CN106134978B - A kind of selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed - Google Patents
A kind of selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed Download PDFInfo
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- CN106134978B CN106134978B CN201610442887.9A CN201610442887A CN106134978B CN 106134978 B CN106134978 B CN 106134978B CN 201610442887 A CN201610442887 A CN 201610442887A CN 106134978 B CN106134978 B CN 106134978B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed, including female parent selection, male parent selection, hybridization, selection and breeding, the present invention pointedly proposes parent's candidate's germplasm list, cross combination list, method is provided for the efficient selection and breeding of the New Mulberry Variety suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant genetics and breeding technical field, more particularly to a kind of selection and breeding suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed
Method.
Background technology
Planting mulberry and breeding silkworm are labor-intensive productions, but as the quickening of urbanization process, rural labor are constantly reduced, agriculture
Village's lack of labor has been a undisputable fact.Change mulberry field Cultivate administration pattern, reduce the labor intensity of sericulture, improve
Efficiency is to ensure the basis of silkworm industry stable development.Labor-saving shoot rearing sericulture technology is an effective approach.Bar
Sang Yu breeds silkworms to refer to cut from mulberry tree to cut down the branch with mulberry leaf and directly feed silkworm and substitute and traditional is picked from mulberry branch
The method that piece leaf feeds silkworm.The core of bar Sang Yangcan and basis are mulberry tree breed of the plantation suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting.Suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting
The biology that has of mulberry tree breed and agronomic characteristics requirement mainly include：Spring force is strong, and branch is elongated, upright neat, section
Between it is closeer, leaf blade size is moderate, suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting and mechanized harvest etc..The life having suitable for the mulberry tree breed of mulberry shoot harvesting
Characteristic requirements of science are mainly：Resistance to cut is cut down, and at least is resistant to cut for 3 times to cut down within 1 year in growth period.
Japan has been bred as new one more than 10 a bar mulberry races of rapids grade once large-area applications in production.China is not still special
The mulberry tree breed of mulberry shoot harvesting is bred as, and conventional mulberry races one year cuts for 3 times and to cut down rear yield degradation, and the death rate is up to after 3 years
65%.Seriously China's sericulture Labor-saving, the production requirement of scale are constrained so lacking bar mulberry mulberry tree breed and drawing.Cause
The technical difficult points of bar mulberry races selection and breeding difficulty are the selections of crossbreeding parent.In Juvenile stage, suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting
Mulberry tree breed (germplasm) appearance and mulberry yield feature easily identify that but never effective method judges that its resistance to cuts is cut down
The two aspect features and performance, are more genetic in same filial generation by performance at the same time at the same time without pointedly proposition
Breeding method.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed, pointedly propose
Parent's candidate's germplasm list, cross combination list, method is provided for the efficient selection and breeding of the New Mulberry Variety suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
A kind of selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed, comprises the following steps：
First, female parent selection
Female parent selection has the germplasm of following two aspect characteristics at the same time：
(1) there are the appearance agronomic characteristics suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting：Mulberry tree spring force is strong, clockwork spring number is more, into the strain of age mulberry tree
Clockwork spring number is more than 15 pieces/plant, and elongated and uniform, upright neat with branch, and interstitial content is big, and leaf blade size is medium；
It is (2) resistance in growth period that to cut the ability of cutting down strong；
2nd, male parent selects
Male parent selection has the germplasm of following two aspect characteristics at the same time：
Ith, mulberry yield is high, the ability of disease and insect resistance is strong；Soil site condition and the horizontal medium mulberry field of rich water, annual mulberry
The yield for setting piece leaf is higher than 2000Kg/ mus of germplasm.Disease and insect resistance is the energy such as antibacterium sick (mulberry epidemic disease), Phellinus linteus, red spider
Power is strong.
IIth, mulberry tree winter bar accessory bud is flourishing, phase in spring germinating energy is strong；Have around mulberry tree main bud in the middle part of winter branch more than 2 it is bright
Mulberry leaf are extractd in aobvious accessory bud, phase in spring germination to early April, and main accessory bud can be in 7 days Nei Kaiye.
