CN114467742A - Breeding method of black-grain highland barley - Google Patents
Breeding method of black-grain highland barley Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
- A01H6/46—Gramineae or Poaceae, e.g. ryegrass, rice, wheat or maize
- A01H6/4624—Hordeum vulgarus [barley]
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of black grain highland barley, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding. The breeding method of the invention comprises the following steps: taking highland barley with short stems and black grains as a female parent and yellow grains as a male parent, and obtaining F0 generations by hybridization; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with short stalks and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing the BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black grain highland barley single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system for BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain highland barley stable strain with good quality and character, and performing strain identification test. The black grain highland barley bred by the method has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and the yield is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local dominant main cultivated variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a black grain highland barley breeding method.
Background
Barley is the oldest cereal crop in the world, widely distributed in six continents except antarctica, and naked barley is called highland barley in Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China. The highland barley is also called naked barley because the inner glume shell and the outer glume shell of the highland barley are separated, the naked barley is mainly distributed in high altitude areas such as Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan (Ganzui and Abao), Yunnan (Diqing), Gansu (Ganan, Tian Zhu Tibetan autonomous county, Shandan army horse yard) and the like in China, and the highland barley becomes local dominant characteristic crops due to the irreplaceability of the highland barley planted in the areas, not only is the main food of vast Tibetan people, but also is the main brewing raw material of local Tibetan and high-quality feed of livestock, and the living level of local rural people and herds is directly influenced by the yield. The highland barley is a grain with great nutrition and food therapy value, has the characteristics of high protein content, high cellulose content, high vitamin content, low fat and low sugar content, is rich in a plurality of effective components such as beta-glucan, arabinoxylan, phenolic substances, phytosterol and the like and a plurality of mineral elements beneficial to human health, and has very important significance for economic development and social stability of the Tibetan region along with the continuous increase of the highland barley processing industry.
The seeds of the highland barley are divided into black and yellow, generally, the black highland barley is more yellow than the yellow highland barley, the seeds contain higher content of protein, fiber and vitamin, and the nutrition is rich, so that the black highland barley food is very popular in the market in recent years, but the black highland barley varieties applied in production are generally too high in plant height, are not resistant to lodging and have lower yield.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the technical personnel in the field is how to provide a breeding method of black grain highland barley variety with high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a black grain highland barley breeding method, and the black grain highland barley obtained by breeding has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and is increased by more than 5% compared with the local dominant main cultivar.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a black grain highland barley breeding method comprises the following steps:
taking highland barley with short stalks and black grains as a female parent and highland barley with yellow grains as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain F0 generations; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with short stalks and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing the BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black grain highland barley single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system for BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain highland barley stable strain with good quality and character, and performing strain identification test.
Preferably, the female parent is reclamation number 5; the male parent is dark blue 148.
Preferably, the female parent and male parent hybridization and F1 generation backcrossing comprise: and (3) performing artificial hybridization to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing the seeds, and harvesting the hybrid seeds.
Preferably, BF2 generation is separated, and black grain highland barley single plant seeds are obtained by a single plant.
Preferably, the BF3-BF5 generation selects single plants of the previous generation to form plant rows by single broadcasting, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, black grain highland barley single plants are continuously selected from the single plants of the later generation from 80-90cm of plant height, more than or equal to 6cm of ear length, more than or equal to 50 grains of ear number, more than or equal to 2 tillering rates, more than or equal to 40g of thousand seed weight, compact plant types, good color change in the mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plants, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
Preferably, BF6 generation is selected by multi-generation selfing, stable strains with good agronomic shape, plant height of 80-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 50, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, thousand kernel weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, consistent uniformity, strong plant lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected for strain identification test.
More preferably, the strain identification test selects a strain with good comprehensive properties and 5% increase in yield compared with a control strain to perform strain comparison test and provincial region test.
More preferably, the control variety is a local main cultivar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a breeding method of black grain highland barley, the black grain highland barley obtained by breeding has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, wherein the 1647-7 strain obtained by breeding is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local dominant main cultivated variety.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a black grain highland barley breeding method, which comprises the following steps: taking highland barley with short stalks and black grains as a female parent and highland barley with yellow grains as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain F0 generations; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with short stalks and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing the BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black grain highland barley single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system for BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain highland barley stable strain with good quality and character, and performing strain identification test.
