CN114557275A - Breeding method of black-grain and mango-grass combined highland barley - Google Patents
Breeding method of black-grain and mango-grass combined highland barley Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding. The invention takes highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent, and F0 generations are obtained by hybridization; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing BF0 to obtain BF 1; BF1 generation selfing to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black rhynchophorus floridulus nudus single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system by BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain awn highland barley stable strain with good quality, and performing strain identification test, strain comparison test and whole province regional test. The black-grain awn-colluding highland barley bred by the method has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and the yield is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local dominant main cultivated variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a black grain and mango grass dual-purpose highland barley breeding method.
Background
Barley is the oldest cereal crop in the world, widely distributed in six continents except antarctica, and naked barley is called highland barley in Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China. The highland barley is also called naked barley because the inner glume shell and the outer glume shell of the highland barley are separated, the naked barley is mainly distributed in high altitude areas such as Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan (Ganzui and Abao), Yunnan (Diqing), Gansu (Ganan, Tian Zhu Tibetan autonomous county, Shandan army horse yard) and the like in China, and the highland barley becomes local dominant characteristic crops due to the irreplaceability of the highland barley planted in the areas, not only is the main food of vast Tibetan people, but also is the main brewing raw material of local Tibetan and high-quality feed of livestock, and the living level of local rural people and herds is directly influenced by the yield. The highland barley is a grain with great nutrition and food therapy value, has the characteristics of high protein content, high cellulose content, high vitamin content, low fat and low sugar content, is rich in a plurality of effective components such as beta-glucan, arabinoxylan, phenolic substances, phytosterol and the like and a plurality of mineral elements beneficial to human health, and has very important significance for economic development and social stability of the Tibetan region along with the continuous increase of the highland barley processing industry.
The seeds of the highland barley are divided into black and yellow, and under the normal condition, the black highland barley is more yellow than the yellow highland barley, the seeds contain higher content of protein, fiber and vitamin, and the nutrition is rich, so that black highland barley food is very popular in the market in recent years, and meanwhile, the highland barley is a high-quality feed resource and is usually ensiled, but the highland barley with long awns has poor palatability after ensiling, the appetite of animals is easily reduced, and the awns of the highland barley with long awns have higher hardness and are difficult to digest; the highland barley with mangoes has good palatability and easy digestion, and can be used as a high-quality feed resource. However, the black highland barley varieties applied in the current production generally have too high plant height, are not resistant to lodging and have lower yield; the introduction of the method for breeding the black Gongmange highland barley is obvious, and the application of the black highland barley is limited to a certain extent.
Therefore, the problem that the technical personnel in the field need to solve urgently is how to provide a breeding method of black-grain awn-hooked highland barley.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a breeding method of black grain and mango grass dual-purpose highland barley, and the black grain and mango highland barley obtained by breeding has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and the yield is increased by more than 5% compared with a local dominant main cultivated variety.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley comprises the following steps:
taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent, and hybridizing to obtain F0 generation; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing the BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; BF1 generation selfing to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black rhynchophorus floridulus nudus single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system in BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain awn highland barley stable strain with good quality character, and carrying out strain identification test.
Preferably, the female parent is reclamation number 5; the male parent is ZDM 8082.
Preferably, the female parent and male parent hybridization and F1 generation backcrossing comprise: and (3) performing artificial hybridization to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing the seeds, and harvesting the hybrid seeds.
Preferably, BF2 is to be subjected to germination shape separation, and black grains of the single plant are harvested to obtain the single plant seeds of the Ting mango highland barley.
Preferably, the BF3-BF5 generation selects single plants in the previous generation to form plant rows by single broadcasting, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, black grain aweto single plants are continuously selected from the progeny single plants with the plant height of 80-95cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 45 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, the thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 35g, the plant type is compact, the color change at the mature period is good, the uniformity is consistent, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance are realized, the single plants are harvested, and the single plants are air-dried and stored.
Preferably, BF6 generations are subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 80-95cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected, and the strain identification test is carried out.
More preferably, the strain identification test selects a strain with good comprehensive properties and 5% increase in yield compared with a control strain to perform strain comparison test and provincial region test.