3rd, hybridize
By above-mentioned Juvenile stage method, cross combination is configured, artificial sexual hybridization is carried out in spring, the seed of harvest hybridization then
After carry out autumn sowing, obtain cross hybrid seedling, second year field planting, selection meet have in step 1 it is special suitable for the appearance agronomy of mulberry shoot harvesting
The single plant of sign, single plant enter Systematic selection and obtain the strain of stabilization characteristics of genetics as candidate's bar Sang Sangshu strains；
4th, selection and breeding
Candidate's bar Sang Sangshu strains obtain nursery stock by engrafting method, and after plantation, selection meets step a kind female parent selection
The strain of two aspect characteristics carries out single plant and cell biology and economical character investigation, and regional and raw in multiple point progress
Production experiment, must be suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed after authorization.
Preferably, refer to the mulberry tree more than or equal to 4 years age of trees into age mulberry tree.
Preferably, the resistance to strong standards of measurement of the ability of cutting down of cutting are in growth period：Cut down by continuous 5 years, annual 3 times continuous cut
Method identify, identification of indicator be 5 years it is continuous cut cut down, the 4th and the 5th year mulberry tree whole year piece leaf-making quantity and traditional harvesting method
Than the decline on being not statistically significant.Specially：The mulberry tree progress spring is cut down, and neat fist is cut for the first time when phase in spring new bar grows to 100cm
Cut down mulberry shoot harvesting；Second of neat fist cuts cut shoot mulberry when new bar grows to 100cm after germination；Treat that new bar is grown to after germinateing again
The neat fist of third time cuts cut shoot mulberry during 100cm.The neat fist of third time is cut cut down after, the branch one that grows until winter fall leaves.Adopt within continuous 5 years
Cut in aforementioned manners and cut down harvest, cut cut down continuous 2 years the 4th, the 5th year investigation mulberry yield (blade adds three, five leaves) removing
After environmental factor, the same kind (germplasm) with carrying out conventional method harvest always statistically significantly declines than not.
Preferably, the germplasm for meeting step 1 female parent selection condition is selected from one below：Rapids, the sharp leaf of bud mutation new one is blue or green
Mulberry, Zhejiang 102, green peel "Hur" mulberry, four cyanotics, new one rapids, blue or green mulberry, Dong Ling more mulberries, white skin oil step on (Xinchang), "Hur" mulberry 77, semi-annular jade pendant mulberry 3
Number, white skin fire mulberry, black leaf ink fountain, true mulberry of warm age, leaf bud mulberry, Shengxian County be blue or green, white skin lotus leaf.
Preferably, the germplasm for meeting step 2 male parent alternative condition is selected from one below：Nongsang No.8, farming and sericulture 12, agriculture
Mulberry No. 14, farming and sericulture 10, new mulberry No. 1, educate 711, Haining mulberry, new mulberry No. 4, shengtong-1.
Preferably, configuration female parent × male parent of cross combination is selected from one below in step 3：Black leaf ink fountain × farming and sericulture
14, rapids × new mulberry No. 1 of bud mutation one, Shengxian County is blue or green × educate 711, rapids × shengtong-1 of bud mutation new one, black leaf ink fountain × new mulberry No. 1,
Black leaf ink fountain × farming and sericulture 12, new one rapids × Haining mulberry, black leaf ink fountain × new mulberry No. 4.Preferably,
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：It is essential as the urgent of China's sericultural production suitable for the mulberry tree breed of mulberry shoot harvesting
Ask, still released in production without this special mulberry tree breed.The present invention provides one kind to be suitable for the special mulberry tree breed of mulberry shoot harvesting
The system of selection of parent during selection cross, and parent's candidate variety (germplasm) list is pointedly proposed, cross combination list,
Method is provided for the efficient selection and breeding of the New Mulberry Variety suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the kind (germplasm) for possessing the appearance agronomic characteristics suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting.
Fig. 2 is the contrast of antibacterium characteristic of disease shape.
Fig. 3 is anti-red spider character pair ratio.
Fig. 4 is that No. 11 growing of mulberry situations of bar mulberry (13 years age of trees) are contrasted with common variety.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, technical scheme is described in further detail.
In the present invention, if not refering in particular to, used raw material and equipment etc. are commercially available or commonly used in the art.
Method in following embodiments, is the conventional method of this area unless otherwise instructed.
