CN1075345C - Breeding method for high resistance to white leaf-blast of hybrid rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a breeding method for hybrid rice with high resistance to bacterial blight. Xa-7 gene which has high resistance to the bacterial blight and is introduced from DV85 is transferred to Minghui 83 for breeding Kanghui 63 by backcross breeding for 5 to 10 generations and test cross identification. Cross combinations are formed by the hybridization of Kanghui 63 and the sterile lines of Zhenshan 97A, V20A, Longtepu A, Xieqingzao A, etc., the cross combinations which comprise Shanyoukang 63, V Youkang 63, Teyoukang 63, etc. keep the essential features and the properties of Shanyou 63 and have multiple good agronomic characters, the most outstanding characteristic of the cross combinations is the high resistance to the bacterial blight, and a plurality of the characteristics are improved; therefore, a production problem of the hybrid rice in China, namely that the hybrid rice does not have the resistance to the bacterial blight, is solved.

Description

The breeding method of resistance to white leaf-blast of hybrid rice

The present invention relates to a kind of breeding technique of resistance to white leaf-blast of hybrid rice.Be exclusively used in production and the application of hybrid rice.

Nearly 200,000,000 mu throughout the year of China Yangtze river basin and part provinces and regions, south China hybrid rices, according to Ministry of Agriculture's statistics in 1994, applied combination 47.7% is bright extensive 63 offspring (excellent 63 as Shanyou 63, special excellent 63, association, II excellent 63 etc.), in recent years still based on " Shanyou 63 ", its stable high yield, the ripe phase is moderate, adaptability is strong, rice matter is better, has made outstanding contributions over past ten years on China's Rice Production, the govern-house-variety of the many provinces and cities of China that estimate still to can yet be regarded as in the several years from now on.But because its easy infection bacterial leaf-blight (one of three big diseases on China's Rice Production), especially retransmit the district at middle and lower reaches provinces and regions, the Changjiang river bacterial leaf-blight Chang Faqu such as Soviet Union, Anhui, Hubei Province, Henan, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, combinations such as Shanyou 63 often are subjected to the harm of bacterial leaf-blight to some extent, general morbidity field piece underproduction 10-20%, the serious morbidity field piece underproduction is more than 40%, the medication control efficiency is poor, cost height, and serious environment pollution.High and unstable in combination output such as above-mentioned regional Shanyou 63s, popularization even can not planted in serious area.Along with agricultural production develops to highly efficient and productive, low consumption direction, the new combination of hybrid rice of the high anti-white rot of seed selection becomes key subjects on China's breeding work already, domestic and international many breeding work persons have made big quantity research for this reason, over past ten years seed selection the recovery system of many bacterial blight-resistings, be IR26, the IR36 system, special green grass or young crops or the like.Yet anti-source comes from this incomplete dominant gene of XA-4 more, still not anti-or middle bacterial blight-resisting (" rice in China kind and the pedigree thereof " P197-209 of the hybrid combination of being prepared, Shanghai science tech publishing house, in March, 1991), December 21 nineteen ninety-five " Science and Technology Daily " front page report China scientist cooperate with U.S. scientist, obtain the clone of bacterial blight of rice resistance of wide spectrum gene XA-21 first in the world, but " in the gene engineering work of bacterial leaf-blight gene transfer in rice cultivar and the hybrid rice, among also just carrying out in heredity institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences Plant Biotechnology laboratory." as seen at home and abroad there is no the report of the hybrid rice of high resistance to hoja blanca.Patent " a kind of breeding method of hybrid rice " (application number 92103511X, documents is CN1066165A) inventor's application in 1992 relates to following main contents: (1) is introduced external resistant parent DV85 (♂) and is bred middle anti-source TN1/DV85 with TN1 (♀) hybridization.(2) with middle anti-source TN1/DV85 (♀) and bright extensive 63 (♂) hybridization, the 3-4 that backcrosses is for breeding Nan Nong anti-65.(3), produce hybrid rices such as excellent anti-65, special excellent anti-65, the association excellent anti-65 of Shan with south farming anti-65 and sterile lines seed makings such as Zhenshan 97a, imperial Mortopl A, Xieqingzao A.From generation to generation the restriction owing to backcross, Nan Nong anti-65 is stable as yet, resistance and coordinate force are undesirable, the hybrid rice combination Shan of therefore being prepared at that time excellent anti-65, special excellent anti-65 disease resistance and yielding ability are bad.

It is unreliable to the objective of the invention is newly to make up bacterial blight-resisting at the last hybrid rice of present large tracts of land production, coordinate force is bad, the seed farm pollen amount is less, the low defective of bacterial blight-resisting safely and reliably that waits of seed farm output provides a kind of resistance to white leaf-blast of hybrid rice the new breeding technique that makes up.