More preferably, the control variety is a local main cultivar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a breeding method of black grain and awn grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley, the black grain and awn highland barley obtained by breeding has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, wherein 1747-8 lines obtained by breeding increase more than 5% compared with local dominant main cultivated varieties.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley, which comprises the following steps: taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent, and hybridizing to obtain F0 generation; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing the BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; BF1 generation selfing to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black rhynchophorus floridulus nudus single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system in BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain awn highland barley stable strain with good quality character, and carrying out strain identification test.
When a male parent and a female parent are preferably selected, high-quality highland barley germplasm resources are screened, the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources at home and abroad are collected, agronomic characters and economic characters of the highland barley germplasm resources are identified, wherein the agronomic characters and the economic characters comprise growth period, plant height, spike length, spike grain number, spike number, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, and high-quality short-stalk, multi-edge, black-seed grain long mango female parent and hooked mango and multi-edge male parent are screened. Further preferably, the female parent is sweet reclamation No. 5, and the male parent is ZDM 8082.
When the female parent and the male parent are optimally hybridized, the artificial hybridization assembly is carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when the seeds are mature, and the hybrid seeds are air-dried and stored to obtain the hybrid seeds; when the female parent is castrated, each plant only needs 1 ear and more than 6 ears.
After harvesting hybrid seeds F0 generation, planting seeds of F0 generation in the field, namely F1 generation.
Taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing F1 generations to obtain BF0 generations; in the invention, when backcross is optimized, artificial hybridization and assembly are carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, and when the seeds are mature, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested, air-dried and stored, and the hybrid seeds are harvested; further preferably, when the female parent is castrated, each plant only needs 1 spike and more than 6 spikes.
After hybrid seeds are harvested for BF0 generations, seeds of F0 generations are planted in the field, namely BF1 generations.
The method comprises the steps of planting BF1 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF2 generation seeds, carrying out mass character separation on BF2 generation seeds to obtain long-mango highland barley and hooked-mango highland barley, carrying out black-seed highland barley and yellow-seed highland barley, selecting a large number of black-seed hooked-mango highland barley single plants when the highland barley is mature, marking the single plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air drying and storing the single plants.
As an implementable mode, when the black grain awn highland barley single plant is selected, other high-quality single plants are simultaneously subjected to selective marking, and the single plant is harvested, threshed and air-dried for storage, so that breeding of other high-quality varieties is facilitated.
The invention preferably selects BF3-BF5 generation, selects single plants of the previous generation to unicast to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, continuously selects black grain awn highland barley single plants from 80-95cm of plant height, more than or equal to 6cm of ear length, more than or equal to 45 grains of ear number, more than or equal to 2.0 tillering rate, more than or equal to 35g of thousand grain weight, compact plant type, good color change in mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvests the single plants, dries and stores. In the invention, during single plant selection, 2 rows of standard varieties are planted before and after the planted plant rows, and the standard varieties are male parent and female parent or local dominant varieties. As an implementation mode, the invention takes the local dominant variety-Ganqing No. 4 as a standard variety.
BF6 generations are preferably selected, and stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 80-95cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected through multi-generation selfing selection to carry out strain identification tests.
The invention preferably selects the strain with good comprehensive character and more than 5% increase in production compared with the reference strain to carry out strain comparison test; it is further preferable to use the alignment test by the cross-correlation method.
As an implementable mode, the strain identification test adopts a space ratio method arrangement, three times of planting are carried out, a control cell is added every 10 cells, the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell is 2.5m in length, 1.25m in width, 0.25m in row spacing, 0.25m in zone spacing, 0.5m in walkway and 3.125m in cell area2And in 5 rows of areas, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and increased yield by more than 5% are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months.
Preferred strain comparison tests of the invention include: the method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is carried out for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province.
The preferred provincial region test of the invention comprises the following steps: the method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is carried out for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The sowing quantity is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sown in each row, ditching and broadcasting are carried out according to the local sowing period, and the seeds are harvested and tested for yield.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Screening high-quality highland barley germplasm resources, collecting the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, identifying the agronomic characters and the economic characters of the highland barley germplasm resources, including the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear grain number, the ear number, the thousand grain weight, the plant type, the color change in the maturing period, the uniformity, the plant lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the highland barley, and screening high-quality short stems, multiple edges, black grains, the long awn highland barley sweet land No. 5, the hooked awn and multiple edges ZDM 8082.
