CN1054492C - Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion - Google Patents
Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for the three-line seed production of Chinese onion by the male sterility of nuclei and cytoplasm, which belongs to the field of the utilization of the heterosis of the Chinese onion. In the present invention, according to a genetics principle that the sterility of the nuclei and the cytoplasm of the Chinese onion is controlled by the interaction of the recessive sterile genes of Smsms and Nmsms, hybrid seeds are bred from the three-line matching of a male sterility line, a maintenance line and a male parent line. Compared with a conventional method used for a long time until present time, namely that seeds are bred from a mixed group, the present invention has the advantages of high yield of seed production, labor saving, low cost, stable characteristics of the seeds, high purity, low pollution, etc.; the merchandise of first filial generation with the effect of visible increase in yield is welcomed by the market, and the amplitude of the increase in the yield is over 50%; the present invention is an ideal technique for the seed production of the Chinese onion.
Description
The present invention relates to the seed selection and the heterosis utilization field of the male sterile line of shallot cell nucleus gene and plasmon work control.
About the seed selection and the heterosis utilization of shallot male sterile line, do not see the report that practical application is arranged at home and abroad so far as yet.Shallot is realized the technology of male sterile line three series mating hybrid seeding, be China after several crops such as paddy rice, jowar, rape, radish, another important breakthrough.It than other crops force with flower bud phase of artificial emasculation, chemical emasculation, self incompatible line pollination self, dual-purpose system seeding technique advanced persons such as sign impurity elimination many.Shallot is a cross pollinated plant, and male and female floral organ homophyletic is with the same Xiao Hua of fringe, and intensive.Had only conventional group's mixed pollination seed breeding in the past, the problem that exists is the pollen wide-scale distribution of some recessive bad proterties in the group, inevitably " genetic shift " have an effect, cause for a long time the kind of farm variety to mix variation and degenerate, this also just shallot produce and go up mixed and disorderly poor situation and fail the very crux of taking on a new look always.
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to mix the problem that numerous method exists at the conventional group of above-mentioned shallot, and adopting male sterile line, maintenance line and male parent is the seeding technique of three series mating, makes the tangible crossbreed of heterosis, hybrid vigor and is used for producing.
This shallot nucleus malesterile three-line seed method comprises with difficulty male sterile line 4947A and maintenance line 4947B test cross four generations generation male sterile line, is 5523C preparing hybrid kind with male sterile line and male parent again.
(1) the seed selection process of male sterile line and maintenance line is as follows: with the original sterile strain that obtains is female parent, can educate strain 4947 for male parent is carried out to test cross, and 3 generations of continuous backcross; Each male parent strain selfing simultaneously keeps, and reaches complete sterility until sterile plant offspring, and male parent plant offspring reaches entirely and can educate, and then sterile plant is male sterile line 4947A, and the male parent plant is maintenance line 4947B.
Maintenance line also can have in the male sterile plant among the offspring of fertility separation, employing can educate strain and the paired brother and sister of sterile strain hand over, the offspring can educate and sterile be separated into 1: 1, wherein can educate the strain selfing, it can be educated and sterile be separated into 3: 1, the stable plant that no longer separates of fertility is wherein carried out seed selection, can breed maintenance line.
(2) adopt different cultivars to have the inbred line 5523C of big eight fork variety types as the 3rd male parent system that is.In addition, the seed selection of male parent system also can be adopted other maintenance line, or utilize strain system and the male sterile line test cross that fertility is no longer separated among the educated strain self progeny who separates in the male sterile line, after combining ability test and Heterosis Analysis, the apparent author of performance hybrid vigour is carried out seed selection breed.
(3) adopt male sterile line and maintenance line test cross breeding male sterile lines, with male sterile line and the hybridization of male parent system, produce crossbreed F again.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect:
(1) hybrid seeding output height: in the period of 1989～1992 years three, be 5523C preparing hybrid seed with male sterile line 4947A and male parent, 60 kilograms of average yield per mus are than conventional group mixed seed breeding volume increase 30～50%.
(2) hybrid vigour the increase yield significantly: (F of 4947A * 5523C) in the period of 1989～1992 years three
1Comparison increases production 53.3%, 50.5% and 59% respectively according to kind of (big Chinese parasol tree two or nine is), and amount of increase in production is big, and remarkable in economical benefits specifically sees Table 2.