Technical scheme provided by the present invention is for introducing the germ plasm resource " DV85 " of external bacterial blight-resisting, this kind inoculation identifies that disease resistance is extremely strong, contain the recessive disease-resistant gene of Xa-7 dominance disease-resistant gene and Xa-5, its Other Main Agronomic Characters extreme difference, as plant height (more than the 130cm), tassel granule is little, easy shattering, the long awns of tool etc., improvement work is in two stages: the first step it and famous short source parent " in the platform local No. one " (TN1) hybridization downgrade, select about plant height 100cm, the big grain of fringe is big, moderate growth duration, anti-source, the centre of high resistance to hoja blanca (TN1/DV85), genetic research show that it has Xa-7 dominance disease-resistant gene; Second step is anti-source, centre and domestic application area maximum, recovery system " the bright extensive 63 " hybridization that implantation time is the longest, after 6-10 backcrossed more than generation, transformation, inoculation is identified and testcross and screening has been bred " anti-extensive 63 ", " anti-extensive 63 " field growing way appearance is elephant " bright extensive 63 " very, but studies show that it has the Xa-7 disease-resistant gene, with " Zhenshan 97a ", " imperial Mortopl A ", " V20A ", " II-32A ", the hybrid rice that preparation such as " Xieqingzao A " male sterile line brings out " Shan excellent anti-63 ", " special excellent anti-63 ", " prestige excellent anti-63 ", " II excellent anti-63 ", " assist excellent anti-63 " etc., after tested, its grown form, feature, characteristic also exactly likes " Shanyou 63 ", " special excellent 63 ", " prestige excellent 63 ", " II excellent 63 ", " assist excellent 63 " etc., except high resistance to hoja blanca, many proterties such as tillering ability, number of grain per ear, ripening rate also improves to some extent.

Since anti-extensive 63 with bright extensive 63, Shan excellent anti-63 is closely similar with the fundamental characteristics of Shanyou 63, therefore also the production of hybrid seeds and the culture technique with Shanyou 63 is identical for excellent anti-63 the production of hybrid seeds of Shan and culture technique, the unit of every Shanyou 63 production of hybrid seeds and area are as long as change male parent bright extensive 63 into anti-extensive 63.Seeding quantity, sowing quantity, broadcast poor phase, planting type, water and fertilizer management, florescence and regulate etc. a series of basically with reference to the seeding technique of Shanyou 63.The reasonable place of same every plantation Shanyou 63 resists 63 with same cultivation step plantation Shan is excellent, and unique difference is must medication prevent and treat bacterial leaf-blight at the lesion Shanyou 63, and Shan excellent anti-63 then need not prevented and not treated bacterial leaf-blight can exempt bacterial leaf-blight harm.Therefore, the sterile lines seed making of usefulness anti-extensive 63 and domestic extensive use just can obtain the hybrid combination of a series of bacterial blight-resistings.

Be that example is narrated advantage of the present invention and good effect with " Shan excellent anti-63 " below:

1. to the low resistance of bacterial leaf-blight and stablize." anti-extensive 63 " bred with the present invention produce new combination " Shan excellent anti-63 " with " Zhenshan 97a " production of hybrid seeds, nineteen ninety-five is identified with the strong fungus strain of bacterial leaf-blight " Zhejiang 173 " inoculation in my experimental field, school, measure scab length after 2 days, 4.2 centimetres of " Shan excellent anti-63 " average out to, sick level is 1 grade (high anti-), 31 centimetres of sick squad leader's degree average out to of contrast " Shanyou 63 ", and sick level is 8 grades (high senses), and the scab length of " Shan excellent anti-65 " is 26.8 centimetres, and sick level is 7 grades (senses).Hybrid combination with other many male sterile line preparations such as imperial Mortopl A, golden 23A also shows similar and consistent result, promptly only uses the combination of " anti-extensive 63 " preparation, and its first generation of hybrid (F1) just shows the characteristic of high resistance to hoja blanca.

2. main economic characters are better, thereby the performance high yield." Shan excellent anti-63 " tillering ability just is better than " Shanyou 63 ", " Shan excellent anti-65 " since seedling stage, best result tiller number, every mu of number of productive ear, every total grain panicle number, real grain number, ripening rate etc. all obviously surpass contrast " Shanyou 63 " and reach " Shan excellent anti-65 ", thereby comparison is according to significantly volume increase.See Table.

3. plant height, plant type, blade profile, leaf color, heading stage, regularity, maturing stage and lodging resistance etc., " Shan excellent anti-63 " is quite similar with " Shanyou 63 ", and " Shan excellent anti-63 " because of disease resistance is strong, the late growing stage blade seems delicate and pretty.

4. pollen amount observed result, " anti-extensive 63 " are identical with " bright extensive 63 ", and flower pesticide is big, pollen amount is many, and production of hybrid seeds test shows, the excellent anti-63 seed farm ripening rate height of Shan, per mu yield is up to more than 500 jin, and it is few to have overcome " Nan Nong anti-65 " pollen amount, the defective that hybrid seed yield is not high.

