CN103125370A - Breeding method for high-yield and high-resistance green Chinese onion variety applicable to multi-season cultivation - Google Patents
Breeding method for high-yield and high-resistance green Chinese onion variety applicable to multi-season cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to a plant breeding method and in particular relates to a breeding method for a high-yield and high-resistance green Chinese onion variety applicable to multi-season cultivation. The breeding method comprises the following processing steps of: breeding crossing parents, carrying out a matching breeding test for cross combination, propagating the parents and propagating a generation F1. According to the breeding method provided by the invention, the problems that varieties are complex, characters of a strain degenerate, individual uniformity is poor, resistance is low and all-year production can not be realized, and the like in the prior art can be solved; the bred green Chinese onion hybrid is high in yielding capability, high in lodging resistance and flooding tolerance and applicable to multi-season cultivation, and disease resistance is obviously enhanced; and application amount of pesticide is reduced, production cost is reduced, land cropping index is increased, environmental protection is facilitated, pollution is reduced, vegetable basket safety is guaranteed, and income is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the method for plant breeding, refer to especially a kind of high yield of many season cultivations, selection of high resistance green onion breed of being fit to.
Background technology
9,000,000 mu of world's shallot cultivated areas, China accounts for 8,100,000 mu, and along with the raising of shallot planting benefit, cultivated area is also in cumulative year after year, and shallot produces the road of having gone on industrialized development.Yet along with the development of Industrialization, shallot produces some problems that exist and displays gradually.The one, improved seeds are few, and the kind of using in production mostly is conventional and plants, and yield poorly, poor quality, disease resistance, resistance, enduring store property be not high, and shelf life is short.The 2nd, go back in the market neither one green onion breed both high yield, high resistance, be fit to again each production cultivation season and maybe can be used for many cultivations in seasons.The 3rd, industrialization level is low, and most areas mostly are scattered plantation, and kind is at random, and the plantation level is low.The 4th, the foreign exchange earning kind mostly is external introduced variety, and seed price is high, and management expectancy is strict, and production cost is high.
The shallot breeding is one of weak link of vegetable breeding for a long time, and its process lags behind other vegetables.Traditional selection is mostly adopted in China's shallot breeding, due to extensively introduce a fine variety, from numerous, breeding technique is lack of standardization etc. cause variet complexity, plant sexual involution, individual regularity is poor and resistance is poor.The shallot genetic resources is abundant not, and particularly the waterlogging germ plasm resource of wind resistance lacks, and breeding at present the wide in variety of popularization is conventional herd breeding, can not satisfy the production ﹠ marketing needs aspect resistance and quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of high yield of many season cultivations, selection of high resistance green onion breed of being fit to.
Overall technology design of the present invention is:
A kind of high yield of many season cultivations, selection of high resistance green onion breed of being fit to, selection comprises the steps:
The seed selection of A, hybrid strain
The seed selection of A1, male sterile line and maintainer
, heat-resisting disease-resistant, strong stress resistance strong from the growth potential of self-fertile, anti-storage, high-quality, a little less than tiller, dark green leaf color, be fit to select No. 1 shallot multiplication fieldses of kind leafiness of different cultivation seasons sterile strain and this be in the good paired test cross of individual plant of educating, in continuous 5 generations, backcross, the shallot male sterile line that seed selection coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong, can educate the continuous 5 generations selfing of individual plant, select corresponding maintainer;
The seed selection of A2, male parent
Select from the domestic and international shallot resource of breeding nursery and introduction that fast growth, disease-resistant, Bulbus Allii Fistulosi are long, the shallot material selfing of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, annually select in excellent excellently, certainly accompany each other generation, through the seed selection in 5 generations, filter out the male parent that coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong;
The combo seed selection test of B, hybrid combination
Male parent in male sterile line in steps A 1 and steps A 2 is measured, therefrom screen useful combination, and carry out how experiment in cultivation of many seasons, the blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and male parent are 06-25-12-3 hybridization, the plant that the maternal seed that produces is bred has following characteristics: high yield, disease-resistant resistance be outstanding, a little less than tiller, the Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, the blade upper punch is all occupied the forefront in each season of growth general performance, names to be " blue or green assorted No. 2 ";
C, parent's breeding
The blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and corresponding maintainer in step B are bred, and are the 06-25-12-3 breeding with the male parent in step B;
The breeding of D, F1
Take the seed of step C male sterile line 08 blue or green A6-1 as maternal, the male parent in the step C be the seed of 06-25-12-3 breeding as male parent, female parent and male parent are planted in spontaneous pollination in isolated area, the seed of gathering in the crops on female parent is hybrid seed F1.