When a male parent and a female parent are preferably selected, high-quality highland barley germplasm resources are screened, the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources at home and abroad are collected, the agronomic characters and the economic characters of the highland barley germplasm resources are identified, wherein the agronomic characters and the economic characters comprise the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear number, the thousand seed weight, the plant type, the maturity color change, the uniformity, the plant lodging resistance and the disease resistance, and the short-stalk, multi-edge, black-grain highland barley female parent and multi-edge and yellow-grain male parent are screened. Further preferably, the female parent is sweet reclamation No. 5, and the male parent is Tibetan blue 148.
When the female parent and the male parent are optimally hybridized, the artificial hybridization assembly is carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when the seeds are mature, and the hybrid seeds are air-dried and stored to obtain the hybrid seeds; further preferably, when the female parent is castrated, each plant only needs 1 spike and more than 6 spikes.
After harvesting hybrid seeds F0 generation, planting seeds of F0 generation in the field, namely F1 generation.
Taking black grain highland barley as a female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; in the invention, when backcross is optimized, manual hybridization assembly is carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when being mature, and the hybrid seeds are air-dried and stored to be harvested; further preferably, when the female parent is castrated, each plant only needs 1 spike and more than 6 spikes.
After hybrid seeds are harvested for BF0 generations, seeds of F0 generations are planted in the field, namely BF1 generations.
The seeds of BF1 generation are planted in the field, namely BF2 generation, BF2 generation can generate a large amount of character separation, and the seeds are separated into black seed highland barley and yellow seed highland barley, when the highland barley is mature, a large amount of black seed single plants are selected, the single plants are marked, and the single plants are harvested, threshed and air-dried and stored.
As an implementable mode, when the black grain highland barley single plant is selected, other high-quality single plants are simultaneously subjected to selective marking, and the single plant is harvested, threshed and air-dried for storage, so that breeding of other high-quality varieties is facilitated.
The method preferably selects BF3-BF5 generations, unicasts the selected single plants of the previous generation to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, and the black grain highland barley single plants are continuously selected from the single plants of the later generation from the plant height of 80-90cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 50 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, the thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, the plant type is compact, the color change of the mature period is good, the uniformity is consistent, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the plants are realized, and the single plants are harvested, air-dried and stored. In the invention, during single plant selection, 2 rows of standard varieties are planted before and after the planted plant rows, and the standard varieties are male parent and female parent or local dominant varieties. As an implementation mode, the invention takes the local dominant variety-Ganqing No. 4 as a standard variety.
BF6 generations are preferably selected, and stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 80-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 50 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong plant lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected through multi-generation selfing selection to carry out strain identification tests.
The invention preferably selects the strain with good comprehensive character and increased yield by more than 5 percent compared with the control strain to carry out strain comparison test.
As an implementable mode, the strain identification test adopts a space ratio method arrangement, three times of planting are carried out, a control cell is added every 10 cells, the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell is 2.5m in length, 1.25m in width, 0.25m in row spacing, 0.25m in zone spacing, 0.5m in walkway and 3.125m in cell area2And in 5 rows of areas, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and increased yield by more than 5% are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months.
Preferred strain comparison tests of the invention include: planting in random block arrangement3 times, the length of the cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, 10 lines of regions, the line spacing is 0.25m, the region spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province.
The preferred provincial region test of the invention comprises the following steps: the method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is carried out for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, furrowing and broadcast sowing are carried out according to the local sowing period, and the yield is measured after the seeds are ripe.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Screening high-quality highland barley germplasm resources, collecting the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, identifying the agronomic characters and the economic characters of the highland barley germplasm resources, including the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear number, the head number, the thousand seed weight, the plant type, the color change in the maturing period, the uniformity, the plant lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the highland barley, and screening high-quality short stems, multiple edges, black grains, highland barley reclamation No. 5, yellow grains and multiple edges dark blue 148.
