CN105248272A - Breeding method of high-photosynthetic-efficiency core collections of rape - Google Patents
Breeding method of high-photosynthetic-efficiency core collections of rape Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A breeding method of high-photosynthetic-efficiency core collections of rape comprises steps as follows: (1) screening of a high-photosynthetic-efficiency material of the rape; (2) screening of a high-photosynthetic-efficiency breeding nursery material; (3) rolling management of a high-photosynthetic-efficiency breeding nursery; (4) directional breeding of a high-photosynthetic-efficiency material; (5) hybrid improvement of the high-photosynthetic-efficiency material; (6) comprehensive identification of the high-photosynthetic-efficiency core collections. The breeding method has the characteristics that quantization and mechanical repetition can be realized, the non-transgenic technology is adopted and risks are avoided, increases the crop yield through improvement on the photosynthetic efficiency and has enormous yield increasing potential. With the adoption of the method, the requirement for screening the high-photosynthetic-efficiency collections of the rape can be met and the rape breeding method can be enriched and perfected; meanwhile, the method can provide beneficial reference for carrying out high-photosynthetic-efficiency breeding of other crops.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the selection of a kind of crop, be specifically related to a kind of selection of rape specular removal Core Germplasms.
Background technology
China's edible vegetable oil year import volume reaches more than 65%, seriously exceeds world security warning line; And along with the growth of population, the minimizing in arable land, oil plant crisis can be more and more serious.Rape is the first oil crop of China, and be also the fifth-largest crops after paddy rice, wheat, corn, soybean, rapeseed oil accounts for more than 50% of self-produced vegetable oil, and rape occupies critical role in the Foodgrain and oilseed production system of China.Therefore, development Rape-seed production, to guarantee China edible oil safety, promote that animal husbandry development is significant, but the yield level of rape is hovered at 3000 ~ 3750kg/hm over nearly 30 years always
2between do not have large breakthrough, the low and shakiness of rape unit yield has become the key factor of restriction China development of rape industry.The 90%-95% of crop dry matter is from photosynthesis, and the photosynthetic efficiency of research and raising crop always is the hot issue in crop investigations.The C such as paddy rice, wheat in theory
3the desirable utility rate of luminous energy of crop can reach about 5.0%, but China's cereal crops utility rate of luminous energy is on average only 0.14% at present, the not high key factor having become present stage restriction crop yield and significantly improved of utility rate of luminous energy.Therefore, increasing crop yield by raising utility rate of luminous energy and have enormous potentialities, is also most economical effective approach.
The breeding time of rape (winter rape) reaches more than 200 day, go through autumn, winter, three seasons of spring, photosynthetic function organ comprises long handle leaf, short handle leaf, sessile leaf and green angle pericarp, especially after the florescence, the main green angle pericarp that leans on carries out photosynthesis, alternately change between photosynthetic function organ, without obvious line of demarcation.Compared with other crops, rape photosynthesis characteristics is more complicated, and influence factor is also more.For many years, the research of home and abroad to rape focuses mostly in the seed selection of sterile cytoplasm, the apolegamy of high yield, high oily hybrid combination, the aspects such as the screening of chemical hybridizing agent, for rape photosynthetic physiology only under specific period, specified conditions (arid, freeze injury), the photosynthesis characteristics of privileged site (blade) is studied, still do not have system to carry out rape photosynthesis characteristics and breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency research.
The acquisition of specular removal kind matter is the most important thing of the breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency, and in prior art, the acquisition of crop specular removal kind matter mainly adopts induced mutations (radiation, distant hybridization) to obtain variation, adopts technique for gene engineering (to proceed to the C such as PEPC, PPDK
4approach photosynthetic enzyme), utilize " with room effect " screen mutant, improvement to characters with plant, activation or improve C
3c in crop
4the methods such as path enzyme, existing method too focuses on the raising to single or a few photosynthetic physiology factor (as photosynthetic rate, photosynthetic enzyme content or activity) above, only from the photosynthetic state of local angle reflection crop, screen the factor compared and mostly also be Photosynthetic physiological indexes, lack the efficiency of the globality to material; The data adopted mostly are the result recorded in laboratory, have bigger difference, cause experimental result and actual conditions to have relatively large deviation with the true growing environment of crop.Therefore, though the specular removal kind matter Photosynthetic Characters screened is better, economic flow rate is low, and the Comprehensive Traits such as quality, resistance is poor, is difficult to extensive use aborning; The limiting factor be subject to due to the breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency is many, breeding cycle long, difficulty is comparatively large, and therefore, only achieve initial success in soybean, paddy rice 2 crop seed selections through the effort of nearly 50 years, the breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency of other main grain and oil crop is made slow progress.
