CN1161136A - Method for breeding seeds of hybridized waize - Google Patents
Method for breeding seeds of hybridized waize Download PDFInfo
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- CN1161136A CN1161136A CN 97103863 CN97103863A CN1161136A CN 1161136 A CN1161136 A CN 1161136A CN 97103863 CN97103863 CN 97103863 CN 97103863 A CN97103863 A CN 97103863A CN 1161136 A CN1161136 A CN 1161136A
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Abstract
A seed selection method for hybridized corn includes parent selection, optimum sowing time, appropriate row span, rational condensed planting, rouging, artificial pollination etc. It uses self selecting strain yellow C and self selecting strain 178 for reciprocal cross to make up the hybridized seed Agricultural University 108.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of selection of corn hybrid seed, belong to corn hybrid use of advantage field.
Corn is staple food crop and a forage crop in the world, is only second to the 3rd in paddy rice and wheat, residence in China, and per unit area yield occupies first of the crop.Nearly 2,000,000,000 mu of world's gross area, per unit area yield is about 350 kilograms/mu.Wherein U.S.'s per unit area yield reaches 500 kilograms/mu.China's corn area has developed into 3.4 hundred million mu (corn planting is being accelerated development in the south rice producing region, to solve the deficiency of feed), but per unit area yield is not high, and only 326 kilograms/mu, in recent years and fluctuate.Its main cause is peasant's a insufficient investment, technology awareness weakness, research funding wretched insufficiency, old crossbreed long-term planting seriously mixes degeneration, greatly reduces original hybrid vigour, and the new hybrid seed selection, promote difficultly, the new and old variety rotation cycle is oversize.The not so good crossbreed of some that newly breed floods market by reasons such as local protectionisms in addition, has more aggravated the seriousness of this situation.Middle single No. 2 (Mo17x330), No. 2, Zheng Dan (x of Siping City, the pool obtains white), cigarette list 14 (yellow morning 4 of Mo17x) etc. was planted for two more than ten years, was not eliminated yet at present.Red beautiful 13 (Mo17xE28), Yedan No.13 (478x340), Shendan No.7 (5003xE28), agricultural university 60 kind of property such as (combining 31x5003) is serious degradation, or susceptible serious, and output is not high.Till 96 years, about 1,500,000,000 kilograms of seeds have been overstock in the whole nation according to estimates, and (plantation in enough 2 years), major part all is above-mentioned this class crossbreed.
The objective of the invention is to the problem at above-mentioned corn hybrid seed, the good inbred line that seed selection coordinate force height, strong stress resistance, economical character are good, be fit to breeding time cultivates that a kind of yield potential is big, yield stability good.Anti-multiple diseases, to illumination-insensitive, wide adaptability, quality better, the new hybrid that hybrid vigour is strong.
Below narrate main contents of the present invention.
A kind of selection of corn hybrid seed comprises apolegamy parent, proper seeding, suitable row ratio, florescence adjusting, artificial pollination and rational close planting measure, and the present invention adopts yellow C of self bred inbred line and self bred inbred line 178, does reciprocal cross, preparation agricultural university 108 crossbreed.
Suitable row of the present invention is than being to make a comment or criticism that to join be 1: 3-4, counter joining is 1: 4-5.
Broadcast maternal yellow C when proper seeding of the present invention is meant quadrature earlier, broadcast the first phase male parent during leaf, broadcast the second phase male parent during two leaves; Female parent 178 is broadcast together with the first phase male parent during reciprocal cross, broadcasts second phase male parent 5 days evenings.Require on the space with other corn at a distance of more than the 300m, go up between at seeding time and require to be separated by 30-40 days with other corn.
