CN101564005A - Hybrid maize seed production method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the heterosis application utilization field, more particularly, the invention relates to a method for hybrid maize seed production. In the invention, an inbred line X090 as a female parent and the inbred line X686 as a male parent are utilized for hybridization to prepare a hybrid maize seed, namely, Beiyan No. 8, wherein 'X090' is cultivated by the following steps of: conducting selfing and separation consecutively to 114 tropical germplasm materials sent from Thailand Experimental Station of Mexico International Wheat Improvement Center in 1996 in Beijing and Hainan, separating out tall and short inbred lines from TL90B, selecting the short inbred line for selfing, and conducting 9-generation selfing until 2003; and the inbred line 'X686' is the second circle line formed by the continuous selfing and breeding of the hybrid RX686 introduced from the United States in 1996, and 8 generations are inbreded until 2003 and named as X686. The hybrid is characterized by high and stable yield, strong disease resistance, and high biological yield.

Description

A kind of method of hybrid maize seed production

Technical field

The invention belongs to the heterosis utilization field, specifically the present invention is a kind of method of hybrid maize seed production.

Background technology

Corn is a heterosis utilization crop the earliest in the world, and since the thirties, countries in the world are all utilizing the hybrid vigour seed selection and promoting the superior corn new hybrid, as an important technology approach that improves corn yield, improvement corn quality from eighties of last century.The U.S. popularized corn hybrid seed in 1956, and the sowing area of China's corn hybrid seed in 1987 accounts for 80% of corn seeding area.Selecting and breeding corn crossbreed major technique link comprises according to breeding objective and carries out inbred line breeding, parental apolegamy, the evaluation selection of the new combination of hybridization, the regional test evaluation of different ecological environment etc.Corn breeding and produce advanced country such as the U.S., France, Germany is in the world produced and the continuous demand in market in order to satisfy, in time seed selection and release generation by generation new varieties and change original kind.

Since the eighties, China introduces large quantities of crossbreed from American-European corn main product state and is used for test, research.To at present, the research of the corn breeding of China mainly is based on the seed selection single cross hybrid.In four kind renewal processes of having carried out, the 4th generation crossbreed promoted ten aborning surplus year, the purity of parental inbred line descends, the resistance decline, therefore the output of crossbreed, regularity have been much worse than at the beginning of the popularization, and selecting coordinate force height, economical character is good, genotype is isozygotied inbred line preparing hybrid kind for use is to improve the key of corn yield.Peasant user expects the new varieties of high yield, high-quality, better resistance.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to utilize the hybrid vigour theory, select high-combining ability, economical character is good, genotype is isozygotied, parents' affiliation is far away hybridization between selfed lines for use, select high yield, disease-resistant corn hybrid seed.

The invention provides a kind of method of hybrid maize seed production, comprise the seed selection inbred line, safety is isolated, and regulates date of seeding, suitable row ratio, roguing, the maternal castration rooted out male parent, results utilize inbred line X090 to be female parent in good time, and inbred line X686 is a paternal hybrid, the preparation corn hybrid seed.

Wherein said inbred line X090 is that this seminar in 1996 mails 114 noble cane materials with Mexico international wheat improvement Thailand experiment station, center, separate through Beijing, the continuous selfing in two places, Hainan, from TL90B, isolate height, short two kinds of inbred lines, with the selfing of Tom Thumb inbred line, reached S9 by 2003 for naming of short plant type is X090.

Wherein said inbred line X686 is a second cycle line of using the continuous selfed breeding of crossbreed RX686 introduced from the U.S. to form, in 8 generations of selfing by 2003, names and is X686.

Biomaterial X090, the X686 that the present invention relates to is all open in non-patent literature, and above-mentioned biomaterial all has preservation at the applicant place, and the applicant guarantees to provide to the public in 20 years present patent application days.Wherein X090 discloses national crop varietal approval committee (corn part) the 4th page in 2005.

Male parent X686 examines in (corn part) the 7th page open in 2008 Beijing city variety of crops validation board.

The present invention utilizes inbred line X090 to be female parent, inbred line X686 is that feature is ground in the corn hybrid seed north of paternal hybrid preparation No. 8: average 103.3 days of breeding time of Beijing area summer sowing, the plant type compactness, the filigree yellow, the flower pesticide yellow, tassel branch 10-12,238 centimetres of plant heights, the fringe position is high 79 centimetres, empty bar rate 1%.17.8 centimetres of spike lengths, thick 5.0 centimetres of fringe, tassel row number 14-16 is capable, and the fringe grain weighs 156.3 grams, seed-producing rate 86.4%.The seed yellow, semihard grain type, dark 1.2 centimetres of grain, thousand kernel weight 356.4 grams.