2. Taking sweet reclamation No. 5 as a female parent and ZDM8082 as a male parent, carrying out artificial hybridization and matching, wherein each plant only carries 1 spike and more than 6 spikes during castration to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, and carrying out air drying and preservation to obtain the hybrid seeds, namely F0 generation.
3. Planting seeds of F0 generation in field to obtain F1 generation.
4. Backcrossing, cultivating No. 5 female parent in sweet, using (cultivating No. 5X ZDM8082) hybrid F1 generation robust disease-free plant as male parent, manually hybridizing, making 1 ear for each plant during castration, making more than 6 ears to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting when the seeds are mature, air drying and storing, and harvesting the hybrid seeds which are BF0 generation.
5. The seeds of BF0 generation are planted in the field, namely BF1 generation, and BF1 generation seeds are harvested when the seeds are mature, and are dried and stored.
6. The seeds of BF1 generation are planted in the field, namely BF2 generation, and BF2 generation is combined with front and rear 2 lines of various standard varieties. BF2 generation is separated into long mango highland barley and hooked mango highland barley, black seed highland barley and yellow seed highland barley, when the highland barley is mature, a large amount of black seed hooked mango single plants are selected, the single plants are marked, harvested, threshed and air-dried for storage.
7. BF3-BF5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each single plant, combining 2 rows for each standard variety before and after, continuously selecting black seed awn single plants from the plant height of 80-95cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 45 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, the thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant type, good color change in the mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance for the single plants of the descendants, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing.
8. BF6 generation, black seed awn highland barley through many generations of selfing selection, choose the good shape of agricultural technology, height of the plant 80cm-95cm, ear of grain length greater than or equal to 6cm, ear of grain number greater than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate greater than or equal to 2.0, thousand seed weight greater than or equal to 35g, plant type compactness, good color change of ripe period, uniformity, strong lodging resistance, strong disease resistance, carry on the line identification test.
9. And selecting the strain with good comprehensive character and larger increase production amplitude compared with the reference to perform strain identification test.
Arranging by adopting a space ratio method, planting for three times, adding a control cell every 10 cells, wherein the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell length is 2.5m, the width is 1.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, the cell spacing is 0.25m, the walkway is 0.5m, and the cell area is 3.125m2And in 5 rows of areas, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and increased yield by more than 5% are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months.
10. And selecting strains with good comprehensive properties, stable properties and a larger increase in yield than the control in the strain comparison test, and participating in the strain comparison test.
The method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is carried out for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province. Wherein, compared with the contrast Ganqing No. 4, the yield of the 1747-8 strain obtained by breeding is increased by 12.9 percent.
11. Test of the general province
The method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is carried out for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and furrowing and broadcast sowing are carried out according to the local sowing period. Wherein, the yield of the 1747-8 strain obtained by breeding is increased by 5.7 percent compared with the yield of the contrast Ganqing No. 4 strain.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent, and hybridizing to obtain F0 generation; selfing the F0 generation to obtain F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing F1 generations to obtain BF0 generations; selfing the BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black crocus sativus highland barley single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system for BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain awn highland barley stable strain with good quality and character, and performing strain identification test.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the female parent is sweet reclamation number 5.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the male parent is ZDM 8082.
4. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the female parent and male parent hybridization and F1 generation backcross comprise: and (3) performing artificial hybridization to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing the seeds, and harvesting the hybrid seeds.
5. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the BF2 generation is subjected to trait separation, and black grain Hoodia hispida highland barley single plant seeds are harvested from a single plant.
6. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein BF3-BF5 generation, single plants are selected from the previous generation and are unicasted to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, black kernel bearded barley single plants are continuously selected from the progeny single plants with the plant height of 80-95cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, the ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0 grains, the thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant types, good color turning at the mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance, the single plants are harvested, and the single plants are air-dried and stored.
7. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein stable lines with good agronomic characteristics, plant height of 80-95cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected for BF6 generations through multi-generation selfing selection, and the line identification test is performed.
8. The breeding method according to claim 7, wherein the strain identification test selects strains with good comprehensive properties and 5% increased production compared with the control strains to perform strain comparison test and whole provincial region test.
9. The breeding method according to claim 8, wherein the control variety is a local main cultivar.
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