Rational close planting of the present invention is meant maternal every mu of density 4000-4500 strains, about 1000 strains of every mu of density of male parent.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:
1, output height, the big crossbreed of yield potential agricultural university participated in Beijing's preliminary experiment average yield per mu in 108 1994 years and reaches 436.8kg, and comparison is according to Yedan No.13 per mu yield 289.2kg volume increase 52%, and the some per mu yield of extensively long-pending village, Yanqing County reaches 862kg.Participate in the district's examination of the corn whole nation simultaneously, comprise 11 provinces and cities, 23 points such as Hebei, Tianjin, Jilin, Liaoning, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Hunan, Inner Mongol, average yield per mu 581.3kg is than No. 2 per mu yield 457.6kg volume increase 27% of middle list, than Shendan No.7 per mu yield 466.0kg volume increase 24.7%.95 years areas of Beijing examination average yield per mu 542.4kg, comparison is according to Yedan No.13 per mu yield 312kg volume increase 80%, and comparison is according to the 60 per mu yield 375kg of agricultural university volume increase 45%.New varieties are showed field product 520.4kg, and comparison is according to Yedan No.13 per mu yield 326.3kg volume increase 59.5%, and than the 60 per mu yield 340.7kg of agricultural university, volume increase 52.7% ranks first.Whole nation new varieties screening point per mu yield 517.2kg, Yedan No.13 per mu yield 277.2kg is shone in comparison, volume increase 86.6%, than the beautiful 13 per mu yield 224.4kg volume increase 130.5% of pellet, than Shendan No.7 per mu yield 291.6kg, volume increase 77.4%.Whole nation northeast, North China and northwest wide field trial and layout voluntarily and reach 15 provinces and cities, 65 points, average yield per mu 550.2kg, comparison is according to Yedan No.13 volume increase 59.69%, than Shendan No.7 volume increase 31.5%, than red beautiful 13 volume increase 37.7%, than No. 2 volume increase 38.0% of middle list, than agricultural university's 60 volume increase 23.3%.
96 years areas of Beijing examination average yield per mu 442.2kg, than Yedan No.13 per mu yield 352.6kg, volume increase 25% ranks first.Show field average yield per mu 614.33kg, than Yedan No.13 per mu yield 415.8kg, volume increase 47.7% ranks first.Whole nation screening varieties point average yield per mu 609.5kg, than Yedan No.13 per mu yield 409.8kg, volume increase 48.7%, than the beautiful 13 per mu yield 313.3kg of pellet, volume increase 94.5% ranks first.Sanhe City, Hebei province test in 94-96 three years average yield per mu 555.7kg, comparison 45.2%, three year all was first and second position according to Yedan No.13 volume increase 34% than the Shendan No.7 volume increase.94-96 three annual per mu yield 563.05kg of Zunhua City than red beautiful 13 volume increase 67.8%, occupy the 1st, 2.Economize spring corn wide field trial average yield per mu 543.07kg,,, occupy first than Shendan No.7 volume increase 21.66% than red beautiful 13 volume increase 37.05%.District's examination 4 some average yield per mu 779.6kg in the whole nation, Shanxi Province rank first, and comparison is according to red beautiful 13 volume increase 22.2%, than agricultural university's 60 volume increase 11.8%.The whole nation, Liaoning Province district's pilot average yield per mu 564.1kg, comparison is according to red beautiful 13 volume increase 33.2%, than Shendan No.7 volume increase 16.5%.The whole nation, Jilin Province district's pilot average yield per mu 627.9kg, comparison is according to red beautiful 13 volume increase 122.4%, and the district's examination of northwest Da Qu group comprises Ningxia, Gansu, the average yield per mu 653.93kg of Xinjiang three provinces and cities, than red beautiful 13 volume increase 15.68%.Also all has planted experimentally in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi etc., also good according to the reflection performance, the formal participation big trivial examination in southwest in 97 years.
2, yield stability is good according to areas of Beijing examination with show the field interpretation of result, and the coefficient of variation of agricultural university 108 between each point is little, and yield stability is good, changes also for a short time between the time, and the examination demonstration performance of whole nation district is consistent.
3, wide adaptability is according to performance over the years, can sow in spring in Beijing, northern Hebei, North of Shanxi, the north, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Jilin and Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, can overlap on the south Beijing and broadcast and summer sowing, be fit to area plantations such as northeast, North China, northwest, southwest and the Yellow River and Huai He River sea.
4, anti-ly fall, one of drought resisting, disease-resistant its outstanding feature be that well developed root system, cane are tough and tensile, measures totally 8 layers 78.3 of root systems according to 95 years, Duo 5 than Yedan No.13, thereby performance is anti-, drought resisting, waterlogging-resistant.Seldom lodging of whole nation district examination demonstration.Drought resistance was determined as 1 grade in 96 years, and contrast red beautiful 13 is 4 grades.Plant also apparent altitude drought resisting in loess plateau, northern Shensi arid, the rain district of increasing soil fertility, plant is short strong, and is verdure when ripe.
The high under field conditions (factors) Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College of disease resistance, helminthosporium maydis, virus disease, silk dust-brand.Resistance to bacterial wilt, in anti-banded sclerotial blight, Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's helminthosporium maydis, short floral leaf and rough dwarf disease, middle resistance to bacterial wilt are identified in inoculation.