Embodiment：
1st, there is the selection of the mulberry tree breed (germplasm) suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting agronomic characteristics
Mulberry Germplasm Resources are provided by Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science Hangzhou mulberry tree breed Germplasm Resources, and inventor is to from state
Inside and outside collection, introduction, and the 986 parts of kinds (kind being planted in the mulberry tree breed Germplasm Resources of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science Hangzhou
Matter) appearance character investigated, select 210 parts of kinds (germplasm) such as black leaf ink fountain, possess the appearance agriculture suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting
Skill feature：Send out that mulberry tree spring force is strong, clockwork spring number is more, into age mulberry tree (being more than or equal to 4 years age of trees) strain clockwork spring number more than 15/
Strain, and it is elongated and uniform, upright neat with branch, interstitial content is big, and leaf blade size is medium (see Fig. 1).
2nd, female parent selection
To 210 parts of kinds such as the black leaf ink fountain of appearance agronomic characteristics possessed suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting selected in step 1 (kind
Matter), carry out continuous 5 years, annual 3 branches and leaves cut and cut down.Method is：The bar spring in winter is cut down, after the germination of phase in spring the when 100cm is grown to for new article
Once neat fist cuts cut shoot leaf, investigates piece leaf-making quantity；Second of neat fist cuts cut shoot leaf when new bar grows to 100cm after germination, investigates
Piece leaf-making quantity；The neat fist of third time cuts cut shoot leaf when new bar grows to 100cm after germinateing again, investigates piece leaf-making quantity.Third time is neat
Fist is cut cut down after, carry out bud thinning in the new slightly higher degree 10cm grown, every plant of mulberry tree stays bar 12-15 roots, grow to always winter from
So fallen leaves.The result shows that there are 22 kinds (germplasm) to be cut using the above method for continuous 5 years cuts down harvest, cut and cut down the 4th, the 5th year continuous 2
Year investigation mulberry yield (blade adds three, five leaves) is after environmental factor is removed, with carrying out the same of conventional method harvest always
Without statistically significantly (table 1) is declined, these kinds or germplasm include one kind ratio："Hur" mulberry 77, semi-annular jade pendant mulberry No. 3, white skin fire mulberry,
Black leaf ink fountain, true mulberry of warm age, leaf bud mulberry, Shengxian County be blue or green, white skin lotus leaf, rapids, the sharp leaf green grass or young crops mulberry of bud mutation new one, rapids, the Zhejiang of bud mutation one
102nd, green peel "Hur" mulberry, new mulberry No. 1, new mulberry No. 4, four cyanotics, new one rapids, blue or green mulberry, Dong Ling more mulberries, white skin oil are stepped on (Xinchang)
Deng.The 4th year of principal item (germplasm) and the 5th year mulberry leaf average product are shown in Table 1.These kinds (germplasm) are in artificial hybridization method
Selection and breeding are suitable for the female parent as hybridization during mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed.
Table cut within 1. continuous 5 years cut down, the 4th and the 5th year mulberry leaf average product
* the identical expression of the same variety yield upper right corner letter of same time is not significantly different.
3. male parent selects
To collecting, introducing from domestic and international, and it is planted in the mulberry tree breed Germplasm Resources of Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science Hangzhou
Annual Sang Sangye (piece leaf) yield of 986 parts of kinds (germplasm), antibacterium sick (mulberry epidemic disease), Phellinus linteus, the ability such as red spider
With 3 characters of mulberry tree winter bar accessory bud and phase in spring germinating energy investigate within continuous 3 years, select 8 parts of the grade kind of farming and sericulture 14 (germplasm),
Possess under soil site condition and the horizontal moderate condition of rich water, the yield of annual mulberry tree piece leaf is higher than 2000Kg/ mus.In mulberry tree
The outburst time such as antibacterium disease (mulberry epidemic disease), Phellinus linteus, red spider has the ability for naturally resisting these pest and disease damages.It is provided simultaneously with mulberry
Set the character that winter bar accessory bud is flourishing, phase in spring germinating energy is strong.The yield traits of representative kind is shown in Table 2, and antibacterium characteristic of disease shape is shown in figure
2, anti-red spider character is shown in Fig. 3.
Continuous 3 annual output of table 2. is higher than 30T/ hectares, and higher than the kind (germplasm) of "Hur" mulberry 32
| Kind (germplasm) | First annual output (T/ hectares) | Second annual output (T/ hectares) | 3rd annual output (T/ hectares) |
| Nongsang No.8 | 30.1b | 30.8b | 30.2a |
| Farming and sericulture 10 | 30.6b | 31.7b | 32.2b |
| Farming and sericulture 12 | 30.5b | 31.1b | 31.6b |
| Farming and sericulture 14 | 32.1b | 33.2b | 33.9b |
| New mulberry No. 1 | 32.3b | 30.5b | 31.2b |
| "Hur" mulberry 32 | 26.5a | 27.9a | 28.0a |
* the identical expression of same time different cultivars yield upper right corner letter is not significantly different.