The present invention's No. 1 seed of leafiness used can obtain by the channel of buying easily, it is the Seed company on the ground such as Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi with buying, concrete contact method is as follows: during Hebei rich agricultural science and technology development corporation, Ltd. (address: No. 16, emerging street, Shijiazhuang City Yuhua District storehouse, phone: 13785182038); Hebei is upright plants industry Co., Ltd (address: No. 1106, Hebei province's Hengshui City peace East Road, phone: 13313182699); (address: in Ci County, Hebei province, No. 14, the Shanxi road, phone: 13703205198) in Handan, Hebei sea otter kind industry Co., Ltd; The permanent industry Co., Ltd (address: No. 137, Xiajin County, Shandong Province Fa Yuen Street, phone: 15965955113) of planting of Shandong China; (the address: No. 57, Xinxiang City, Henan Province dimension scholar's brightness market, phone: 13903731317) of subspecies industry Co., Ltd in Xinxiang, Henan; In ground, Shanxi, the Supreme Being plants industry Co., Ltd (address: No. 64, Shanxi province Taiyuan city agriculture section North Road, phone: 13934043943); Xingtai two rich seed Co., Ltd (address: No. 492, Hebei province's Xingtai City emerging eastern street, phone: 13903298359); The new seedling of Henan grain husk (address: agricultural chemicals Seed Market South Area, great river, Zhengzhou City 8 row No. 11, phone: 13703926876).
Concrete technical conceive of the present invention also has:
For realizing guaranteeing the purity of Hybrid F1 and the requirement of uniform quality degree, reach the purpose that guarantees output, preferably technical scheme is, the sterile rate 100% of the shallot male sterile line in described steps A 1.
Parent's breeding belongs to conventional method, and industry personnel can select existing method to realize according to the male parent system that determines, male sterile line and maintainer.Preferred technical scheme is that described step C is comprised of following steps:
The breeding of C1, male sterile line, maintainer
The blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and corresponding maintainer open pollination in isolated area use step B, the seed of gathering in the crops on male sterile line is male sterile line, the seed of gathering in the crops on maintainer is as maintainer;
The breeding that C2, male parent are
Be that the 06-25-12-3 kind is let alone open pollination and gathers in the crops seed in isolated area with male parent in step B.
For improving hybrid seed yield, increase land utilization rate, preferred technical scheme is that in described step D, female parent and male parent are planted in spontaneous pollination in isolated area in the ratio of 4:1.
Realize cultivating and growing for satisfying " blue or green assorted No. 2 " in different zones, lay the foundation for spread uses, preferably technical scheme is, also comprises a step e after step D, and the process of this step is as follows:
Variety comparative test demonstration and the production test of E, shallot hybrid combination
The hybrid seed F1 that obtains in step D is carried out variety comparative test and production test, all show superpower resistance and adaptability, and output obviously exceeds check variety, thereby select improved seeds.
The substantive distinguishing features that the present invention is obtained and significant technological progress are:
1, the male sterile plant found from No. 1 shallot of leafiness of self-fertile of utilization of the present invention, the method such as adopt paired test cross, backcross has selected sterile rate and has reached 100% the blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08, and filtered out the blue or green B6-1 of corresponding maintainer 08.Utilize excellently middlely select the methods such as excellent, inbreeding of more generation to select fast growth, neat, disease-resistant, Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong male parent is 06-25-12-3.
2, the present invention is according to the characteristics of kind, and research has summed up " five kind of five receipts crops for rotation annually cultivating pattern of shallot " (seeing Table one).Bright green onion listing is all arranged throughout the year, determine the results Time To Market according to the market price.Can be used as spring green onion, summer green onion, volt green onion, autumn scallion, store away in winter the green onion cultivation, and possessed as storing away in winter the well-grown of green onion, resistance is outstanding, the output high.It is that May is to November that period is concentrated in listing.
Table one: five kind of five receipts crops for rotation annually cultivating mode scheme table of shallot
| Cropping pattern | Seedling raise period | The field planting time | Harvest time |
| Spring green onion cultivation | May-early June | Late July-early August | March in next year-April |
| Summer green onion cultivation | Late June-early July | Early and middle ten days in September (epiphragma) | May-June in next year |
| The cultivation of volt green onion | Mid or late July-early August | Early and middle ten days in October (epiphragma) or 4-5 month open country field planting in next year | July in next year-August |
| The autumn scallion cultivation | About the Autumnal Equinox (late September) | Early June-early July in next year | September-October |
| The cultivation of winter storage green onion | Late March-early April | July early and middle ten days | November early and middle ten days |
3, utilize method of the present invention to enrich shallot germ plasm resource, the shallot male sterile line that selects for the shallot crossbreeding provides good precious resources, promotes the process of shallot breeding.