Net Photosynthetic Rate weighs the important indicator of crop photosynthesis efficiency, it is the photosynthetic and respiratory synthesis result of crop self, rape self multiple physiology enzymic activity, the physiological status of photosynthetic and respiratory apparatus, the impact of the photosynthetic and many factors such as respiratory variations (comprising diurnal variation, Annual variations etc.) and external condition (illumination, temperature, humidity) can be subject to, therefore, even if with different time points in a few days, all can larger difference be had to the measurement result of different parts; By the limitation of determining instrument (instrument as photosynthetic in LI-6400), assay method, the mensuration of directly carrying out Net Photosynthetic Rate large Tanaka can be subject to several factors restriction, and measurable limited time, the result of different time, different Instrument measuring also has larger difference, therefore needs to set up unified standard and compares measurement result; Meanwhile, colony's light form of crop is the key factor affecting photosynthetic efficiency, and therefore, the breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency of rape is not only improve the improvement of photosynthetic rate, also should comprise the improvement to plant type structure.Ideotype proterties is also the leading indicator that rape specular removal kind matter is selected, and in actual specular removal germplasm screening, how ideotype proterties to be combined with Photosynthetic Characters, and rationally to take into account be one of problem needing solution badly; Simultaneously, rape be obtain high oil, the seed of high yield is target, and crop yield is subject to impact and the restriction of many factors, often influences each other and antagonism between the proterties such as output, resistance, quality, how to take into account between multiple proterties and plan as a whole the problem that solution is needed in the also breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency badly.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, provides a kind of and quantizes, can the selection of mechanical repeating effect significant rape specular removal Core Germplasms.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the employing of its technical problem is that a kind of selection of rape specular removal Core Germplasms, comprises the following steps:
(1) screening of rape specular removal material: really the rape material of phase to different genotype carries out the comparison of Net Photosynthetic Rate, chlorophyll content at seedling stage, a kind of sedge phase, florescence, angle, variance analysis and significance test are carried out to seedling stage, a kind of sedge phase, florescence, the Net Photosynthetic Rate of angle fruit phase, measuring chlorophyll content data, select Net Photosynthetic Rate, chlorophyll content ratio contrast K407 and annual average high by more than 10%, and have the material of significant difference, enter breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden and concentrate plantation to continue qualification;
(2) screening of breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden material: concentrate plantation to the material entering high photosynthetic breeding nursery, if K407, Qin-you No.7 biconjugate are according to comparing; Select Net Photosynthetic Rate, chlorophyll content is higher by more than 10%, higher by more than 5% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7 than contrast 1K407, and have the material of significant difference continuation plantation screening to compare, repeat;
(3) the rolling management in breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden: according to Net Photosynthetic Rate, chlorophyll measuring result, screening is carried out to the material in breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden and eliminates; The new material of annual mensuration 80 ~ 100 parts, selects high photosynthetic, high chlorophyll material and enters breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden; All specular removal material is decided to be than the material of contrast Qin-you No.7 high more than 5% by continuous more than 3 years;
(4) directive breeding of specular removal material: screening specular removal material being carried out to ideotype, chlorophyll content, output, resistance aspect, according to the selection result, eliminating and screening between strain is carried out to material, repeat 2 ~ 3 times, directive breeding is carried out to specular removal material;
(5) crossbreeding and improvement of specular removal material: crossbreeding and improvement specular removal material being carried out to the aspects such as Photosynthetic Characters, ideotype, chlorophyll content, output, resistance, carries out the screening of specular removal material at F2, F3 segregative generation to material after improvement;
(6) comprehensive identification of specular removal material: adopt the comprehensive identification screening index system of rape specular removal material to carry out Integrated Selection qualification to specular removal material, if integrate score was higher by more than 10% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7 in continuous 2 years, be specular removal Core Germplasms.