4. artificial sexual hybridization selection and breeding have the method suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting kind (being)
Step 2 select for female parent, select yield high, diseases and insect pests resistance is strong, and winter bar accessory bud is flourishing, phase in spring germinating energy is strong
Mulberry tree breed be male parent.Artificial hybridization is carried out, altogether there is provided 27 cross combinations, autumn sowing is carried out after harvesting hybridization seed then.
Obtain cross hybrid seedling, except tiny seedling is eliminated in addition to, second year field planting, by appearance have be suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed biological characteristic with
The requirement of agronomic characteristics carries out the Single-plant selection of appearance character.Elite plant strain enters Systematic selection, selects 8 mulberry shoot harvestings altogether
Strain, is named as respectively：Bar mulberry No. 1, bar mulberry No. 2, bar mulberry No. 3, bar mulberry No. 4, bar mulberry No. 10, bar mulberry No. 11, bar mulberry No. 13, bar
Mulberry No. 16.Parent's (female parent-male parent) of this 8 cross combinations is respectively：Black leaf ink fountain × farming and sericulture 14, rapids × new mulberry of bud mutation one
No. 1, Shengxian County is blue or green × educate 711, rapids × shengtong-1 of bud mutation new one, black leaf ink fountain × new mulberry No. 1, black leaf ink fountain × farming and sericulture 12, newly
One rapids × Haining mulberry, black leaf ink fountain × new mulberry No. 4.
5. resistance to cut of mulberry shoot harvesting new lines cuts down the characters such as performance, yield
The plantation of mulberry shoot harvesting new lines is into after age, 1 year 3 times are carried out by above-mentioned (1) method cutting to cut down in step 4, continuous 5 years
Resistance to cut cut down Performance Testing, cut and cut down the yield of the 4th year and the 5th year and be shown in Table 3.Wherein bar mulberry No. 1, bar mulberry No. 2, bar mulberry No. 3, bar
Mulberry No. 4, bar mulberry No. 10, bar mulberry No. 11, the yield of 7 strains of bar mulberry No. 13 cut and cut down at 1 year 3 times after with always carry out tradition side
The same kind ratio of method harvest is not remarkably decreased, and biology and economical character are suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting requirement substantially, is resisted
Pest and disease damage ability is strong (Fig. 4).The continuous yield after cutting down 3 years significantly (p ﹤ 0.05) of cutting of bar mulberry No. 16 declines.
Table cut within 3. continuous 5 years cut down, the 4th and the 5th year mulberry leaf average product
* the identical expression of the same variety yield upper right corner letter of same time is not significantly different.
6. male parent, the effect and its characters of progenies of maternal opposite combinatorial artificial sexual hybridization in step 4
Step 2 select for male parent, select yield high, diseases and insect pests resistance is strong, and winter bar accessory bud is flourishing, phase in spring germinating energy is strong
Mulberry tree breed for female parent.Cross combination is set, carries out artificial hybridization, autumn sowing is carried out after the seed of harvest hybridization then, is hybridized
Seedling, in addition to tiny seedling is eliminated, second year field planting, carries out Single-plant selection, grows excellent strain and enter Systematic selection, select 4 altogether
The combination of a mulberry shoot harvesting, is named as respectively：Bar 1, bar 2, bar 3, bar 4.This cross combination parent (it is maternal-
Male parent) be respectively：Farming and sericulture 14 × ink leaf ink fountain, rapids, the farming and sericulture 12 × ink leaf ink fountain of shengtong-1 × bud mutation new one, Haining mulberry ×
New one it is rapids.
Resistance to cut of cross combination cuts down the characters such as performance, yield：
After cross combination new product is tied to form age, resistance to cut cut down is cut within continuous 5 years, annual 3 times by the method progress of step 2 and cuts down performance
Identification.Cut and cut down the yield of the 4th year and the 5th year and be shown in Table 4.Wherein bar 1, bar 2, bar 3, the yield of 4 strains of bar No. 4 are shown
Write and decline, and yield is not low under traditional harvesting method, illustrates that its resistance to cuts cuts down poor performance, and biology and economical character are most
It is not suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting requirement, diseases and insect pests resistance has by force and has weak (table 4).Comprehensive all kinds of characters, 4 kinds (being) are uncomfortable
Together in mulberry shoot harvesting.