(3) cost is low, and recruitment is few: hybrid seeding, and method is easy, once sowing, 0.5 kilogram of every mu of consumption, about 20 yuan of every mu of investment, a final singling, every mu is stayed about seedling 40000 strains, does not need recruitment to transplant.And, the select seed strain with conventional group mixed seed breeding, and plant 25000 strains for every mu, every strain weighs 0.4 kilogram, presses 0.4 yuan of per kilogram and calculates and need invest 4000 yuan.Only this item does not also include recruitment trench digging and transplants, and conventional numerous kind will exceed 200 times than hybrid seeding cost.
(4) kind property is stable, the purity height: the seed collecting that the mixed numerous method of conventional in the past group is selected for use not strain is the colony that farm variety heterozygosity is mixed, kind property instability, and purity is the highest by 80%; And crossbreed is the high three-line parent preparation of usefulness genetic stability, purity.Plantation first-filial generation kind, growth potential is strong, and plant is neat, and purity reaches 100%.
(5) reduce public hazards, welcome in market; Because the crossbreed strong stress resistance, damage by disease and insect is slight, and the quantity of applying pesticides and number of times have only conventional 20% of the circle of collecting seed, and have significantly reduced pollution nuisance.Add crossbreed commodity rate 100%, big, white long, matter is thin, enjoys market to welcome.Fig. 1 is a breeding line spectrogram of the present invention.
Be described in detail the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment.
Theoretical foundation of the present invention is: in the seed selection process of shallot male sterile line, the offspring of maintenance line inbreeding of more generation is for educating entirely, and its cell is (N) that can educate; The offspring of male sterile line and maintenance line test cross keeps complete sterility, and then male sterile line all has the identical recessive sterile gene (msms) that isozygotys with the cell nucleus of maintenance line; The cytoplasm of male sterile line is inevitable also to be sterile (S); The cytoplasm of maintenance line is inoperative the test cross offspring.Can think thus: the heredity of shallot male sterility is interacted by cytoplasmic sterile gene (S) and nuclear sterile gene (msms) and restricts.According to this genetic principle, select male sterile line, maintenance line and the male parent system of genetic stability type, realize the method for " three series mating " preparing hybrid kind.
(1) breeding material source
The original breeding material of shallot nuclear cytoplasmic male sterilty, the educated strain and the paired test cross of sterile strain of, selecting " 4947 " inbred line for use from the male sterile plant of nature, and continuous backcross; Simultaneously every strain male parent selfing keeps, and male sterile line 4947A that breeds and corresponding maintenance line 4947B thereof are 5523C by cooperating for measuring the male parent of selecting for use again, form shallot male sterile " three series mating ".
(2) shallot is examined the seed selection that cytoplasmic male sterilty three is
1. the seed selection of male sterile line and maintenance line
The seed selection of shallot male sterile line is the screening of its corresponding maintenance line, no matter the male sterile plant that what source or method obtain, all should select for use the normal fertile strain of this kind or other kinds to make male parent and the paired test cross of sterile strain, and continuous backcross, simultaneously every strain male parent selfing is kept, identify its fertility, stablize its merit.The male parent plant will continue to select for use normal fertile strain and sterile strain in the plant to backcross when if fertility occurring and separating.Can be to isolated sterile strain with carrying out brother and sister's friendship with the educated strain in the plant, " backspace friendship " carried out in the educated strain in the also available maternal row (sterile row).This all is in order to quicken the seed selection process of male sterile line and maintenance line, the plant that will preferentially select for use those highly sterile plants and height to educate, make the educated strain rate of sterile plant rate, sterile degree rate and the maintenance line colony of male sterile line colony stably reach 100% as soon as possible, no longer separate, parents' proterties is also similar substantially, and then this is to male sterile line and the i.e. seed selection success of corresponding maintenance line thereof.Will in time number fixingly in the seed selection process of male sterile line and maintenance line, carry out pedigree record, be vital, and the seed selection course of male sterile line sees Table 1.
Breeding of male sterile line and maintenance line breeder's stock is under strictness isolation condition, as in the big grid of nylon screen or outlying mountain area carry out take the pollination of bagging, Artificial Control or put honeybee pollination according to group size.♀: ♂ plants with 3: 1 proportionings, breeds male sterile line breeder's stock usefulness from the seed that sterile row is gathered as expansion; The breeder's stock that the seed of gathering from male parent is bred maintenance line as expansion is used.