2. Taking sweet reclamation No. 5 as a female parent and dark blue 148 as a male parent, carrying out artificial hybridization and matching, wherein each plant only needs 1 spike and more than 6 spikes during castration to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the mature seeds, and carrying out air drying and storage to obtain the hybrid seeds, namely F0 generation.
3. Planting seeds of F0 generation in field to obtain F1 generation.
4. Backcrossing, cultivating No. 5 female parent in sweet, using (cultivating No. 5X Zangqing 148) hybrid F1 generation robust disease-free plant as male parent, manually hybridizing and matching, making 1 ear for each plant during castration, making more than 6 ears to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting when the seeds are mature, air drying and storing, and harvesting the hybrid seeds to be BF0 generation.
5. The seeds of BF0 generation are planted in the field, namely BF1 generation, and BF1 generation seeds are harvested when the seeds are mature, and are dried and stored.
6. The seeds of BF1 generation are planted in the field, namely BF2 generation, and BF2 generation is combined with front and rear 2 lines of various standard varieties. BF2 generation is separated into black seed highland barley and yellow seed highland barley in large quantities, when the highland barley is mature, a large quantity of black seed single plants are selected, marked, harvested, threshed and air-dried for storage.
7. BF3-BF5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each single plant, combining 2 rows for each standard variety before and after, selecting black seed single plant for the descendant single plant from plant height 80-90cm, ear length more than or equal to 6cm, ear number more than or equal to 50 grains, tillering rate more than or equal to 2, thousand seed weight more than or equal to 40g, compact plant type, good color change in mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plant, harvesting the single plant, air drying and storing.
8. BF6 generation, black seed highland barley is selected by multi-generation selfing, stable strains with good agronomic shape, plant height of 80-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 50, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected for strain identification test.
9. And selecting the strain with good comprehensive character and larger increase production amplitude compared with the reference to perform strain identification test.
Arranging by adopting a space ratio method, planting for three times, adding a control cell every 10 cells, wherein the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell length is 2.5m, the width is 1.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, the cell spacing is 0.25m, the walkway is 0.5m, and the cell area is 3.125m2And 5 rows of regions, sowing 250 seeds in each row, hoeing, ditching and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months, and selecting the strain with good comprehensive properties and increased by more than 5% compared with the reference strain to perform strain comparison tests.
10. And selecting strains with good comprehensive properties, stable properties and a larger increase in yield than the control in the strain comparison test, and participating in the strain comparison test.
The method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is carried out for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the yield of 1647-7 strains obtained by breeding is increased by 6.8 percent compared with the yield of No. 4 Ganqing.
11. Test of the general province
The method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is carried out for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and furrowing and broadcast sowing are carried out according to the local sowing period. Wherein, the yield of the 1647-7 strain obtained by breeding is increased by 4.8 percent compared with the yield of the contrast Ganqing No. 4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The breeding method of the black grain highland barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking highland barley with short stalks and black grains as a female parent and highland barley with yellow grains as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain F0 generations; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with short stems and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing F1 generations to obtain BF0 generations; selfing the BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black seed highland barley single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system in BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain highland barley stable strain with good quality character, and carrying out strain identification test.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the female parent is sweet reclamation number 5.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the male parent is dark blue 148.
4. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the female parent and male parent hybridization and F1 generation backcross comprise: and (3) manually hybridizing and matching to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing the seeds, and harvesting the hybrid seeds.
5. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the BF2 generation is subjected to character separation, and a single plant of black kernel Gourg highland barley is harvested.
6. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the BF3-BF5 generation is carried out, single plants are selected from the previous generation and are unicasted to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, black grain single plants are continuously selected from the progeny single plants with the plant height of 80-90cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, the ear number of more than or equal to 50 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2 plants, the thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plants, the single plants are harvested, and highland barley is air-dried and stored.
7. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein BF6 generations are subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, stable plant lines with good agronomic shape, plant height of 80-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 50 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant type, good color change in mature period, consistent uniformity, strong plant lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected, and a strain identification test is performed.
8. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that the strain identification test selects strains with good comprehensive characters and 5% increase in production compared with the reference strains to carry out strain comparison test and provincial test.
9. The breeding method according to claim 8, wherein the control variety is a local main cultivar.
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