CN111742836A - Breeding method of hooked mango barley - Google Patents
Breeding method of hooked mango barley Download PDFInfo
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- CN111742836A CN111742836A CN202010676052.6A CN202010676052A CN111742836A CN 111742836 A CN111742836 A CN 111742836A CN 202010676052 A CN202010676052 A CN 202010676052A CN 111742836 A CN111742836 A CN 111742836A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method of awn-hooked barley, which comprises the following steps: screening germplasm resources of the awn-hooked barley to obtain high-quality germplasm resources of the awn-hooked barley, namely, the double-edged awn-hooked naked barley and the golden highland barley, hybridizing the double-edged awn-hooked naked barley and the golden highland barley as male parents and the double-edged barley strain 9810 as female parents, harvesting seeds to obtain an F1 generation, hybridizing the stable high-quality barley strain 9406 as the female parent and an obtained F1 generation plant as a male parent by manual assembly, harvesting hybrid seeds to obtain a BF1 generation, selfing the BF1 generation to obtain a BF2 generation, selecting and marking single awn-hooked plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing; BF3-BF6 generation, sowing the selected individual plant, selecting the character of the offspring individual plant, continuously selecting the awn individual plant, harvesting the individual plant, threshing the individual plant, drying in the air and storing; and F7 generation, selfing the selected hooked awn barley to obtain a hooked awn line with stable characters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of barley breeding, in particular to a breeding method of miscanthus floridulus.
Background
China has become a world with large feed production countries and large consumption countries, but the feed resources in China are seriously deficient, and the dependence of feed raw materials on import is very large. 8800 ten thousand tons of soybeans, 310.7 ten thousand tons of corns and 138.4 ten thousand tons of alfalfa are imported in China in 2018. With the development of feed industry, the rigid demand of feed grains on corn, soybean and other grains will increase year by year.
Aiming at the current situation of shortage of feed resources, the document I of the center of 2019 refers to the rapid development of shortage and the production of green high-quality agricultural products, the agriculture is promoted to be shifted from yield increase direction to quality improvement direction, the production of high-quality forage grass is developed, the breeding and the popularization of high-quality grass seeds are accelerated, and the integration, innovation, popularization and application of advanced practical technology are accelerated. Six major characteristic industries, namely cattle, sheep, vegetables, fruits, potatoes and medicines, are proposed to be vigorously developed in the Gansu province in 2018, and gobi agriculture and 'food-to-feed' are both provided with high-quality forage grass as one of development targets. Therefore, in order to alleviate the situation of feed shortage, the development of feed resources such as barley, wheat, oat, rye and the like instead of corn, soybean and alfalfa is urgently needed to alleviate the supply-demand contradiction of the feed market.
When the barley is used as a feed resource, the barley is generally required to be ensiled, but after the barley is ensiled, the barley has poor palatability, is easy to reduce the appetite of animals, and has high hardness and is difficult to digest; the barley with mangoes has good palatability, is easy to digest and can be used as a high-quality feed resource; however, the introduction of the method for breeding the bearded awn barley is obvious at present, and the application of the barley as a feed resource is limited to a certain extent.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a breeding method of the bearded awn barley.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a breeding method of the bearded mango barley, which breeds a new bearded mango barley variety with excellent quality by hybridization and improves thousand seed weight and stress resistance of the barley.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a breeding method of awn-hooked barley comprises the following steps:
1) screening the germ plasm resources of the awn-hooked barley to obtain high-quality awn-hooked barley germ plasm resources of double-edge awn-hooked naked barley and Shang highland barley;
2) hybridizing the rhynchophorus floridulus nudus and the highland barley as male parents and the rhynchophorus floridulus strain 9810 as female parents, and harvesting seeds to obtain F1 generation;
3) taking a stable and high-quality barley strain 9406 as a female parent and taking the F1 generation plant obtained in the step 2) as a male parent, and manually hybridizing and matching to obtain hybrid seeds, namely BF1 generation;
4) selfing BF1 generations to obtain BF2 generations, selecting and marking single plant of Gongma, harvesting the single plant, threshing the single plant, drying in air and storing;
5) BF3-BF6 generation, sowing the selected single plant, continuously selecting single plant of Japanese bearded mango, harvesting the single plant, threshing the single plant, drying in the air and storing;
6) and F7 generation, selfing the selected hooked awn barley to obtain a hooked awn line with stable characters.