Breeding of male sterile line and maintenance line original seed also will be built up in mountain area or the backwoodsman isolated area and carry out, and 5000m are with the interior circle of gathering that other shallot, spring onion, shallot must not be arranged on every side.Also originally, open pollination, artificial supplementary pollination in case of necessity with 3: 1 proportioning plantation ♀: ♂.From the seed that sterile plant is gathered, use as the male sterile line original seed of preparing hybrid kind; The seed of male parent row is bred the male parent usefulness of male sterile line as expansion, also can be used as to produce kind to use.
The feature of male sterile line 4947A (maintenance line 4947B): be autumn and winter cultivation type shallot male sterile line, derive from the seed collecting field of Zhangqiu shallot farm variety " big Chinese parasol tree " type.The upright upper punch of tubulose leaf, leaf stent degree is little, 5～6 pieces of the numbers of sheets, the leaf look dark green, and the leaf thickness of pipe is tough, wind resistance, the blade face fine hair gathers, anti-purple spot, toxinosis.Very light blue dense structure, solid is about 43～44cm in vain.Plant height 105～110cm is about heavily about 200 grams of strain.
2. the seed selection of male parent system: the seed selection of male parent system is fairly simple, but it will possess 6 conditions: the inbred line that 1. is a different ecological type: 2. be a genetic stability, can educate the strain rate and reach 100% inbred line; 3. being one has with male sterile line and can have complementary advantages the inbred line that economic characters are good; 4. florescence and male sterile line are synchronous or approaching; 5. cell nucleus has the MSMS genotype, and cytoplasm has the N genotype, thereby pollen is plentiful, and supply fully; 6. the combination specific combining ability value height of general combining ability and participation.Breed the breeder's stock and the original seed of male parent system, also should establish isolated area, guarantee purity, prevent to mix.The seed of collecting is as the original seed usefulness of preparing hybrid kind, and the cultivation management measure is with conventional.
Male parent is the feature of 5523C: be autumn and winter cultivation type shallot inbred line, be selected from mound shallot farm variety " big eight power " type.The tubulose leaf is slightly wide, thick tough wind resistance, the number of sheets～7 piece.The leaf look dark green, and the blade face fine hair gathers.Leaf sheath spacing compactness, anti-purple spot is slightly tiltedly stretched in the leaf exhibition, toxinosis is stronger.Very light blue thick length, base portion slightly expands, about the plant height 112cm of the long in vain 52cm left and right sides, heavily about 300 grams of strain.The general combining ability value is higher, is a comparatively ideal parent material.
(3) method of shallot male sterility three line hybrid seeding
Shallot male sterility three line hybrid seeding, bred under the strictness isolation condition three be breeder's stock after, just can arrange two isolated areas to carry out breeding of male sterile line and hybrid seeding.Isolated area be with sterile be maternal, maintenance is a male parent, breeds male sterile line; Another isolated area be with sterile be maternal, male parent is a male parent, the preparing hybrid kind.The cultivation management measure in two districts is similar, and ♀: ♂ was with 3: 1 proportionings, and colony decides according to the plant size, and big strain partly becomes every mu 25000～30000 strain of strain, little strain 35000～40000 strains.Isolated area can not be less than the 5000m distance, open naturally pollination, and artificial supplementary pollination in case of necessity is for several times.The seed that maternal row is gathered from two districts is respectively male-sterile seed and the hybrid seed first generation of hybrid (F of 4947A * 5523C)
1Feature: plant is tall and big big and tall, and growth potential is strong.About plant height 130cm, about very light blue long 62cm, white thick 3.2cm, individual plant weighs about 420 grams.6 pieces in blade, the leaf look dark green, and there is fine hair on the blade face, and wind resistance is disease-resistant.The disease index 50% of purple spot, diseased plant rate 90%, comparison is according to (two or nine are) low 16.7 and 10 percentage points respectively.The disease index 30% of toxinosis, diseased plant rate 40%, comparison is according to (two or nine are) low 13.3 and 40 percentage points respectively.The specific combining ability value is very high, and nutrient component and mouthfeel and contrast (two or nine are) are relatively slightly high or quite, dry matter is about in the of 90%, and total reducing sugar 5.54%, Vcl7.7%mg/100g, crude protein have kept original nutrient component of Zhangqiu shallot famous product and local flavor about in the of 2%.5000 kilograms of per mu yields are than conventional variety amount of increase in production more than 50%.The adaptability in cultivation area is strong, the popularization of can demonstrating in China.