4, method of the present invention has realized the complementation of shallot parent merit, and shallot crossbreed yielding ability is good, through test, and blue or green assorted No. 2 average yield per mu 8806.8kg, check variety rich huge green onion average yield per mu 6192.5kg that tremble with fear, average mu increases production 42.2%.Be increasing peasant income, growth of agricultural efficiency provides kind basic, has strengthened the enthusiasm of peasant planting shallot, has driven the development of shallot industry.
5, utilize the kind of the inventive method seed selection anti-fall, resistance to overhead flooding injury is good, disease resistance obviously improves, and has reduced the usage amount of agricultural chemicals, reduces production costs, and is beneficial to environmental protection, reduces and pollutes, and guarantees vegetable basket safety.
6, the present invention is wide because shallot adapts to season, but equal cultivating and growing throughout the year, and the peasant can reasonably carry out the crops for rotation arrangement according to the situation in own soil, the soil is reasonably used and plans.Improved the cropping index in soil.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing of the present invention has:
Fig. 1 is Breeding Process flow chart of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, enforcement of the present invention is described further; but not as a limitation of the invention; protection scope of the present invention is as the criterion with the content of claim record, and any equivalence techniques means of making according to specification are replaced, and all do not break away from protection scope of the present invention.
The overall technology of this enforcement is conceived as shown, a kind of high yield of many seasons cultivations, selection of high resistance green onion breed of being fit to, and selection comprises the steps:
The seed selection of A, hybrid strain
The seed selection of A1, male sterile line and maintainer
, heat-resisting disease-resistant, strong stress resistance strong from the growth potential of self-fertile, anti-storage, high-quality, a little less than tiller, dark green leaf color, be fit to No. 1 shallot multiplication fieldses of kind leafiness of different cultivation seasons the sterile strain of seed selection and this be in the good paired test cross of individual plant of educating, in continuous 5 generations, backcross, the shallot male sterile line that seed selection coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong, can educate the continuous 5 generations selfing of individual plant, select corresponding maintainer;
The seed selection of A2, male parent
Select from the domestic and international shallot resource of breeding nursery and introduction that fast growth, disease-resistant, Bulbus Allii Fistulosi are long, the shallot material selfing of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, annually select in excellent excellently, certainly accompany each other generation, through the seed selection in 5 generations, filter out the male parent that coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong;
The combo seed selection test of B, hybrid combination
Male parent in male sterile line in steps A 1 and steps A 2 is measured, therefrom screen useful combination, and carry out how experiment in cultivation of many seasons, the blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and male parent are 06-25-12-3 hybridization, the plant that the maternal seed that produces is bred has following characteristics: high yield, disease-resistant resistance be outstanding, a little less than tiller, the Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, the blade upper punch is all occupied the forefront in each season of growth general performance, names to be " blue or green assorted No. 2 ";
C, parent's breeding
The blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and corresponding maintainer in step B are bred, and are the 06-25-12-3 breeding with the male parent in step B;
The breeding of D, F1
Take the seed of step C male sterile line 08 blue or green A6-1 as maternal, the male parent in the step C be the seed of 06-25-12-3 breeding as male parent, female parent and male parent are planted in spontaneous pollination in isolated area, the seed of gathering in the crops on female parent is hybrid seed F1.
The sterile rate 100% of the shallot male sterile line in described steps A 1.
Preferred technical scheme is that described step C is comprised of following steps:
The breeding of C1, male sterile line, maintainer
The blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and corresponding maintainer open pollination in isolated area use step B, the seed of gathering in the crops on male sterile line is male sterile line, the seed of gathering in the crops on maintainer is as maintainer;
The breeding that C2, male parent are
Be that the 06-25-12-3 kind is let alone open pollination and gathers in the crops seed in isolated area with male parent in step B.
In described step D, female parent and male parent are planted in spontaneous pollination in isolated area in the ratio of 4:1.
Also comprise a step e after step D, the process of this step is as follows:
Variety comparative test demonstration and the production test (table two, table three, table four) of E, shallot hybrid combination
The hybrid seed F1 that obtains in step D is carried out variety comparative test and production test, all show superpower resistance and adaptability, and output obviously exceeds check variety, thereby select improved seeds.
The feature of shallot male sterile line 08 blue or green A6-1: sterility is stable, and sterile rate reaches 100%.Plant height 120cm, the long 50cm of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi, the thick 3cm of transverse diameter, 6 pieces, tubulose leaf, the Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, upright blade, hinged joint is few, dark green leaf color, blade face wax powder is many, fast growth, a little less than tiller, degenerate slow, heat-resisting, cold resistance good, resistance is outstanding.