Further, in step (6), the leading indicator of the comprehensive identification screening index system of described rape specular removal material comprises Photosynthetic Characters, ideotype proterties, yield traits, resistance trait and quality trait.
Further, described Photosynthetic Characters comprises following index: chlorophyll content, chlorophyll A/B ratio, Net Photosynthetic Rate, water use efficiency, population photosynthesis gesture, net photosynthetic rate of population; Described ideotype proterties comprises following index: plant height, branch position/plant height ratio, main sequence length/plant height ratio, branch amount, leaf angle, crotch angle, root/shoot ratio; Described yield traits comprises following index: angle fruit number, seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight, biological yield, seed production, economic coefficient; Described resistance trait comprises following index: stalk break, virus disease, lodging resistance, cracking resistance angle; Described quality trait: oil content, sulphur glycosides, protein, erucic acid, oleic acid, oil content+protein content.
The screening of chlorophyll content: every material at least METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 15 individual plants, every individual plant measures the 1st, 3,5,7 leaf position short handle leaves, measures with SPAD502 Chlorophyll meter; Get individual plant mean value to compare, according to measurement result, therefrom select the selfing of 3 ~ 5 parts of high chlorophyll individual plant baggings, the further field plot test of results plantation sowing;
The screening of ideotype proterties: seedling stage, a kind of sedge phase, the florescence, the angle fruit phase to the blade (long handle leaf, short handle leaf) of stable specular removal material, branch, angle fruit the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree compare, 3 ~ 5 parts of blades, crotch angle is less, Comprehensive Traits is excellent individual plant bagging selfing is selected, the further field plot test of results plantation sowing at full-bloom stage;
The screening of yield traits: after ripe, the individual plant of 20 physical maturitys gathered in the crops by every material, carries out the mensuration of the indexs such as biological yield, economic coefficient, single plant yield and compares, selects output, individual plant that economic coefficient is higher sows;
The screening of resistance: plant and carry out Disease identification in Disease identification garden; At angle, really the phase carries out the screening of lodging resistance according to variable rate technology;
High photosynthetic rate improvement: adopt the mode of " high photosynthetic × high photosynthetic " to carry out crossbreeding and improvement;
The improvement of high chlorophyll content: adopt the mode of " high chlorophyll × height is photosynthetic " and " height photosynthetic × high chlorophyll " to carry out crossbreeding and improvement;
Ideotype is improved: adopt " high photosynthetic × ideotype " and the mode of " ideotype × height is photosynthetic " to carry out crossbreeding and improvement;
The improvement of short bar, lodging resistance: adopt the mode of " short bar, anti-fall × height are photosynthetic " to carry out crossbreeding and improvement.
The improvement of yield traits: carry out crossbreeding and improvement by the mode of " high yield, precocious × height are photosynthetic ".
Further, in step (6), the point system of the comprehensive identification screening index system of described rape specular removal material, comprises the following steps: each index is divided into 4 grades by (1), divide by measured value quantifiable index, not energetic index divides by recording; According to " 1,2,3,4 ", score value is carried out to different gear; (2) " score value × with the partial correlation coefficient of output " calculates weight score; (3) every characteristic index sum is comprehensive PTS; (4) continuous 2 years integrate scores are all specular removal Core Germplasms than the material of contrast Qin-you No.7 high more than 10%.The comprehensive identification screening index system of this rape specular removal material can take into account photosynthetic, multiple proterties such as ideotype, output, quality, resistance.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following useful technique effect:
(1) different times is measured rape leaf, the Net Photosynthetic Rate of angle fruit, the measured value of chlorophyll content contrasted comparing of (Qin-you No.7) and annual average with the same day, using the percentage increased or reduce as comparative result, not that the absolute figure of measurement result is compared, avoid the difference caused because of the result difference of different time mensuration, result is accurate;
(2) set up breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency material garden, rape material is concentrated plantation, if biconjugate is according to comparing, and be as the criterion with the measurement result of more than 3 years, avoid the result caused because of accidental evaluated error inaccurate.