Table cut within 4. continuous 5 years cut down, the 4th and the 5th year mulberry leaf average product
* the identical expression of the same variety yield upper right corner letter of same time is not significantly different.
Embodiment described above is a kind of preferable scheme of the present invention, and not the present invention is made in any form
Limitation, also has other variations and remodeling on the premise of without departing from the technical solution described in claim.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
First, female parent selection
Female parent selection has the germplasm of following two aspect characteristics at the same time：
(1) there are the appearance agronomic characteristics suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting：Mulberry tree spring force is strong, clockwork spring number is more, into the strain clockwork spring of age mulberry tree
Number is more than 15 pieces/plant, and elongated and uniform, upright neat with branch, and interstitial content is big, and leaf blade size is medium；
It is (2) resistance in growth period that to cut the ability of cutting down strong；
Wherein, the resistance to strong standards of measurement of the ability of cutting down of cutting are in growth period：The side for cutting down harvest is continuously cut by continuous 5 years, annual 3 times
Method identifies, identification of indicator be 5 years it is continuous cut cut down, the yield of the 4th and the 5th year mulberry tree whole year piece leaf and traditional harvesting method ratio
The decline being not statistically significant；
2nd, male parent selects
Male parent selection has the germplasm of following two aspect characteristics at the same time：
I, mulberry yield is high, the ability of disease and insect resistance is strong；
II, mulberry tree winter bar accessory bud are flourishing, phase in spring germinating energy is strong；
3rd, hybridize
By above-mentioned Juvenile stage method, cross combination is configured, artificial sexual hybridization is carried out in spring, the seed of harvest hybridization then is laggard
Row autumn sowing, obtains cross hybrid seedling, second year field planting, and selection meets in step 1 with the appearance agronomic characteristics suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting
Single plant, single plant enter Systematic selection and obtain the strain of stabilization characteristics of genetics as candidate's bar Sang Sangshu strains；
4th, selection and breeding
Candidate's bar Sang Sangshu strains obtain nursery stock by engrafting method, and after plantation, selection meets step a kind female parent selection two
The strain of aspect characteristic carries out single plant and cell biology and economical character investigation, and carries out regional and production examination in multiple points
Test, mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed must be suitable for after authorization.
A kind of 2. selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Into age mulberry
Tree refers to the mulberry tree more than or equal to 4 years age of trees.
A kind of 3. selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Symbol
The germplasm for closing step 1 female parent selection condition is selected from one below：Rapids, the sharp leaf green grass or young crops mulberry of bud mutation new one, Zhejiang 102, green peel "Hur" mulberry,
Four cyanotics, new one rapids, blue or green mulberry, Dong Ling more mulberries, Xinchang production white skin oil step on, "Hur" mulberry 77, semi-annular jade pendant mulberry No. 3, white skin fire mulberry, Mo Ye
Ink fountain, true mulberry of warm age, leaf bud mulberry, Shengxian County be blue or green, white skin lotus leaf.
A kind of 4. selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Symbol
The germplasm for closing step 2 male parent alternative condition is selected from one below：It is Nongsang No.8, farming and sericulture 12, farming and sericulture 14, farming and sericulture 10, new
Mulberry No. 1, educate 711, Haining mulberry, new mulberry No. 4, shengtong-1.
A kind of 5. selection suitable for mulberry shoot harvesting mulberry tree breed according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：Step
Configuration female parent × male parent of cross combination in rapid three is selected from one below：Black leaf ink fountain × farming and sericulture 14, rapids × new mulberry 1 of bud mutation one
Number, Shengxian County is blue or green × educate 711, rapids × shengtong-1 of bud mutation new one, and black leaf ink fountain × new mulberry No. 1, black leaf ink fountain × farming and sericulture 12, newly
One rapids × Haining mulberry, black leaf ink fountain × new mulberry No. 4.
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| "桑树新品种农桑12 号、农桑14 号的育成";林寿康等;《蚕业科学》;20011231;第27卷(第3期);第210-213页 * |
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