The seed selection course of table 1 shallot male sterile line 4947A
| Time | 1989 | 1990 | 1991 | 1992 |
| Keep pedigree | 4 | 4-9 | 4-94 | 4-94-7 |
| Investigation strain number | 44 | 76 | 62 | 174 |
| Wherein, sterile strain number | 21 | 70 | 60 | 174 |
| Sterile plant rate (%) | 47.7 | 92.1 | 96.8 | 100 |
The comparative test of table 2 shallot male sterility three line crossbreed output
(1990～1992)
Annotate: 1. kind F
1(4947A * 5523C)
| Time | Kind | Cell production (Kg) | Amount to per mu yield (Kg) | Relatively (%) | |||
| I | II | III | On average | ||||
| 1990 | F 1 | 106 | 101 | 109 | 105.3 | 4875.2 | 153.3 |
| CK | 67 | 70 | 69 | 88.7 | 3180.7 | 100.0 | |
| 1991 | F 1 | 100 | 105 | 108 | 104.3 | 4830.5 | 150.5 |
| CK | 67 | 71 | 70 | 69.3 | 3210.0 | 100.0 | |
| 1992 | F 1 | 108 | 109 | 101 | 106 | 4901.7 | 159.0 |
| CK | 65 | 69 | 66 | 66.7 | 3086.6 | 100.0 | |
CK (big Chinese parasol tree two or nine is)
2. sub-district area: 2.4m * 6m=14.4m
2
Claims (4)
1, a kind of Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion is characterized in that using male sterile line and male parent 5523C preparing hybrid kind again with male sterile line 4947A and maintenance line 4947B test cross four generations generation male sterile line.
2, Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion according to claim 1, the seed selection process that it is characterized in that male sterile line and maintenance line is as follows: the original sterile strain with acquisition is a female parent, can educate strain 4947 for male parent is carried out to test cross, and 3 generations of continuous backcross; Each male parent strain selfing simultaneously keeps, and reaches complete sterility until sterile plant offspring, and male parent plant offspring reaches entirely and can educate, and then sterile plant is male sterile line 4947A, and the male parent plant is maintenance line 4947B.
3, Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion according to claim 1, it is characterized in that maintenance line also can have among the offspring of fertility separation in the male sterile plant, employing can educate strain and the paired brother and sister of sterile strain hand over, the offspring can educate and sterile be separated into 3: 1, the stable plant that no longer separates of fertility is wherein carried out seed selection can breed maintenance line.
4, Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion according to claim 1 is characterized in that adopting different cultivars to have the inbred line 5523C of big eight fork variety types as the 3rd male parent system that is.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN93103908A CN1054492C (en) | 1993-03-30 | 1993-03-30 | Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion |
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| CN93103908A CN1054492C (en) | 1993-03-30 | 1993-03-30 | Nucleoplasm male sterility three-line breeding method for Chinese onion |
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| CN1054492C true CN1054492C (en) | 2000-07-19 |
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| CN102839220B (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2014-08-13 | 北京市农林科学院 | Molecular marker for identifying mitochondrion gene related to CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) in green Chinese onion |
| CN103125370A (en) * | 2013-03-27 | 2013-06-05 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Breeding method for high-yield and high-resistance green Chinese onion variety applicable to multi-season cultivation |
| CN107960320B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-11-06 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Efficient breeding method for high-yield hybrid green Chinese onions |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1047186A (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1990-11-28 | 内蒙古赤峰市农业科学研究所 | The selectively breeding technique of male sterile system with mutual action of dorninant genes in nucleus of millet |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1047186A (en) * | 1990-07-11 | 1990-11-28 | 内蒙古赤峰市农业科学研究所 | The selectively breeding technique of male sterile system with mutual action of dorninant genes in nucleus of millet |
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| 作物育种学 1981.11.1 西北农学院主编 * |
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