CN101796920A - Method of hybrid seed production for corn variety - Google Patents
Method of hybrid seed production for corn variety Download PDFInfo
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- CN101796920A CN101796920A CN 201010129576 CN201010129576A CN101796920A CN 101796920 A CN101796920 A CN 101796920A CN 201010129576 CN201010129576 CN 201010129576 CN 201010129576 A CN201010129576 A CN 201010129576A CN 101796920 A CN101796920 A CN 101796920A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-yield and multi-resistant method of hybrid seed production for corn variety, belonging to the field of taking advantages of corn hybrid seeds. The method comprises seed selection of inbred lines 216 and 86 by using inbred line 216 as female parent and inbred line 86 as male parent or by using inbred line 86 as female parent and inbred line 216 as male parent to prepare hybrid seed Bidan-13 through multi-generations self-pollination purification, and provides corresponding seed production technique and high-yield culture technique. The prepared Bidan-13 has the characteristics of high yield, good quality, multi-resistance, broad adaptability, and the like; with the average yield per mu of 585.12kg, the corn is averagely increased by 15.37% compared with Xinghuangdan-892, and is an ideal variety for current corn production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seeding technique of corn hybrid seed, belong to the technical field of agriculture seed selection novel species.
Background technology
Corn is the staple food crop of China, and a whole nation year cultivated area has about 300,000,000 mu approximately.Since the nineties, the most of regional spring corn in Yunnan, Guizhou is a main breed with No. 4, the west of Guizhou Province, No. 3, Bi Dan, Luo Dan etc., and kind all planted a year limit for length, and general per mu yield has only about 450 kilograms.The needs of development because the improvement of culture technique and the raising of production management level, yield level can not adapt to the situation far away.In addition, because the plantation for many years of these kinds, kind property has in various degree degeneration to add the harm of various new diseases and new biological strain, resistance weakens, cause the output underproduction 5～10%,, replace the kind of using in the present production so just be badly in need of at present bringing out new kind.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of a kind of corn variety Bi Dan, has overcome the defective that existing corn variety exists, and utilizes hybrid vigour, and the output height increases production more than 8% than control group Xing Huangdan; How anti-, to leaf blight, the black disease of silk fringe, banded sclerotial blight, ear rot, corn borer, anti-bottom class disease, graywall have the anti-effect of tangible height.
Solving the scheme that technical problem of the present invention adopts is: the seed selection that the present invention includes parental inbred line, distance isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, suitable father and mother's one's own profession ratio, artificial supplementary pollination is castrated in artificial impurity elimination, date of seeding, regulated and the results management, and breeding is that the inbred line 216 with Bijie Prefecture, the Guizhou institute of agricultural sciences is that female parent, inbred line 86 are male parent or are that female parent, inbred line 216 are quadrature kind and the reciprocal cross kind that male parent is mixed with No. 13, crossbreed Bi Dan with inbred line 86 in these measures.
Inbred line 216 of the present invention is to be 449 to be female parent with white 94 choosings of China ink, with the ETO germplasm is male parent, hybridization obtains a topcross kind, be female parent with this topcross kind again, the red bone in Luda (red 340) is a male parent, after hybridization obtained a basic material, continuously in 2 generations of selfing, selected excellent strain, again with white 94 choosings of China ink be 449 for male parent hybridize after again selfing 6 generation seed selection form; Inbred line 86 is to obtain three single cross hybrid after 3 narrow sills hybridization setting up with 331 genetic backgrounds, and three single cross hybrid are planted in same field piece, through the mixed pollination secondary, forms synthetic variety, and then through continuous 6 generation selfed breeding form.
Above-mentioned 3 narrow sills setting up with 331 genetic backgrounds are: 331 * wood 6,331 * 411 and 331 * C103.
The measure of taking during hybrid seeding is as follows:
1, distance isolation: the breeding inbred line will be more than 500 meters; The hybrid seeding field is more than 300 meters.
2, proper seeding: should in time sow during when soil temperature is stable by 10 ℃, as sowing in spring at Yunnan, Guizhou one band in April, sowing in the last ten-days period is advisable.
3, rational close planting: calculate with mixed area, the every mu of female parent of keeping a full stand of seedings is 3200～3500 strains, and male parent is 600～700 strains.
4, suitable father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 4～5, and the general local production of hybrid seeds is 1: 4, and Hainan production of hybrid seeds is 1: 5.