5, well the comparison of seed lysine content is high by 40% according to Yedan No.13 according to surveying and determination for nutritional quality, and oil content is higher by 21% than Yedan No.13.
6, sow in spring about 125 days of breeding time in the good Beijing of comprehensive proterties, but summer sowing on the south the Shijiazhuang.Plant height 250-270cm is about the steady high 110cm in position.The cane stalwartness, Ye Kuanzhi, look dense.The above leaf upper punch in fringe position, the fringe position is open and flat with inferior lobe, becomes tower, is more satisfactory plant type.7 average leaves of leaf reach 42.27 (it is 41.33 that contrast tucks in 13) to value about the fringe position according to surveying and determination.The individual plant leaf area is big, reaches 1m
2About.Under the density of every mu 4000 strain, leaf-area coefficient reaches 6.39, (Yedan No.13 is 5.4) during taking out hero and weaving silk.The grouting later stage remains on 3.7, and Yedan No.13 then drops to 3.12.Maturing stage still has 12-13 sheet greenery, and Yedan No.13 has only the 9-10 sheet, illustrates that there is bigger leaf area in agricultural university 108 and well protects green property.According to the study within the specific limits, it is relevant that leaf area size and fringe grain heavily are directly proportional, and illustrates that leaf area is big, and yield potentiality is big.
Narrate embodiments of the invention below:
One, the feature of crossbreed agricultural university 108:
The seeding technique of parental inbred line seed selection, assembly and the crossbreed of agricultural university 108.The maternal yellow C of self bred inbred line has domestic good system (yellow little 162 and 330) and tropical hot subzone germplasm (Tuxepeno).It is Mo17 and Pioneer Electronic Corp.'s crossbreed germplasm that male parent 178 has the U.S..Hereditary basis is abundant and extensive, and this is not have in the domestic crossbreed of having promoted, belongs to initiative.With this two is the agricultural university 108 positive and negative crossbreed and the matched breeding technology thereof of hybridization preparation, thereby has improved the output and the resistance of unit are.
The outstanding feature of agricultural university 108 is chlorophyll content height, and leaf is than great, the photosynthetic efficiency height.Taking out the male one phase chlorophyll content of weaving silk according to surveying and determination is every g blade 3.68mg, leaf proportion 5.63mg/cm
2, and Yedan No.13 is respectively 3.16mg/g blade and 5.1mg/cm
2Grouting later stage chlorophyll content is still up to the 3.91mg/g blade, and Yedan No.13 then drops to the 2.94mg/g blade.Agricultural university's 108 photosynthesis assimilation rate height, grouting later stage fringe position leaf photosynthetic rate reaches 52.3mg co
2/ dm
2.h, Yedan No.13 then drops to 38mg co
2/ dm
2.h, agricultural university 108 is flat higher by 37.6% than Yedan No.13.1996 respectively at typhon mouth phase, the phase of reeling off raw silk from cocoons, pustulation period and maturing stage mensuration photosynthetic rate, the 108 average out to 45.02mg co of agricultural university
2/ dm
2.h, be first of 10 kinds of participating in the experiment, comparison is according to red beautiful 13 36.06mg co
2/ dm
2.h high 22.07%.Even thereby the overcast and rainy few photograph of growing period, 108 full seeds still.
The Xiao Hua differentiation number and the ripening rate of agricultural university 108 are all high, measure Xiao Hua differentiation number and reach 925, ripening rate 68.5% in 95 years.Comparison is according to many 56 of Yedan No.13 Xiao Hua number, and ripening rate is high by 4%.
The closely long cartridge type of agricultural university's 108 fruit ears, general spike length 20cm, the thick 4.9cm of fringe, 16-18 is capable for the grain line number, about 40 of row grain number.Thousand kernel weight 300-350g, seed-producing rate about 85%.The cob light red, seed semi-rigid, yellow.Embryo is bigger, quality better.Gaocheng City, Hebei processes fresh and tender seed can, and the reflection food flavor is good, the Expanding Market.
Two, the assembly of the seed selection of parental inbred line and crossbreed:
1, the seed selection beginning of the seventies of yellow C, the genetic breeding of upright topic research high-quality protein maize.Introduce high-lysine germplasm (Opaque-2, abbreviation O from the Yugoslavia and the U.S.