The feature of parental inbred line X090: general combining ability is good, belongs to precocious type, 160 centimetres of plant heights, and 30 centimetres of fringe positions, fringe blade compactness, dark green, fruit ear is short and thick, seed solids type.

The feature of parental inbred line X686:

Ripe type during selfing is, 175 centimetres of plant heights, 50 centimetres of fringe positions, the plant type compactness, the upper blade upper punch, narrow, look dense, the stem stalk is tough and tensile, fruit ear is medium, seed horse flute profile, lodging resistance is good.

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:

1. output height, it is assembly in 2003 that north is ground No. 8,2004 in our unit's spring sowing approval test, 650 kilograms of average cell production folding per mu yields, comparison is according to agricultural university's 108 volume increase 2.6%; In our unit's summer sowing variety comparative test in 2005,679 kilograms of the average cell production folding per mu yields of this crossbreed, comparison is according to beautiful 11 volume increase 13% in capital, in our unit's summer sowing variety comparative tests in 2006,665 kilograms of average cell production folding per mu yields, comparison is according to 672 kilograms of capital beautiful 11 volume increase 9.5%, two annual per mu yields, and average specific contrasts beautiful 11 volume increase 11% in capital.

2. best in quality, reach the GB high-quality index;

3. resistance, the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, helminthosporium maydis, in anti-stem rot, short mosaic disease; Resistant to lodging, the drought resisting resistance to overhead flooding injury is strong;

4. wide adaptability.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a hybrid seeding family tree of the present invention.

Embodiment

Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.

Embodiment 1: No. 8 concrete seed selection process is ground in crossbreed of the present invention north

Improve Thailand experiment station, center in Hainan with the international wheat of Mexico in 1996 and mail 114 noble cane materials, separate through Beijing, the continuous selfing in two places, Hainan, from TL90B, isolate height, short two kinds of inbred lines, select the selfing of Tom Thumb inbred line for use, naming of short plant type is X090 to 8 generations of selfing in 2003.

The second cycle line of using the continuous selfed breeding of crossbreed X686 introduced from the U.S. to form in 1996, is named and is X686 8 generations of selfing in 2003.

Winter in 2003 was maternal in Hainan with inbred line X090, and X686 grinds No. 8 for the paternal hybrid assembly forms corn single cross hybrid north.Agricultural university's 108 volume increase 2.6% were shone in 650 kilograms of average cell production folding per mu yields, comparison to crossbreed of the present invention in our unit's spring sowing approval test in 2004; In our unit's summer sowing variety comparative test in 2005,679 kilograms of the average cell production folding per mu yields of this crossbreed, comparison is according to beautiful 11 volume increase 13% in capital, in our unit's summer sowing variety comparative tests in 2006,665 kilograms of average cell production folding per mu yields, comparison is according to 672 kilograms of capital beautiful 11 volume increase 9.5%, two annual per mu yields, and average specific contrasts beautiful 11 volume increase 11% in capital.

1, quality is identified

Through the check of grain quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture, contain thick starch 75.98%, crude fat 3.94%, crude protein 7.56%, lysine 0.26%, unit weight 724g/l in this kind seed.

Table 1. north is ground No. 8 and is analysed assay unit: %, G/L.

The unit of being examined	Sample number into spectrum	Crude protein	Crude fat	Thick starch	Lysine	Unit weight
							The Ministry of Agriculture	JW080561	7.56	3.94	75.98	0.26	724

2. resistance

Disease resistance: stem rot 78%, 80% takes place in 2 of district's examinations in 2007.District in 2008 finds 1 grade on big spot in the examination field, 1 grade, 1 grade of stigma, and 1 grade, 7 grades, 1 grade of curved spore slightly contracts 1%, stem rot 1%, 1%, silk dust-brand 1%.Resistance sees Table 2.

Table 2.2007, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science's disease inoculation qualification result in 2008 see the following form:

Year	Leaf blight	Helminthosporium maydis	The Curvularia lunata leaf spot	Head smut	Short mosaic disease	Stem rot
							2007	HR	R	S			HS
2008	MR	R	S		MR	MR

3. output performance

In our unit's summer sowing variety comparative test in 2005,679 kilograms of the average cell production folding per mu yields of this crossbreed, comparison is according to beautiful 11 volume increase 13% in capital, in our unit's summer sowing variety comparative tests in 2006,665 kilograms of average cell production folding per mu yields, comparison is according to 672 kilograms of capital beautiful 11 volume increase 9.5%, two annual per mu yields, and average specific contrasts beautiful 11 volume increase 11% in capital.(seeing Table 3).