The shallot male parent is the feature of 06-25-12-3: plant height 135cm, the long 55cm of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi left and right, leaf green, 5-6 piece, tubulose leaf, fast growth, the Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, disease-resistant, degenerate slowly, coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong.
The feature that green onion breed is blue or green assorted No. 2: plant is tall and big, and growth potential is strong, and regularity is high, fast growth; Dark green leaf color, 6 pieces, tubulose leaf, blade face wax bisque is thick, blade upper punch or slightly tiltedly stretch, mesophyll is thicker; The long 55-70cm of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi, the thick 4-4.5cm of transverse diameter, individual plant is heavy high, average 0.45-0.55kg; Quality is tight, and is tender and crisp, distinguishes the flavor of sweet, and yielding ability is outstanding, general 7500kg/667m
2, high yield can reach 10000kg/667m
2Cold hardiness is strong, and is high temperature resistant; Strong stress resistance, high resistance purple spot, virus disease, downy mildew store little moisture loss, are fit to dense planting.Cultivating and growing throughout the year, the cultivation adaptable area is wide, obviously is better than other kind the mid-term of especially growing, and this kind can be according to the market demand, and in the suitable stage, suitable price is transformed into economic benefit with the output higher than other kind.It is the desirable kind as verdant cultivation.
Table two: stored away in winter shallot production test major traits application form in 2011
Illustrate: assorted No. 2 winters of the green grass or young crops in four areas were received shallot in 2011 and carried out surveying and produce and the major traits investigation is identified, test was grown seedlings October 2, field planting on June 10 in next year, November 1 results.Four equal increase yield significantlies in test site.Amount of increase in production is at 38.7-45.8%.
Table three: in July, 2012, expert group surveyed product situation (three repetition mean)
Illustrate: July 22 in 2012 invited inside the province experts to form the field by Shijiazhuang science and technology office and surveys the product group, assorted No. 2 summer harvest shallots of green grass or young crops is surveyed produced test and Part Traits is investigated, and formed following suggestion:
1, basic condition: survey place of production piece and be positioned at hillside fields, west, thousand villages village, Tu Men township, Zanhuang County, the both sides, river course, soil is the sandy soil ground, the gross area is 5.3 mu.Most plot, this ground kind green onion is more than 4 years, and continuous cropping is serious, requires variety resistance to get well, and it is fast that growth rate is wanted.The project kind adopts outdoor cropping, Routine Management, and grow seedlings September 23 last year, field planting on April 25 in next year, listing mid-July.
2, survey the product method: take three point samplings.Randomly draw 11 row at every and measure line-spacing, randomly draw delegation in 11 row, survey the capable long strain number of 10m, the measuring and calculating spacing in the rows is weighed in random continuous drawing 20 strains of one's own profession, measures individual plant heavy, calculates on this basis theoretical per mu yield.
3, kind major traits: 3 20 strains of randomly drawing are investigated the kind Other Main Agronomic Characters respectively, and result is as follows.
Blue or green assorted No. 2: plant height 114cm, 6.6 pieces, tubulose leaf, the long 46cm of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi, the thick 2.62cm of stem, individual plant weigh 0.306 kilogram.The field does not have disease, lodging phenomenon, disease resistance, lodging resistance, good heat resistance substantially.
Cold Feng Jucong (ck): plant height 104.8cm, 6 pieces, tubulose leaf, the long 37.2cm of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi, the thick 1.92cm of stem, individual plant weigh 0.17 kilogram.Field shallot incidence 10%, it is serious that physiology is done sharp phenomenon.
4, survey the product result:
Cold Feng Jucong (ck): line-spacing 58cm; Spacing in the rows 4.85cm; Several 23711 strains of mu strain; Per mu yield 4038.7kg.
Blue or green assorted No. 2: line-spacing 54cm; Spacing in the rows 6.13cm; Several 20212 strains of mu strain; Per mu yield 6184.9kg is than the cold rich huge green onion volume increase 53.3% of contrast kind.Increase production extremely significantly, and resistance is outstanding.
Table four: surveyed product situation (three repetition mean) on October 10th, 2012
Illustrate: on October 10th, 2012 blue or green assorted No. 2 autumn harvest shallots are planted in Long Tangyuan village, Tu Men township, Zanhuang County and carried out surveying product, test was grown seedlings March 26, field planting on July 14.Survey the product method as above, concrete condition sees Table four, blue or green assorted No. 2 ratio contrast volume increase 39.5%.
