe.Vein is harder, than upper punch.The fringe lower blade is more open and more flat.Filigree phase leaf look yellowish green, and male and female are coordinated.Pustulation period becomes the strain blade to be bottle green, and vein is softer, and blade 1/4 place is obviously sagging.Tassel branch 20-26, pollen amount is especially big, and heat-resisting ability is strong, and individual plant loose powder phase 6-8 days, sterile lemma green, flower pesticide green.The filigree yellow green.Slightly more strong in the cane, root system is flourishing, in resistant to lodging, the high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, helminthosporium maydis, head smut, bacterial wilt, virus disease, in anti-smut, fruit ear taper, spike length 15-18cm, thick 4.9-5.3cm, tassel row number 16-22 is capable, red axle, and seed is osculant, it is orange-yellow to light yellow that three sisters are that a look is, thousand kernel weight 200-250g.

Parental combination and cross-breeding technology:

Parental combination is: 478 excellent (comprise tuck in 478 and sisters system) * Zheng 22 (A, B, C three are and A * B, B * C, A * C three sibling species) quadrature and reciprocal cross combination thereof.Father and mother sow this same period.Suitable row is than being the district 1 that sows in spring: 8-10, summer sowing district 1: 5～6., isolate requirement and other corn in the time and be separated by 30-40 days at a distance of more than the 300m at requirement and other corn on the distance isolation.General line-spacing 57-60cm, spacing in the rows 16-17cm; Every mu of maternal 4500-5000 strain/mu, male parent 500-800 strain/mu should be respectively in seedling stage, and shooting stage and the strict roguing of typhon mouth phase don't fail to finish before taking out hero in thorough roguing, and strict leading band 1-3 blade is thoroughly castrated.Summer sowing production of hybrid seeds wet weather should carry out artificial supplementary pollination when serious.Should cut off male parent after the pollination, guarantee seed quality, can improve hybrid seed yield simultaneously.Sow in spring and distinguish general per mu yield 400-500kg, summer sowing 250-300kg/ mu.

Crossbreed cultivation main points:

Live or medium above fertility such as spring, autumn sowing ground plantation behind suitable Mai Long point (cover) kind, the wheat, the Henan summer sowing generally should finish before June 10, should adopt wide-narrow row planting, wide capable 76cm-83cm, narrow row 50cm, produce in the planting density field with 3000 strain/mus about, middle high-yield field with 3500 strain/mus about, the high-yield field is advisable about with 3700 strain/mus.The high-yield field notes increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer and zinc fertilizer.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of selection of corn hybrid seed, comprise the apolegamy parent, measures such as proper seeding, suitable row ratio, rational close planting, artificial pollination, it is characterized in that adopting and tuck in 478 preferred head progeny row " 478 is excellent " (comprise tuck in 478,488 etc. homology system) and do maternal, self bred inbred line Zheng 22 (comprising its sisters system and sibling species thereof) makes male parent, No. 14 (Zheng tries 201) reciprocal cross of hybridization preparation Zheng Dan crossbreed.

2, selection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that suitable row than being the district 1: 8～10 that sows in spring, summer sowing district 1: 5～6.

3, selection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that proper seeding is that father and mother sow this same period, spatially require with other corn at a distance of more than the 300m, go up between at seeding time require with other corn at a distance of 30～40 days.

4, selection as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that rational close planting, general maternal line-spacing 57～60cm, spacing in the rows 16～17cm, male parent line-spacing 63～67cm, spacing in the rows 26～27cm, every mu of female parent 4500～5000 strains, male parent 500-800 strain/mu.