5, date of seeding is regulated: 1. prepare No. 13 quadrature kinds of Bi Dan: general male parent 86 will be divided the sowing of two phases, broadcasts first phase male parent when maternal 2 leaves, 1 heart, can broadcast 2/3 of male parent full dose, broadcasts second phase male parent when first phase male parent is unearthed burr-drill again; Or when maternal 2 leaves, 1 heart first phase male parent, male parent row full dose is sowed, and broadcasts about 5% second phase male parent of production of hybrid seeds area when first phase male parent is unearthed burr-drill again, manually adopts the powder district, carries out artificial supplementary pollination.2. prepare No. 13 reciprocal cross kinds of Bi Dan: general male parent 216 will be divided the sowing of two phases, plants maternally earlier, and maternal two leaves are sowing first phase male parent wholeheartedly the time, and the first phase male parent is broadcast back 7 days and sowed the second stage of male parent in the ratio of production of hybrid seeds area 5%, as manually adopting the powder district.
6. in seedling stage, shooting stage, carry out three impurity eliminations before taking out male loose powder,, pull out the assorted strain, diseased plant, the weak plant that do not meet parent's characteristic feature characteristic, with the purity that guarantees the parent and the quality of crossbreed based on the impurity elimination in seedling stage; Maternal castration requires timely, whole, clean, thorough, does not stay disconnected, residual fringe, does not throw out tassel without care.The maternal castration time, be chosen in maternal tassel and extract top 1/3 out and do not carry out before the loose powder as yet, once a day.
7, artificial supplementary pollination: to the male parent row of the Sheng phase of blooming, gather pollen, perhaps hand-held waddy is stirred male parent gently, makes pollen increase diffusingsurface, carries out artificial supplementary pollination, generally o'clock carries out in every day 9～16.Or adopt the powder district in the male parent of the Sheng phase of blooming, o'clock manually gather pollen in every day 9～11, and in time to pollination and poor pollination female parent do not carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
8, results management:, suitably early receive when maternal fruit ear enters full ripening stage; Will receive male parent earlier, the back is received maternal.
The standard of parent and " No. 13, Bi Dan "
One, 216 inbred lines (introducing of the Guizhou province Bijie institute of agricultural sciences)
1, source: with white 94 choosings of China ink be 449, the ETO germplasm is that paternal hybrid gets a topcross kind, is that paternal hybrid gets basic material with the red bone in Luda (red 340) again, form through the inbreeding of more generation isolation and selection.
2, principal character characteristic: belong to late-maturing type, emerging in the Bijie Prefecture to maturation needs 150 days.Seedling leaf sheath aubergine, the leaf look dark green, limb lilac fine hair, become 200～230 centimetres of plant heights, 50 centimetres of fringe positions, 20～22 of total leaf numbers, the leaf broad, the filigree lilac red, pollen amount is medium, fruit ear tubular cob pink, long 17 centimetres of fruit ear, tassel row number 16-18 is capable, several 28～34 of row grain, grain white horse flute profile is about thousand kernel weight 300 grams.
216 inbred lines are identified naturally, high anti-ear rot, black sick, the leaf blight of silk fringe, middle sense helminthosporium maydis, banded sclerotial blight, rust.
Two, 86 inbred lines (introducing of Bijie Prefecture, the Guizhou institute of agricultural sciences)
1, source: (6,331 * 411,331 * C103) hybridization of 331 * wood obtain three single cross hybrid to 3 narrow sills setting up with 331 genetic backgrounds, all three single crosses again in same field piece, behind twice of the mixed pollination, form synthetic variety, and then through continuous 6 generation selfed breeding form.