Wherein, the hybrid and Shang highland barley is a variety of farmhouse in Gansu province, and 9810 is a material for breeding high-generation stable strains in the farmhouse in Gansu province. The barley bearded mango character is controlled by a single gene, the bearded mango is dominant to long mango, the F1 generation of the hybrid of the long mango barley and the bearded mango barley shows bearded mango, and the long mango and the bearded mango are separated in the later generation; the barley line 9406 is a stable line material bred by the agricultural academy of Gansu province and has the characteristics of high yield and excellent properties, so that the F1 generation is hybridized with the stable line material, the BF1 generation has excellent genes of the barley line 9406, and a foundation is provided for breeding excellent properties of descendants; the method comprises the steps of selfing BF1 generation barley, separating characters of BF2 generation barley into long mango barley and hooked mango barley, and then selfing hooked mango barley, so that stable genetic hooked mango barley can be conveniently bred, and the selfing is carried out to F7 generation because indexes such as ear grain number, thousand grain weight, growth period and the like are screened in addition to screening of hooked mango characters, so that screening of various characters is completed by twice hybridization and six times of selfing, the time is saved, and the screening efficiency is improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the present invention, in the step 1), the screening of the miscanthus floridulus germplasm resources comprises screening of barley growth period, plant height, ear length, ear number, thousand seed weight, plant type, maturity color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance.
The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the growth period of the barley determines the growth speed of the barley, the plant height determines the lodging resistance of the barley, and the ear length, the grain number per ear, the grain number per thousand and the like determine the yield of the barley, so that the excellent characters can be comprehensively screened by identifying the factors to obtain plants with excellent characters.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1), the screening of the miscanthus floridulus germplasm resources is to screen miscanthus floridulus which has a growth period of 95-105 days, a plant height of 80-90cm, an ear length of 8-11cm, an ear particle number of not less than 25, a finished ear number of more than 3/plant, a thousand particle weight of not less than 45g, compact plant type, good mature-period color conversion, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2) and the step 3), the female parent is castrated before hybridization, and each plant is castrated only for one ear during castration.
As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 6), the strain with stable properties is a stable strain with good beard, the plant height is 80-90cm, the ear length is 8-11cm, the number of particles of the ear is not less than 25, the tillering rate is 2.2-2.7, the thousand-particle weight is not less than 45g, the strain is compact in size, the color change in the mature period is good, the uniformity is high, the lodging resistance is strong, and the disease resistance is strong.
According to the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. according to the breeding method, high-quality parents are accurately selected according to the breeding target, a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved, and the variety breeding efficiency is improved; the bred variety is the hooked awn barley which is suitable for being used as a feed resource;
2. according to the breeding target, the invention selects excellent individual plants, and repeatedly selects individual plants for many years, so that the stability of characters is accelerated, and the bred variety becomes a new variety with high quality and high yield.
3. According to the breeding target, the hybrid progeny is subjected to repeated continuous single plant selection for many years from plant height, ear length, ear grain number, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, and a new variety capable of being directly applied is determined;
4. the long-two-edge mango barley and the double-edge hooked mango barley are adopted for multiple crossing, and filial generations are stable and fast and are easy to select.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A breeding method of awn-hooked barley comprises the following steps:
1) performing field identification on agricultural characters and economic characters of the awn hooking barley seed resources at home and abroad, including growth period, plant height, ear length, ear grain number, ear number, thousand grain weight, plant type, color change at the mature period, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, and screening the bare awn hooking barley and the golden highland barley;
2) using a high-quality stable Erlenmeyer barley strain 9810 (long mango) as a female parent, using the Erlenmeyer crocodile naked barley and the Shang highland barley as male parents, manually hybridizing and matching, castrating the female parent before hybridization, selecting 6 plants, castrating only one spike of each plant to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting when seeds are mature, air-drying and storing, wherein the harvested hybrid seeds are F1 generation;
3) using stable high-quality barley line 9406 as female parent and using (9810X Heshang highland barley) hybrid plant F1 generation as male parent, manually hybridizing to obtain enough hybrid seeds, making 1 ear and more than 6 ears for each plant when castration is performed, uniformly mixing and harvesting seeds when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing, and obtaining the hybrid seeds, i.e. BF1 generation
3) Planting BF1 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF1 generation plants, carrying out selfing on BF1 generation, harvesting BF2 generation seeds when the seeds are mature, and carrying out air drying and storage;
4) the seeds of BF2 generation are planted in the field, namely BF2 generation plants, and BF2 generation is combined with 2 rows of various standard varieties. Separating a great amount of characters in BF2 generation into hooked mango barley and long mango barley, selecting hooked mango single plants for selfing, obtaining BF3 generation seeds after maturation, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and storing in an air drying way;
5) BF3-BF6 generation, 2 lines of each plant are sowed, and 2 lines of various standard varieties before and after combination. Continuously selecting single plant of Gongmi from plant height, ear length, ear grain number, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the single plant, and air-drying and storing;
6) BF7 generation, through many generations of selfing selection, choose the good, colluding the mango of agricultural shape, plant height 80-90cm, ear length 8-11cm, ear particle number ≧ 25, tillering rate 2.2-2.7, thousand particle weight ≧ 45g, the plant type is compact, mature period turns color good, the regularity is high, lodging resistance is strong and disease resistance strong stable strain;
7) selecting strains with good comprehensive properties and larger comparison yield increase amplitude to perform strain identification tests;
arranging by adopting a comparison method, planting for three times, adding a comparison cell every 10 cells, wherein the comparison variety is sweet beer No. 4, the cell is 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, 0.25m of row spacing, 0.25m of zone spacing, 0.5m of walkway and 3.125m2 of cell area, 5 rows of regions are sowed, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and a strain with good comprehensive properties and larger production increase amplitude is selected for comparison and comparison test by manually hoeing, ditching and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months; the result shows that the yield of the bred variety is increased by 7.8 percent compared with the average reference of the test, and the bred variety has the first grade of the test strain.