2), in order to transformation a collection of domestic good inbred line.Use O
2Yellow little by 162 (precocious system) and (O
2330 late-maturing systems) hybridization, seed selection have the second cycle line of two parent's features concurrently.Nineteen eighty-two has been introduced the high-quality protein maize germplasm China ink white maize (Tuxepeno) with endosperm modifier gene from Mexico wheat and corn center (CIMMYT), and with above-mentioned second cycle line hybridization, purpose is to think improvement (O
2Yellow little 162xO
2330) the endosperm quality of choosing system.Summer in 1989 is arid especially, experimental field do not water again, damage caused by a drought is special serious, the blade of overwhelming majority material is all withered or sallow in various degree, have only two row choosing systems (A89882 A89883) the performance plant of this hybrid combination short strong, verdure, tassel is thick, advantage such as embodied distinctive resistance of tropical and subtropical zone germplasm and well developed root system, plant is in great numbers, photosynthesis is strong.Select the back emphasis and bred, and isolate 5 sisters systems preferably, name yellow 6230TPA, B, C, D, E for for simplicity, is called for short yellow A, yellow B, yellow C, yellow D, yellow E.
2, O was used in 178 seed selection in 1988
2The crossbreed hybridization (three hand over) of Mo17 and Pioneer Electronic Corp., choosing is from the offspring again, and wherein the 178th row is better with the combination of yellow C, and assembly in 91 years success identified in the school that per mu yield 748kg occupied first in 92 years.93 years product occupy first than garden per mu yield 650kg.Participated in whole nation spy in 94 years and give examination with corn regional test and Beijing.Participated in areas of Beijing examination and national northeast, North China, the district's examination of northwest Da Qu group in 95,96 years, performance high yield and good resistance.
Utilizing sisters is that the improvement single cross hybrid of preparation is also done well, and helps enlarging breeding of crossbreed.
3, the feature of parental inbred line
Yellow C sows in spring 125 days breeding times plant height 150-160cm, the high 40-50cm in fringe position in Beijing.Ye Kuanzhi, ripple is few, and than upper punch, top vane is adjacent to tassel, and middle part blade point slightly drapes over one's shoulders, and the leaf look light is slightly, and bar is thick.Big in the tassel, the branch angle is less, and pollen amount is big, and the loose powder time is long.The sterile lemma green, the filigree green.Fruit ear about 15cm that grows up, 14-16 is capable.Two fringes are good, and two fringes were more or less the same when cultivation condition was good.Bract is long, and as the weather arid, filigree is extracted out slow, the uncomfortable phenomenon of male and female can occur, need cut bract and artificial supplementary pollination.In Hainan Island or the bigger area of day and night temperature then do not have this phenomenon.Seed half horse tooth, top, translucent, big in the grain, thousand kernel weight 200g.The cob redness.Disease resistance is good, as the later stage wet weather, some fringe kernel rots is arranged.Seed lysine content height accounts for 0.41% of full seed number, relies ammonia content high by 60% than conventional corn seed.
This material happiness rich water, suitable planting soil is fertile, plot that can the row of filling.Suitable day and night temperature is big, virus disease light area plantation, density 4000-4500 strain/mu.
Uncomfortable for preventing male and female, guarantee that pollination is solid good, can consider interval sowing, broadcast 1 row (5: 1) in late 5 days again every 5 row.
Sow in spring 120 days breeding times in 178 Beijing, plant height 165cm, the high about 50cm of fringe.Seedling growth is vigorous, and leaf is generous, look dense upper punch, and top minority blade tip has distortion.Tassel is less, and branch is short, sterile lemma green, filigree green.Female, the male coordination taken out hero, loose powder, reeled off raw silk from cocoons all soon, and grouting is fast.Robust plant, disease resistance is good, spike length 11cm, 12 row, grain coloured gold Huang, transparent, solids type, the about 220g of thousand kernel weight.
About planting density 4500 strain/mus, good as fertilizer and water condition, per mu yield can reach 250kg.