Shan excellent anti-63, special excellent anti-63 and the main economic characters of contrast are relatively

Combination	Plant height (cm)	Best result tiller (ten thousand/mu)	Number of productive ear (ten thousand/mu)	Spike length (cm)	Always draw number (every fringe)	Real grain number (every fringe)
							Shan excellent anti-63	130	35	17.52	24.18	164.5	147.6
Shanyou 63 (CK)	126.7	32.8	17.04	23.77	137.3	115.4
							Shan excellent anti-65	129.3	30.2	16.16	25.11	157.4	137.8
Special excellent anti-63	121.7		17.90	22.95	156.3	139.1
							Special excellent anti-65	124.5		17.00	23.6	140.3	124.1
Combination	Ripening rate (%)	Thousand kernel weight (g)	Long (cm) (Zhejiang 173) of bacterial leaf spot scab	The extremely neat fringe of sowing (my god)	Output (Kg/ mu)	Than CK ± %
							Shan excellent anti-63	89.73	27.33	4.2	104	717.8	+28.3
Shanyou 63 (CK)	84.05	28.40	31	103	570.3	-
							Shan excellent anti-65	87.55	27.13	26.8	103	604.1	+8.1
Special excellent anti-63	89	27.40	3.35	100	682.2	+22.1
							Special excellent anti-65	88.45	26.93	9.2	100	568.1	+1.7

Fig. 1 is the hybrid rice series of combination breeding method schematic diagram of bacterial blight-resisting

Be described in detail inventive embodiments below:

The present invention draws in used anti-source " DV85 " (" rice in China kind and the pedigree thereof ") from phase Li Lanka state.According to IRRI, this kind contains the disease-resistant gene of Xa-5 and two different in kinds of Xa-7, the performance high resistance to hoja blanca, and disease resistance is stable, but plant height (more than 130 centimetres) drapes over one's shoulders leaf, little, the easy shattering of tassel granule, comprehensive proterties is very poor, directly utilizes relatively more difficult in breeding for disease resistance.First step work is that it is downgraded.We do local No. one (TN1) hybridization in male parent and the short source kind platform that infects bacterial leaf-blight with DV85, transformation becomes semi-short-stalked, the anti-source TN1/DV85 in centre that economic characters are better, strain under the anti-source, centre is tied up to usefulness bacterial leaf-blight fungus strain KS-121 in booting stage, (concentration is 300,000,000/ml) to carry out leaf-cutting inoculation to Zhejiang 173 bacterial strains such as grade, the leaf-cutting position is for falling a leaf, the minority plant is for falling two leaves, 3 blades of every strain inoculation, inoculate back 20 days and measure leaf spot lesion length, disease resistance is as middle anti-source near the strain of DV85.

The work of second step is: be female parent with anti-source, selected centre than thought (TV1/DV85), make paternal hybrid with domestic best recovery system " bright extensive 63 ", select high resistance to hoja blanca in the F2 colony, comprehensive proterties individual plant is preferably done maternal, backcross with bright extensive 63 again, backcross progeny inoculates evaluation, backcross with bright extensive 63 according to qualifications, so backcross and identified for six generations, select high resistance to hoja blanca, similar bright extensive 63 the strain of plant forms and main economic characters is some, again respectively with Zhenshan 97a, dragon Mortopl A, Xieqingzao A, main male sterile line test cross such as II-32A, F1 identifies its coordinate force and disease resistance, finally it is good to select coordinate force, the strain that premunition is strong is 3166, names to be " anti-extensive 63 ".

The work of the 3rd step is usefulness anti-extensive 63 and sterile lines seed makings such as Zhenshan 97a, imperial Mortopl A.Because anti-extensive 63 is identical with bright extensive 63 breeding times, the seeding technique of combinations such as seeding technique and Shanyou 63, spy excellent 63 is basic identical.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of breeding method of resistance to white leaf-blast of hybrid rice, comprise and select disease-resistant parent DV85 to make male parent, downgrade as hybridization of female parent with local TN1 in the platform, breed the anti-source TN1/DV85 that derives, do maternal with the anti-source TN1/DV85 that derives then, bright extensive 63 hybridize, backcross, identify, survey and join, screen and breed the resistance to white leaf-blast of hybrid rice breeding material as male parent, it is characterized in that, the algebraically of backcrossing is 6-10 generation, it is anti-extensive 63 to breed resistance to white leaf-blast of hybrid rice, be that male parent and male sterile line are hybridized the preparing hybrid kind with described hybrid rice anti-extensive 63.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described sterile be " Zhenshan 97a ", " imperial Mortopl A ", " V20A ", " II-32A " or " Xieqingzao A ".

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