2, principal character characteristic: late-maturing type in the genus, emerging to maturation needs 140 days, and happiness light happiness rich water is in Yunnan, Guizhou sowing mid-April, ripe by the end of September.The coordinate force height, resistant to lodging, 0.5 grade of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College, helminthosporium maydis, anti-head-smut, anti-snout moth's larva.Seedling leaf sheath aubergine, leaf green, the wide length of blade, upper punch.Become strain fringe inferior lobe longer, open and flat, the hemicompact of leaf upper punch is gathered on the fringe, and plant is more in great numbers, and cane is sturdy, well developed root system.240 centimetres of plant heights, 90 centimetres of fringe positions, stem thick 2.2 centimetres (diameters), 22 leaves of complete stool, 20～25 of tassel branches, the sterile lemma green, pollen amount is big, the filigree redness, bract is moderate.The long tubular of fruit ear, about 14～19 centimetres of spike length, fringe thick 4 centimetres (diameters), grain line number 14 row, cob white.Seed half horse flute profile, white.100-grain weight 28.5 grams.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention has realized the corn hybrid use of advantage by inbred line 216 and 86 hybridization, and it reaches " No. 5, Luo Dan " with present corn main breed " No. 4, the west of Guizhou Province " and compares mainly and have the following advantages to make corn hybrid seed " No. 13, Bi Dan ":
1, output height: 2007-2008 participates in Yunnan Wenshan Prefecture corn hybrid seed regional test: 2007 annual per mu yield 554.24kg, and contrast 8.97%, 8 point 5 of Xing Huangdan 892 volume increase and increase 3 and subtract, 5 points of volume increase more than 8% account for pilot several 62.5%; 2008 annual per mu yield 616kg contrast 21.76%, 8 point 7 of Xing Huangdan 892 volume increase and increase 1 and subtract, and 6 points of volume increase 8% or more account for several 75%, two year 16 point of pilot times 12 and increase 4 and subtract, and volume increase is counted and reached 87.5%, and the point that increases production more than 8% accounts for 68.75%.From provinces and regions examination and the production test in 2 years, the yield level that No. 13, Bi Dan was more than contrast and reaches extremely apparent chopsticks level.Assert (mountain of papers special examines) through Yunnan Province's variety of crops validation board in March, 2009.The accumulative total popularizing area reaches more than 30 ten thousand mu, welcome by the masses, and supply falls short of demand for hybrid seed.
2, how anti-: No. 13, Bi Dan, high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College pinta, the black disease of silk fringe, banded sclerotial blight, ear rot, corn borer, anti-bottom class disease, graywall.
3, No. 13 plant of high grade producing: Bi Dan are higher, and cane is sturdy, and is resistant to lodging, and fruit ear is thick, and yielding ability, yield stability are good, and product are of fine quality, and mouthfeel is good.
Bi Dan is more suitable for corn and wheat interplant for No. 13, can obtain higher yield.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a production of hybrid seeds quadrature schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a production of hybrid seeds reciprocal cross schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment: the cross-breeding technology and the culture technique of " No. 13, Bi Dan ".
One, the cross-breeding technology of " No. 13, Bi Dan "
1, choosing ground and isolated area setting: the plot of selecting medium above fertility, high yields irrespective of drought or water logging is as seed farm.Secure isolation zone, the breeding inbred line will be more than 500 meters; Hybrid seeding will be more than 300 meters.
2, proper seeding: should in time sow during when soil temperature is stable, sow in spring generally in April in area, south, the eastern regions of the Yunnan Province, sowing in the last ten-days period is advisable by 10 ℃.
3, rational close planting: calculate with mixed area, the every mu of female parent of keeping a full stand of seedings is 3200～3500 strains, and male parent is 600～700 strains.
4, suitable father and mother's one's own profession is than being advisable with 1: 5.
5, father and mother regulate this date of seeding: should decide on local condition for guaranteeing its wrong phase of this flower synchronization of father and mother.General male parent 86 will be divided the sowing of two phases, and first phase male parent when maternal 2 leaves, 1 heart can be broadcast 2/3 of male parent full dose, broadcasts second phase male parent when first phase male parent is unearthed burr-drill again.
6, impurity elimination is castrated: for guaranteeing the purity of crossbreed, carry out the secondary impurity elimination in seedling stage, shooting stage, before taking out male loose powder, based on the impurity elimination in seedling stage, in conjunction with final singling, female parent will stay the seedling uniformity, removes large and small seedling, sick seedling, bad seedling, the male parent impurity elimination should be pursued the strain inspection, keep seedlings and seedling,, guarantee that female parent fully is pollinated solid to prolong the loose powder phase of pollen with male parent feature.It is timely, whole, clean, thorough that castration is meant that maternal castration requires, and do not stay disconnected, residual fringe, do not throw out tassel without care, and the tassel of extraction is taken the plot unification out of and buried.Castrate selection of time and extract top 1/3 out and do not carry out before the loose powder as yet at maternal tassel, once a day, the upper and lower noon all can carry out, and wind and rain does not miss, until complete, thorough one-tenth go clean till.
7, artificial supplementary pollination: the pollination phase of blooming should strengthen checking, when finding the paternal pollen deficiency, influence female parent to be pollinated, can arrive the male parent row of the Sheng phase of blooming, and collection pollen carries out artificial supplementary pollination, generally o'clock carries out in every day 9～16.During female parent is weaved silk.