Three, parental combination and cross-breeding technology:
Parental combination is: yellow Cx178, quadrature and reciprocal cross combination thereof.Maternal yellow C is broadcast in positive timing earlier, broadcasts the first phase male parent during leaf, broadcasts the 2nd phase male parent during two leaves.Anti-timing, female parent 178 is broadcast together with the yellow C of first phase male parent, sows in spring and broadcasts second phase male parent in late 5-7 days, and second phase male parent was broadcast in summer sowing in late 3-5 days.Father and mother's one's own profession is than just joining 1: 3-1: 4, instead join 1: 4-1: 5.Planting density is just being joined full field density 4500-5000 strain/mu, the anti-full field density 5000-5500 strain/mu of joining.Seed farm and other corn fields will be isolated more than the 300m.Time insulation request and other corn 30-40 days at interval.In seedling stage, shooting stage, the strict roguing of typhon mouth phase, must before taking out hero, thorough roguing finish.Maternal strict leading the castration, band 1-3 sheet leaf was not pulled out before tassel was appeared.As arid or overcast and rainy serious, should carry out artificial supplementary pollination.Should cut off male parent after the pollination, guarantee seed production quality and improve hybrid seed yield.General per mu yield 250-300kg.
Four, crossbreed cultivation main points:
Agricultural university's 108 happiness rich water, plant is in great numbers, and yield potential is big.But the biased height of fringe, suitable suitably control in early stage rich water to urge surely base of root, shortens the bottom internode.To strengthen cultivation and banking with fertilising behind the jointing.But typhon mouth phase heavy dressing fertilizer, and note enriching K fertilizer.Later stage is noted field drainage, prevents waterlogging caused by excessive rain, to alleviate the generation of banded sclerotial blight and bacterial wilt.Density should not be too high, under the general fertilizer and water condition, and spring sowing 3000-3500 strain/mu, condition can suitably increase well.But summer sowing 4000-4500 strain/mu.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of selection of corn hybrid seed, comprise apolegamy parent, proper seeding, suitable row ratio, florescence adjusting, artificial pollination and rational close planting measure, it is characterized in that: adopt yellow C of self bred inbred line and self bred inbred line 178, do reciprocal cross, preparation agricultural university 108 crossbreed.
2, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: suitable row is than being to make a comment or criticism that to join be 1: 3-4, counter joining is 1: 4-5.
3, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: broadcast maternal yellow C when proper seeding is meant quadrature earlier, broadcast the first phase male parent during leaf, broadcast the second phase male parent during two leaves; Female parent 178 is broadcast together with the first phase male parent during reciprocal cross, broadcasts second phase male parent 5 days evenings; Require on the space with other corn at a distance of more than the 300m, go up between at seeding time and require to be separated by 30-40 days with other corn.
4, selection according to claim 1 is characterized in that: rational close planting is meant maternal every mu of density 4000-4500 strains, about 1000 strains of every mu of density of male parent.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97103863A CN1070020C (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1997-04-02 | Method for breeding seeds of hybridized waize |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97103863A CN1070020C (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1997-04-02 | Method for breeding seeds of hybridized waize |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1161136A true CN1161136A (en) | 1997-10-08 |
| CN1070020C CN1070020C (en) | 2001-08-29 |
Family
ID=5166937
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN97103863A Expired - Fee Related CN1070020C (en) | 1997-04-02 | 1997-04-02 | Method for breeding seeds of hybridized waize |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1070020C (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1076160C (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2001-12-19 | 中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所 | Method for prodn. of hybridcorn seeds |
| CN1081888C (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 2002-04-03 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding technology for hybrid corn chengdan-19 |
| CN1089208C (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-08-21 | 三高种业有限责任公司 | Corn hybrid breeding method |
| CN1089210C (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-08-21 | 三高种业有限责任公司 | Corn hybrid breeding method |
| CN104885902A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽国盛农业科技有限责任公司 | Hybrid maize seed production labeling method |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1094564A (en) * | 1994-04-29 | 1994-11-09 | 丹东市农业科学研究所 | A kind of method of hybrid maize seed production |
| CN1058131C (en) * | 1995-03-22 | 2000-11-08 | 四川农业大学 | Production method for corn hybrid |
-
1997
- 1997-04-02 CN CN97103863A patent/CN1070020C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1081888C (en) * | 1998-05-12 | 2002-04-03 | 四川省农业科学院作物研究所 | Breeding technology for hybrid corn chengdan-19 |
| CN1089208C (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-08-21 | 三高种业有限责任公司 | Corn hybrid breeding method |
| CN1089210C (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2002-08-21 | 三高种业有限责任公司 | Corn hybrid breeding method |
| CN1076160C (en) * | 1998-09-11 | 2001-12-19 | 中国农业科学院原子能利用研究所 | Method for prodn. of hybridcorn seeds |
| CN104885902A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2015-09-09 | 安徽国盛农业科技有限责任公司 | Hybrid maize seed production labeling method |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1070020C (en) | 2001-08-29 |
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