Table 3. Beijing grinds in preliminary experiment north yield result unit: KG No. 8

Embodiment 2: No. 8 seeding technique is ground in crossbreed of the present invention north

1. safety is isolated:

Distance isolation: require not plant more than 300 meters other corn around the production of hybrid seeds district.

Time isolates: the sowing time production of hybrid seeds district in will with other corn mistake phase more than 35 days.

2. it is maternal that adjusting date of seeding: X090 does, and X686 makes male parent, broadcast the first phase during male parent earlier male parent seed soaking in three days in advance, sow simultaneously with female parent, broadcast second phase male parent again after first phase male parent is emerged.

3. suitable row ratio: father, maternal going than adopting 1: 5,1 row male parent is planted at the maternal interval of promptly per 5 row, and female parent is 3500 strain/mus, male parent 3000 strain/mus.

4. strict roguing:

Be to guarantee purity of hybrid, should be in seedling stage, shooting stage, take out and will not meet the assorted strain of parent's characteristic feature characteristic, different strain, lopsided strain, diseased plant and weak strain male early stage and all pull out.

5. maternal the castration rooted out male parent.

The maternal castration is the key link of production of hybrid seeds work, is the necessary means that obtains pure hybrid seed, must employing take off luxuriant emasculating method in advance, accomplishes thorough, clean.After the female parent pollination in production of hybrid seeds district finishes, male parent is all rooted out, help ventilation and penetrating light, improve output, prevent to mix, ensure the quality of products.

6. gather in the crops the airing keeping in good time.

In time gather in the crops after the production of hybrid seeds district corn maturation, avoid meeting rain fruit ear germination or mildew and rot, after threshing was dried, the registration warehouse-in was taken care of.

7. diseases prevention worm.

Plant clothing agent (farming (Hai Li) Zhuozhou, north kind clothing agent Co., Ltd) with 16% good fortune gram azoles alcohol (black Mi Jing) and carry out Cotton seeds, the typhon mouth phase can add 0.7% urea (east, Chengdu aurification reagent Co., Ltd) control of maize snout moth's larva and male parent row aphid with 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate.

Embodiment 3: No. 8 culture technique is ground in crossbreed of the present invention north

The Beijing area summer sowing was sowed at the beginning of 6 months, general planting density 4500 strain/mus, and the soil fertility condition can be planted 5000 strain/mus preferably.Rich water quality management has been executed base manure, seed manure based on short, and heavy dressing ear manuer is suitably mended granules application fertilizer.The typhon mouth phase is spread fertilizer over the fields granule prevention corn borer, avoids drought between tasseling stage, and the later stage is avoided waterlogging to increase a stem rot and takes place if rainwater is noted field drainage more.

Claims (9)

1, a kind of method of hybrid maize seed production comprises the seed selection inbred line, and safety is isolated, and regulates date of seeding, suitable row ratio, roguing, the maternal castration rooted out male parent, gather in the crops, it is characterized in that: utilize inbred line X090 to be female parent, inbred line X686 is a paternal hybrid in good time, the preparation corn hybrid seed.

2, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, described inbred line X090 is that Mexico international wheat improvement Thailand experiment station, center mails 114 noble cane materials, separate through Beijing, the continuous selfing in two places, Hainan, from TL90B, isolate height, short two kinds of inbred lines, select the selfing of Tom Thumb inbred line for use, reached S8 by 2003 for naming of short plant type is X090

3, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, the second cycle line that the continuous selfed breeding of crossbreed RX686 that the U.S. introduces forms reached S8 generation in 2003, names to be X686.

4, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described safety isolation, adopt distance isolation or time to isolate, adopt distance isolation to require not plant other corn more than 300 meters around the production of hybrid seeds district, adopt in the time insulation request production of hybrid seeds district sowing time will with other corn mistake phase more than 35 days.

5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described adjusting date of seeding, and X090 does maternal, and X686 makes male parent, broadcast the first phase during male parent earlier male parent seed soaking in three days in advance, sow simultaneously with female parent, broadcast second phase male parent again after first phase male parent is emerged; Or broadcast first phase male parent earlier, and when the first phase, male parent went out root, broadcast female parent, after first phase male parent is emerged, broadcast second phase male parent again.

6, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described suitable row than being father, maternal going than adopting 1: 5.

7, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described roguing adopts in seedling stage, shooting stage, takes out male early stage and all do not pull out meeting the assorted strain of parent's characteristic feature characteristic, different strain, lopsided strain, diseased plant and weak strain.

8, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that described maternal the castration, adopts and takes off luxuriant emasculating method in advance, thoroughly extracts maternal tassel.

9, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that the described male parent of rooting out is: after the female parent pollination in production of hybrid seeds district finishes, male parent is all rooted out.