8, results management and threshing: refer to enter milking maturity latter stage when fruit ear, promptly results were carried out artificial snag in preceding 15～20 days and are stripped off the skin; Enter stage of wax ripeness, promptly results were rolled over handle in preceding 7～10 days and are cut off the water supply, in the field airing, when seed moisture content drops to 18～20%, can gather in the crops, airing, not rain.Will receive male parent earlier after the corn seed maturation, the back is received maternal.Want duty to turn over diligent fall during the seed airing, when adopting the tassel seed water content when reducing to 16～18%, can threshing.Drying plant is arranged, and seed moisture content can be loosened to 22～25%.
Two, " Bi Dan No. No. 13 " feature
1, source: by Yunnan gold fringe kind industry Co., Ltd and the used inbred line 216 of Bijie Prefecture's research of agricultural science is maternal, and inbred line 86 is that female parent, inbred line 216 are the corn first cross combination that male parent makes for male parent or with inbred line 86.
2, No. 13 crossbreed of feature: Bi Dan are about 131 days in the mountain of papers area breeding time.Than Xing Huangdan 892 late-maturing 2 days.Seedling leaf sheath lilac, leaf green, the seedling gesture is medium, the emergence rate height.271 centimetres of plant heights, 111 centimetres of fringe positions, blade is roomy, 19～21 on full leaf, 24.5 centimetres of spike lengths, thick 5 centimetres of fringe, grain line number 16～18 row.Cane is sturdy, resistant to lodging.The fruit ear cartridge type, cob white, grain white, horse flute profile, thousand kernel weight 375 grams, the seed rate of output 85%.The new combination that Yunnan Province's seed stations in 2002 will be participated in regional test is sent Institute of Plant Protection, academy of agricultural sciences, Sichuan Province to carry out the disease-resistant worm of artificial infection and is identified, qualification result is middle Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College pinta, banded sclerotial blight, short mosaic disease, anti-stem rot is gently felt helminthosporium maydis, head smut, the high-resistance corn snout moth's larva.Detect test center through Ministry of Agriculture's grain quality supervision its seed crude protein, crude fat, thick starch and lysine are carried out assay, gross protein value is 9.72%, crude fat content is 5.04%, slightly content of starch is 75.22%, and lysine content is 0.25%.
Three, " No. 13, Bi Dan " corn hybrid seed culture technique
A large spike crossbreed during Bi Dan belongs to for No. 13, in order to give full play to its yield potential, necessary breeding good method is supporting.As follows according to various places test, demonstration and its culture technique main points of establishing in large scale experience F for many years:
1, proper seeding improves seeding quality, guarantees that once seedling is saved in sowing from damage.
Select medium, excessively drained field plantation, whole ground is careful, reduces soil block, and earth backing is wanted depth unanimity.When soil temperature is stabilized in 100C, can sow, sow in spring generally on April in south area, the eastern regions of the Yunnan Province, sowing in the middle ten days is advisable.
2, planting density and plantation form
Planting density: 2500～3000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of general mu, as carry out plastic mulching can be closeer, mu 3000～3300 woodss of keeping a full stand of seedings.The plantation form: generally can plant only, also can carry out interplant, can take corn, wheat interplanting, its form has 2 (corns): the plantation form of 1～2 (wheat) all can obtain high yield.
3, fertilizing amount and fertilizer practice
No. 13 more anti-fertilizer of corn hybrid seed of Bi Dan, general mu is executed 3000～4000 kilograms of farmyard manures.Use urea, 5～10 kilograms every mu in seed manure, 15～20 kilograms every mu in ear manuer, 5～10 kilograms every mu in granulated fertilizer.
No. 13,4, suitable area: Bi Dan can be in Midwest, Guizhou, South Sichuan, Yunnan etc. the area plantation of sowing in spring.
Claims (10)
1. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of a corn variety Bi Dan, comprise the seed selection of parental inbred line, distance isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, suitable father and mother's one's own profession ratio, artificial impurity elimination is castrated, artificial supplementary pollination, date of seeding is regulated and the results control measures, it is characterized in that: with the inbred line 216 of Bijie Prefecture, the Guizhou institute of agricultural sciences is that female parent, inbred line 86 are male parent or are that female parent, inbred line 216 are quadrature kind and the reciprocal cross kind that male parent is mixed with No. 13, crossbreed Bi Dan with inbred line 86.
2. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: (1) inbred line 216 is to be 449 to be female parent with white 94 choosings of China ink, with the ETO germplasm is male parent, hybridization obtains a topcross kind, be female parent with this topcross kind again, Luda Hong Gudan 340 is a male parent, after hybridization obtains a basic material, continuously in 2 generations of selfing, selected excellent strain, again with white 94 choosings of China ink be 449 for male parent hybridize after again selfing 6 generation seed selection form; (2) inbred line 86 is to obtain three single cross hybrid after 3 narrow sills hybridization setting up with 331 genetic backgrounds, and three single cross hybrid are planted in same field piece, through the mixed pollination secondary, forms synthetic variety, and then through continuous 6 generation selfed breeding form.
3. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described 3 narrow sills setting up with 331 genetic backgrounds are 331 * wood 6,331 * 411 and 331 * C103.
4. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the breeding inbred line will be more than 500 meters when carrying out the distance isolation step; Hybrid seeding will be more than 300 meters.
5. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2 is characterized in that: proper seeding is should in time sow when soil temperature is stablized by 10 ℃.
6. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2 is characterized in that: calculate with mixed area during rational close planting, the every mu of female parent of keeping a full stand of seedings is 3200～3500 strains, and male parent is 600～700 strains.
7. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2 is characterized in that: suitable father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 4～5.
8. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: in regulating in date of seeding, when 1. preparing the quadrature kind, male parent 86 will be divided the sowing of two phases, when maternal 2 leaves, 1 heart, broadcast first phase male parent, broadcast 2/3 of male parent full dose, when first phase male parent is unearthed burr-drill, broadcast second phase male parent again; Or when maternal 2 leaves, 1 heart, broadcast first phase male parent, male parent row full dose is sowed, and broadcasts about 5% second phase male parent of production of hybrid seeds area when first phase male parent is unearthed burr-drill again, manually adopts the powder district, carries out artificial supplementary pollination; When 2. preparing the reciprocal cross kind, male parent 216 will be divided two phases sowings, plants maternally earlier, and maternal two leaves are sowing first phase male parent wholeheartedly the time, and the first phase male parent is broadcast back 7 days and sowed the second stage of male parent in the ratio of production of hybrid seeds area 5%, as manually adopting the powder district.
9. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2 is characterized in that: carry out three impurity eliminations in seedling stage, shooting stage, before taking out male loose powder, based on the impurity elimination in seedling stage, pull out the assorted woods, diseased plant, the weak plant that do not meet parent's characteristic feature characteristic; Female parent castrate is required in time, remove disconnected branch, residual fringe, castrate selection of time and extract top 1/3 out and do not carry out before the loose powder as yet, once a day at maternal tassel.
10. the method for No. 13 hybrid seedings of Bi Dan according to claim 2 is characterized in that: artificial supplementary pollination is gathered pollen to the male parent row of the Sheng phase of blooming, carries out artificial supplementary pollination and be in every day 9～16 o'clock carrying out.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103329797A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-02 | 湖北康农种业有限公司 | Production method for Kangnong maize 108 hybrid seeds |
| CN103782895A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-14 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Synthetic method of original colony for corn breeding for reciprocal recurrent selection |
| CN106069737A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-11-09 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of Semen Maydis |
| CN107347630A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-17 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | The selection of corn inbred line 99 751 |
| CN107372090A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-24 | 广西农业职业技术学院 | A kind of selection of high protein silage corn strain |
-
2010
- 2010-03-23 CN CN 201010129576 patent/CN101796920A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 《中国农村小康科技》 20070228 马贤森，等 玉米单交种毕单13号的高产制种技术 43，56 1 , 第2期 2 * |
| 《作物杂志》 20090831 罗仕文，等 优质高淀粉玉米品种毕单13号的选育及应用 119 1 , 第4期 2 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103329797A (en) * | 2013-07-19 | 2013-10-02 | 湖北康农种业有限公司 | Production method for Kangnong maize 108 hybrid seeds |
| CN103782895A (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2014-05-14 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Synthetic method of original colony for corn breeding for reciprocal recurrent selection |
| CN103782895B (en) * | 2014-02-11 | 2016-07-06 | 山东省农业科学院玉米研究所 | A kind of corn breeding synthetic method of initial population for Reciprocal recurrent selection |
| CN106069737A (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-11-09 | 合肥扬扬农业科技有限公司 | A kind of high-yield hybrid producing method for seed of Semen Maydis |
| CN107372090A (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-11-24 | 广西农业职业技术学院 | A kind of selection of high protein silage corn strain |
| CN107347630A (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2017-11-17 | 山西省农业科学院谷子研究所 | The selection of corn inbred line 99 751 |
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