(3) utilize greenhouse, spring sowing base carries out adding generation, Winter-Spring shuttle breeding accelerates screening, seed selection process.
(4) chlorophyll is selected to combine with the photosynthetic screening of height, the photosynthetic material of height is carried out to the M8003 line of high chlorophyll content, be conducive to the progressively raising of self photosynthetic rate of specular removal material.
(5) specular removal selection and ideotype are selected to combine, specular removal material is carried out to the directive breeding of ideotype, make high photosynthetic material light morphological characters be changed and improve, be conducive to the performance of high Photosynthetic Characters and continue.
(6) from many aspects such as " photosynthetic physiology, characters with plant, resistances ", Integrated comparative is carried out to rape material, make the specular removal material Comprehensive Traits that selects excellent, be conducive to the application in the breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency.
(7) the screening crossbreeding and improvement that stable advanced lines material (after photosynthetic selection 5 generation) carries out the aspects such as photosynthetic, ideotype, chlorophyll content, output, resistance is showed, to the material after improvement at F to Photosynthetic Characters
2, F
3segregative generation carries out specular removal material screening, not only expands range of choice, and is conducive to the polymerization of merit.
(8) by specular removal character determination and " high yield, be suitable for mechanization " etc. breeding objective combine, stable advanced lines material is showed to Photosynthetic Characters, carry out the screening of aspects such as " output, economic coefficients, anti-fall ", make to select specular removal kind matter have high yield, anti-fall, be suitable for mechanization " etc. feature, the difficult problem of " specular removal material yield is not high, resistance is poor, be difficult to utilizing " can be solved.
To sum up, the present invention have can quantize, can machinery repetitions, non-transgenic technology, there is not the feature of risk, carry out increase yield by raising light efficiency efficiency, contain huge yield potential.The present invention both can meet rape specular removal germplasm screening demand, also can enrich and improve rape breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency method, such as, and transformation specular removal CMS, GMS male sterile line; Preparation specular removal CMS, GMS hybrid combination; The hybrid combination of applied chemistry hybridization technique preparation (CIMS) chemical induction type; Meanwhile, also for the carrying out of breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency work of other crop provides beneficial reference.
Test and prove, the present invention, by screening the comparison of different genotype breeding material, can obtain and have the high photosynthetic rate of stable performance (more than 3 years) kind matter; By to the directive breeding of the indexs such as high photosynthetic rate kind matter chlorophyll content, ideotype and improvement, the general performance of photosynthetic efficiency is improved; Be improved by making the specular removal kind matter yield traits obtained to the screening of the proterties such as output, quality; By comprehensive index system, overall merit (more than 2 years) is carried out to kind of matter, screen the excellent specular removal Core Germplasms of Comprehensive Traits, its value in the breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency is increased.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the seed selection flow chart of specular removal Core Germplasms " 7792-95/772//772 ".
Fig. 2 is " 7792-95/772//772 " annual increment compared with contrast 1.
Fig. 3 is specular removal material selective breeding flow process.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is illustrated further.