Claims (5)
1. one kind is fit to the high yield of many season cultivations, the selection of high resistance green onion breed, it is characterized in that selection comprises the steps:
The seed selection of A, hybrid strain
The seed selection of A1, male sterile line and maintainer
, heat-resisting disease-resistant, strong stress resistance strong from the growth potential of self-fertile, anti-storage, high-quality, a little less than tiller, dark green leaf color, be fit to No. 1 shallot multiplication fieldses of kind leafiness of different cultivation seasons the sterile strain of seed selection and this be in the good paired test cross of individual plant of educating, in continuous 5 generations, backcross, the shallot male sterile line that seed selection coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong, can educate the continuous 5 generations selfing of individual plant, select corresponding maintainer;
The seed selection of A2, male parent
Select from the domestic and international shallot resource of breeding nursery and introduction that fast growth, disease-resistant, Bulbus Allii Fistulosi are long, the shallot material selfing of Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, annually select in excellent excellently, certainly accompany each other generation, through the seed selection in 5 generations, filter out the male parent that coordinate force is high, genetic transmitting ability is strong;
The combo seed selection test of B, hybrid combination
Male parent in male sterile line in steps A 1 and steps A 2 is measured, therefrom screen useful combination, and carry out how experiment in cultivation of many seasons, the blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and male parent are 06-25-12-3 hybridization, the plant that the maternal seed that produces is bred has following characteristics: high yield, disease-resistant resistance be outstanding, a little less than tiller, the Bulbus Allii Fistulosi consolidation, the blade upper punch is all occupied the forefront in each season of growth general performance, names to be " blue or green assorted No. 2 ";
C, parent's breeding
The blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and corresponding maintainer in step B are bred, and are the 06-25-12-3 breeding with the male parent in step B;
The breeding of D, F1
Take the seed of step C male sterile line 08 blue or green A6-1 as maternal, the male parent in the step C be the seed of 06-25-12-3 breeding as male parent, female parent and male parent are planted in spontaneous pollination in isolated area, the seed of gathering in the crops on female parent is hybrid seed F1.
2. the high yield of many seasons cultivations, the selection of high resistance green onion breed of being fit to according to claim 1 is characterized in that the sterile rate 100% of the shallot male sterile line in described steps A 1.
3. the high yield of cultivating in suitable many seasons according to claim 1, the selection of high resistance green onion breed is characterized in that described step C is comprised of following steps:
The breeding of C1, male sterile line, maintainer
The blue or green A6-1 of male sterile line 08 and corresponding maintainer open pollination in isolated area use step B, the seed of gathering in the crops on male sterile line is male sterile line, the seed of gathering in the crops on maintainer is as maintainer;
The breeding that C2, male parent are
Be that the 06-25-12-3 kind is let alone open pollination and gathers in the crops seed in isolated area with male parent in step B.
4. the high yield of many seasons cultivations, the selection of high resistance green onion breed of being fit to according to claim 1 is characterized in that maternal and male parent in described step D are planted in spontaneous pollination in isolated area in the ratio of 4:1.
5. the high yield of many season cultivations, the selection of high resistance green onion breed of being fit to according to claim 1, is characterized in that also comprising a step e after step D, and the process of this step is as follows:
Variety comparative test demonstration and the production test of E, shallot hybrid combination
The hybrid seed F1 that obtains in step D is carried out variety comparative test and production test, all show superpower resistance and adaptability, and output obviously exceeds check variety, thereby select improved seeds.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN104067835A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-10-01 | 天津市园艺工程研究所 | Cultivation method for quickly breeding allium fistulosum |
| CN104488701A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-04-08 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Method for breeding early-maturing high-yield storability half-height purplish-red-skinned onions |
| CN105248272A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-01-20 | 陕西省杂交油菜研究中心 | Breeding method of high-photosynthetic-efficiency core collections of rape |
| CN105660109A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-06-15 | 沃华农业科技（江苏）股份有限公司 | Factory-like sowing method for green Chinese onions |
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| CN107135939A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-09-08 | 青岛农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of the shallot germplasm of low pungent and false stem consolidation |
| CN111670802A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-09-18 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Breeding method of long-white chicken leg type green Chinese onions |
| CN116584370A (en) * | 2023-05-06 | 2023-08-15 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | Creating method of green Chinese onion germplasm resources suitable for northern planting |
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| CN104067835A (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2014-10-01 | 天津市园艺工程研究所 | Cultivation method for quickly breeding allium fistulosum |
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| CN104488701B (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-09-07 | 石家庄市农林科学研究院 | A kind of half high stake purple skin onion selection of the resistance to storage of kipeming high yield |
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Application publication date: 20130605 |