8) Selecting strains with good comprehensive properties, stable properties and larger increase in yield than the control in the strain comparison test, and participating in the strain comparison test;
random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, 10 rows of regions are arranged, the row spacing is 0.25m, the region spacing is 0.25m, the area is 12.5m2, the seeding amount is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains/mu, 500 grains are sowed in each row, and the sowing is carried out by hand hoeing, ditching and broadcasting at 18 days in 3 months; the result shows that the yield of the bred variety is increased by 5.7 percent compared with the average reference of the test, and the bred variety has the first grade of the test strain.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (5)
1. A breeding method of awn-hooked barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) screening the germ plasm resources of the awn-hooked barley to obtain high-quality awn-hooked barley germ plasm resources of double-edge awn-hooked naked barley and Shang highland barley;
2) hybridizing the rhynchophorus floridulus nudus and the highland barley as male parents and the rhynchophorus floridulus strain 9810 as female parents, and harvesting seeds to obtain F1 generation;
3) using stable and high-quality barley line 9406 as a female parent and using F1 generation plants obtained in the step 2) as a male parent, and artificially hybridizing and matching to obtain hybrid seeds, namely BF1 generation
4) Selfing BF1 generations to obtain BF2 generations, selecting and marking single plant of Gongma, harvesting the single plant, threshing the single plant, drying in air and storing;
5) BF3-BF6 generation, sowing the selected individual plant, selecting the character of the offspring individual plant, continuously selecting the awn individual plant, harvesting the individual plant, threshing the individual plant, drying in the air and storing;
6) and F7 generation, selfing the selected hooked awn barley to obtain a hooked awn line with stable characters.
2. The breeding method of bearded barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the selected factors include: barley growth period, plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, ear number, thousand grain weight, plant type, color change in the mature period, uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plant.
3. The breeding method of the bearded mango barley according to claim 2, wherein in the step 1), the screening of germplasm resources of the bearded mango barley is to screen the bearded mango barley with a growth period of 95-105 days, a plant height of 80-90cm, an ear length of 8-11cm, an ear particle number of not less than 25, an ear number of more than 3/plant, a thousand particle weight of not less than 45g, compact plant type, good color conversion in a ripening period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.
4. The method for breeding bearded mango barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2) and step 3), the female parent is castrated before crossing, and each plant is castrated for only one ear.
5. The breeding method of bearded mango barley according to claim 1, wherein in step 6), the strain with stable properties is a stable strain with bearded mango, a plant height of 80-90cm, a spike length of 8-11cm, a spike particle number of not less than 25, a tillering rate of 2.2-2.7, a thousand particle weight of not less than 45g, a compact strain shape, good color change during a mature period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN114303953A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-12 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | High-efficiency breeding method of high-yield highland barley |
| CN114431139A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-06 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of multi-mango black barley |
| CN114467742A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-13 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of black-grain highland barley |
| CN114557275A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-31 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of black-grain and mango-grass combined highland barley |
| CN115669533A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-02-03 | 潘捷文 | Breeding method for new green wheat variety |
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| CN114303953A (en) * | 2022-01-06 | 2022-04-12 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | High-efficiency breeding method of high-yield highland barley |
| CN114431139A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-06 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of multi-mango black barley |
| CN114467742A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-13 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of black-grain highland barley |
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| CN114431139B (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-11-01 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of multi-mango black barley |
| CN115669533A (en) * | 2022-11-10 | 2023-02-03 | 潘捷文 | Breeding method for new green wheat variety |
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