Embodiment 1: the Breeding Process of rape specular removal Core Germplasms " 7792-95/772//772 "
1,2006: to being numbered, 06GH118 (draw from 05 year greatly southern 17 male parents (04Sn254) genotype of net be 7792-95/772//772) carries out leaf chlorophyll, Net Photosynthetic Rate measures.Assay method is: METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION 14 individual plants, and each individual plant measures 2 leaf position short handle leaves, and the method adopting storeroom wheel to survey reduces the result difference because minute difference causes; Each material measures 2 leaves at every turn, in 30min, material therefor is measured one time, measures 7 times altogether.Select 6400-02BLED red blue-light source leaf room during mensuration, controlling leaf indoor temperature is 25 DEG C (TBlock), CO
2concentration is 400 μm of ol/mL, and illumination is 1100 μm of olm
-2s
-1, at least mate 2 times every 30min, average and carry out statistical analysis.Measurement result is: Net Photosynthetic Rate 24.62 μm of olCO
2.m
-2.s
-1, higher by 11.84%, higher than annual average by 10.52% than contrast K407, chlorophyll content 52.52SPAD, higher by 10.63% than contrast, select the selfing of 5 individual plant baggings at the florescence, after results, select 3 single-strain planting qualifications according to attributional analysis result;
2,2007: selection field growing way is better, neat and consistent strain (07GH64) measures, and assay method is that measurement result is Net Photosynthetic Rate 22.62 μm of olCO with 1
2.m
-2.s
-1, higher by 12.16% than contrast K407, measured mean value than the same day high by 15.42%, chlorophyll content 56.5SPAD, higher by 11.03% than contrast, select the selfing of 5 individual plant baggings at the florescence, after results, select 3 single-strain planting qualifications according to attributional analysis result;
3,2008: selection field growing way is better, neat and consistent strain (08GH155) measures, and assay method is with 1, and measurement result is Net Photosynthetic Rate 26.63 μm of olCO
2.m
-2.s
-1, higher by 12.37% than contrast 1K407, measured mean value than the same day high by 11.23%, chlorophyll content in leaf blades is 54.09SPAD, higher by 10.96% than contrast; Carry out chlorophyll content selection at initial bloom stage, carry out ideotype selection at full-bloom stage; Concrete grammar is: select representational continuous 21 individual plants, every individual plant chooses the 1st, 3,5,7 leaf position short handle leaves, measure with SPAD502 Chlorophyll meter, get individual plant mean value to compare, result is 52.9 ~ 60.4SPAD, average out to 55.24SPAD, selects 8 the high chlorophyll individual plants being greater than 56.0SPAD to mark; Select 5 parts of blades at full-bloom stage, crotch angle be less, high chlorophyll individual plant bagging selfing that Comprehensive Traits is excellent, select 3 individual plants to enter specular removal material garden according to attributional analysis result after results and carry out field plot test;
4,2009: in breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden, selection field growing way was better, neat and consistent strain (09GHH7) measures, and assay method is with 1; Measurement result is Net Photosynthetic Rate 24.26 μm of olCO
2.m
-2.s
-1, higher by 13.24% than contrast 1K407, higher by 5.65% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7; Chlorophyll content in leaf blades is 53.20SPAD, higher by 11.76% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7; Carry out chlorophyll content selection at initial bloom stage, carry out ideotype selection at full-bloom stage; Concrete grammar is with 3; Select a precocious strain (09GH11) to carry out adding generation in spring sowing base, Zhangye, Gansu, carry out mensuration in spring rape district and compare;
5,2010: in breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden, select strain 10GHH5 to measure, assay method was with 1, and result is Net Photosynthetic Rate 23.41 μm of olCO
2.m
-2.s
-1, higher by 14.61% than contrast 1K407; Higher by 6.53% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7; Chlorophyll content in leaf blades is 54.70SPAD, higher by 12.46% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7; Carry out chlorophyll content selection at initial bloom stage, carry out the selection of characters with plant at full-bloom stage, method is with 3; Yield traits selection is carried out in harvest time, method is the individual plant that 20 physical maturitys gathered in the crops by every strain material, carry out the mensuration of the indexs such as biological yield, economic coefficient, single plant yield and compare, result is single plant yield is 21.5 ± 2.5 grams, biological yield is 65.24 ± 4.25 grams, and economic coefficient is 0.315 ± 0.175; Single plant yield is selected to be greater than 23.8 grams, and 4 single-strain plantings continuation screenings that economic coefficient is greater than 0.34; Be that the strain of (10gh2) measures in spring sowing district to code name, method, with 1, selects fine individual plant to proceed qualification in spring rape district; Meanwhile, select 1 fine individual plant to carry out sowing in winter rape district and measure (code name is 10GH384).
6,2011: to code name be 10GH384 carry out photosynthetic chlorophyll measuring, method is with 1, and measurement result is Net Photosynthetic Rate 25.40 μm of olCO
2.m
-2.s
-1, higher by 15.11% than contrast 1K407, higher by 9.39% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7, chlorophyll content is 55.23SPAD, higher by 12.56% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7, selects 2 strains to enter specular removal material garden and selects.The code name in the specular removal garden strain that is 11GHH3-8 is carried out to the selection of chlorophyll, characters with plant, method is with 3; To code name be 11GHH5,7 strain carry out crossbreeding and improvement in the greenhouse in base, Dali, sow in spring hybridization F1 seed kind, according to variable rate technology and photosynthetic, chlorophyll measuring situation, select 10 physical maturity individual plant chemical examination qualities before results, select aggregate sample winter sowing to measure; Carry out the screening of yield traits in harvest time, method is with 5; To code name 11GHH8,9 strain carry out photosynthetic, chlorophyllous mensuration, select a precocious strain, continue sow in spring measure.
7, 2012: be GHH10-12 to specular removal material garden code name, GHH147, the stable strain of 148 carries out the comparison of Comprehensive Traits, concrete grammar is: the chlorophyll content selecting Photosynthetic Characters, chlorophyll A/B content ratio, Net Photosynthetic Rate, water use efficiency, net photosynthetic rate of population 5 indexs, the plant height of ideotype proterties, branch position height, long branch, leaf angle, crotch angle, angle fruit the male character types in Chinese operas, usu. referring tov the bearded character degree, leaf-area coefficient, Pod area index, 9 indexs such as root/shoot ratio, the anti-stalk break of resistance trait, viral diseases, resistant to lodging, 4, cracking resistance angle index, the oil content of quality trait, sulphur glycosides, protein, oil content+protein content 4 indexs, the single plant yield of yield traits, economic coefficient, angle fruit number, seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight, branch amount 6 indexs, totally 28 indexs calculate, point system is for be divided into 4 grades by each index, and to quantifiable index, (as chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate, disease index, oil content etc. divide by measured value, not energetic index (as lodging resistance etc.) divides by recording, according to " 1,2,3,4 ", score value is carried out to different gear, " score value × with the partial correlation coefficient of output " calculates weight score, every characteristic index sum is comprehensive PTS, result is, integrate score is between 51.30 ~ 56.5, higher by 8.23 ~ 17.6% than contrast Qin-you No.7 respectively, selects 6 elite plant strains to continue field plot test,
8,2013: comparison code name 6 strains that are 13GHH14-19 in specular removal material garden being carried out to Comprehensive Traits, concrete grammar with 7, result be integrate score between 49.66 ~ 54.25, higher by 13.5 ~ 18.6% than contrast Qin-you No.7 respectively; 2 years comprehensive comparison are all decided to be specular removal Core Germplasms than 3 elite plant strains 13GHH15, H16, H19 of contrast high 10%.Concrete seed selection flow chart, is shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2: the application of specular removal Core Germplasms " 7792-95/772//772 "
1, transformation specular removal CMS male sterile line: from 2012, carrying out surveying extensive discovery can keep, and namely starts the transformation of male sterile line, have at present 3 strains transformation to the 4th generation;
2, applied chemistry hybridization technique preparation (CIMS) chemical induction type hybrid combination: 2012 in spring sowing base, Zhangye, Gansu, preparation 45 hybrid combinations altogether in Dali solarium in 2013,2014, participate in prerun.
3, directive breeding is to the effect of rape specular removal Core Germplasms " 7792-95/772//772 ", in table 1, and table 2 and Fig. 2.
The Breeding Effect (comparing with 2008 for 2014) of the major traits of table 1-" 7792-95/772//772 "
Table 2-2006-2014 is to the effect of " 7792-95/772//772 " chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate M8003 line year by year
(1) as shown in Table 1, compared with 2008, through M8003 line, the major traits of " 7792-95/772//772 " significantly improves.Wherein, the chlorophyll content in Photosynthetic Characters, Net Photosynthetic Rate, in angle fruit number, single plant yield, economic coefficient and quality trait in yield traits, 7 indexs such as oil content, oil content+protein content extremely significantly increase; Chlorophyll A in Photosynthetic Characters/B ratio, water use efficiency, net photosynthetic rate of population, leaf-area coefficient, thousand kernel weight in the leaf-area coefficient of characters with plant, yield traits, biological yield, seed number per pod, oleic acid content in quality trait 9 indexs significantly increase, and protein content 5 index in plant height in characters with plant, branch position/plant height ratio, branch and main sequence angle, short handle leaf and stem angle and quality trait extremely significantly reduces, and shows that directive breeding has good result.
(2) from table 2 and Fig. 2, from the chlorophyll content of 2006-2014 " 7792-95/772//772 ", Net Photosynthetic Rate and the equal cumulative year after year of fiducial value contrasting, contrast 2; Compared with contrast 1K407, net increase 4.19,3.98 percentage points respectively between chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate 9 years; 7792-95/772//772 " chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate year incremental change during 2009-2014 respectively 050 ~ 0.80, between 0.35 ~ 0.87 percentage point, be obviously greater than and increase progressively dosage between 2006 ~ 2008 years; Compared with contrast 2 Qin-you No.7, chlorophyll content, Net Photosynthetic Rate net increase 3.85,3.45 points respectively between 2009 ~ 2014 years 6 years.Illustrate that leaf green content M8003 line method is to the Be very effective of Chlorophyll in Rape content, Net Photosynthetic Rate.
4, the foundation in breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden and the part specular removal kind matter that screened
The photosynthetic breeding of rape and bio-chemical characteristics room is set up from 2004, utilize the scientific research apparatus such as LI-6400XT photosynthesis measurement system, LI-3000A leaf area instrument, SPAD-502 Chlorophyll meter, system carries out the research of rape photosynthesis characteristics, the screening of specular removal kind matter, qualification and breeding work, add up to have carried out Screening and Identification to more than 2000 part rapeseed breeding materials, the 3 class breeding material gardens such as high/low photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, economic coefficient under Shaanxi, Gansu set up winter, spring sowing respectively, see Fig. 1.Shaanxi specular removal group material settling out is at about 250 parts in recent years, and low light efficiency group material is at about 150 parts, and respectful southern specular removal group material is at about 100 parts, and low light efficiency group material is at about 50 parts.The specular removal material entering material garden is carried out to the selection of the aspects such as single plant yield, economic coefficient, Canopy Apparent Photosynthetic Rate, experimental result shows that the inter-variety variance coefficient of rape leaf/angle Net Photosynthetic Rate really, chlorophyll content is all more than 20%, has very strong alternative; Relatively the showing of photosynthesis characteristics between year border, the photosynthesis characteristics of rape has very strong stability and correlation; To for years (08-13) determination data classification analysis after, obtained net photosynthetic rate occur 3 years than contrast Qin-you No.7 high more than 10% material have 130 parts, 28 genotype; Within continuous 6 years, all there are 22 parts, 7 genotype than the material of contrast Qin-you No.7 high more than 10%; Continuous 3 years lower more than 10% 23 part than contrast K407,7 genotype; Within continuous 6 years, all there are 15 parts, 6 genotype than the material of contrast K407 low more than 10%.Obtain a collection of seedling stage through screening for many years, a kind of sedge phase blade profile is compact, leaf area is less, tight, the short bar of florescence branch, the tiltedly life of angle fruit, short bar, there is the core material of the proterties such as high photosynthetic rate, high chlorophyll content, high economic coefficient, high yield; From 12 years, extensive work is surveyed to the stable material of performance, has screened maintainer 55 parts, restorer 125 parts, and applying portion maintainer carries out turning and work of specular removal male sterile line; Portion of material has been carried out to the improvement of the aspects such as plant type, anti-fall, structure of output, and utilized SX-1 chemical hybridizing agent to carry out the preparation work of specular removal hybrid, specular removal material selective breeding flow process as shown in Figure 3.
Claims (4)
1. a selection for rape specular removal Core Germplasms, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) screening of rape specular removal material: at seedling stage, a kind of sedge phase, florescence, the angle fruit rape material of phase to different genotype carries out Net Photosynthetic Rate, the mensuration of chlorophyll content compares, variance analysis and significance test is carried out according to seedling stage, a kind of sedge phase, florescence, the Net Photosynthetic Rate of angle fruit phase, measuring chlorophyll content data, select Net Photosynthetic Rate, chlorophyll content than contrast K407 and the same day to survey the annual average of all material high by more than 10%, and have the material of significant difference, enter specular removal material garden and concentrate field plot test;
(2) screening of breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden material: concentrate plantation to the material entering breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden, if biconjugate compares according to K407, Qin-you No.7; Select Net Photosynthetic Rate, chlorophyll content is higher by more than 10%, higher by more than 5% than contrast 2 Qin-you No.7 than contrast 1K407, and have the material of significant difference to continue plantation to carry out screening and compare;
(3) the rolling management of specular removal material breeding nursery: according to the measurement result of photosynthetic, output, resistance, quality trait index, screening is carried out to the material in breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden and eliminates; The new material of annual mensuration 80 ~ 100 parts, selects high photosynthetic, high chlorophyll material and enters breeding of high photosynthetic efficiency garden; All specular removal material is decided to be than the material of contrast Qin-you No.7 high more than 5% by continuous more than 3 years;
(4) directive breeding of specular removal material: the mensuration of specular removal material being carried out to ideotype, chlorophyll content, output, resistance aspect, according to measurement result, eliminating and screening between strain is carried out to material, repeat 2 ~ 3 times, directive breeding is carried out to specular removal material;
(5) crossbreeding and improvement of specular removal material: carry out crossbreeding and improvement to photosynthetic, ideotype, chlorophyll content, output, resistance aspect the screening of specular removal material, carries out the screening of specular removal material at F2, F3 segregative generation to material after improvement;
(6) comprehensive identification of specular removal Core Germplasms: adopt the comprehensive identification screening index system of rape specular removal material to carry out Integrated Selection qualification to specular removal material, if integrate score was higher by more than 10% than contrast Qin-you No.7 in continuous 2 years, be specular removal Core Germplasms.
2. the selection of rape specular removal Core Germplasms according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (6), the leading indicator of the comprehensive identification screening index system of described rape specular removal Core Germplasms comprises Photosynthetic Characters, ideotype proterties, yield traits, resistance trait and quality trait.
3. the selection of rape specular removal Core Germplasms according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described Photosynthetic Characters comprises following index: chlorophyll content, chlorophyll A/B ratio, Net Photosynthetic Rate, water use efficiency, population photosynthesis gesture, net photosynthetic rate of population; Described ideotype proterties comprises following index: plant height, branch position/plant height ratio, main sequence length/plant height ratio, branch amount, leaf angle, crotch angle, root/shoot ratio; Described yield traits comprises following index: angle fruit number, seed number per pod, thousand kernel weight, biological yield, seed production, economic coefficient; Described resistance trait comprises following index: stalk break, virus disease, lodging resistance, cracking resistance angle; Described quality trait: oil content, sulphur glycosides, protein, erucic acid, oleic acid, oil content+protein content.
4. the selection of rape specular removal Core Germplasms according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in step (6), the point system of the comprehensive identification screening index system of described rape specular removal material, comprise the following steps: each index is divided into 4 grades by (1), divide by measured value quantifiable index, not energetic index divides by recording; According to " 1,2,3,4 ", score value is carried out to different gear; (2) " score value × with the partial correlation coefficient of output " calculates weight score; (3) every characteristic index sum is comprehensive PTS; (4) continuous 2 years integrate scores are all specular removal Core Germplasms than the material of contrast Qin-you No.7 high more than 10%.
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