CN111742837B

CN111742837B - Breeding method of Guanghong barley

Info

Publication number: CN111742837B
Application number: CN202010676490.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 包奇军; 潘永东; 张华瑜; 柳小宁; 赵锋
Original assignee: Institute Of Economic Crops And Beer Material In Gansu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute Gansu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Institute Of Economic Crops And Beer Material In Gansu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute Gansu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-07-14
Filing date: 2020-07-14
Publication date: 2022-05-17
Anticipated expiration: 2040-07-14
Also published as: CN111742837A

Abstract

The invention discloses a breeding method of Guanghuang barley, which comprises the following steps: screening the germ plasm resources of the lucent barley to obtain high-quality germ plasm resources of the lucent barley, hybridizing the germ plasm resources of the lucent barley with the germ plasm resources of the lucent barley as a male parent and Favaviet as a female parent, harvesting seeds to obtain F1 generations, selfing the F1 generations to obtain F2 generations, and so on, selecting strains with stable lucent and characters in the F7 generations to obtain the lucent barley. The invention breeds a new Guangmeng barley variety with excellent quality by hybridization, and improves the yield and the stress resistance of the barley.

Description

Breeding method of Guanghong barley

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of barley breeding, in particular to a breeding method of Guanghong barley.

Background

China has become a world with large feed production countries and large consumption countries, but the feed resources in China are seriously deficient, and the dependence of feed raw materials on import is very large. 8800 million tons of soybeans, 310.7 million tons of corns and 138.4 million tons of alfalfa are imported in China in 2018. With the development of feed industry, the rigid demand of feed grains on corn, soybean and other grains will increase year by year.

Aiming at the current situation of shortage of feed resources, the document I of the center of 2019 refers to the rapid development of shortage and the production of green high-quality agricultural products, the agriculture is promoted to be shifted from yield increase direction to quality improvement direction, the production of high-quality forage grass is developed, the breeding and the popularization of high-quality grass seeds are accelerated, and the integration, innovation, popularization and application of advanced practical technology are accelerated. Six major characteristic industries, namely cattle, sheep, vegetables, fruits, potatoes and medicines, are proposed to be vigorously developed in the Gansu province in 2018, and gobi agriculture and 'food-to-feed' are both provided with high-quality forage grass as one of development targets. Therefore, in order to relieve the situation of feed shortage, the development of feed resources such as barley, wheat, oat, rye and the like instead of corn, soybean and alfalfa is urgently needed to relieve the supply and demand contradiction of the feed market, at present, barley silage is mainly used as a method for producing feed, but after silage, the palatability of the miscanthus sinensis is poor, the application of the barley is limited, and after silage, the palatability of the miscanthus sinensis is good, and the appetite of livestock can be improved to a certain extent.

Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a breeding method of the lucent barley which can be used as a feed resource.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a breeding method of the lucent barley, which breeds a new product of the lucent barley with excellent quality by hybridization and improves the thousand grain weight and stress resistance of the barley.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for breeding Guanghong barley comprises the following steps:

1) screening the germ plasm resources of the lucent barley to obtain high-quality germ plasm resources Ji 53 of the lucent barley;

2) hybridizing by taking Ji 53 as a male parent and Favaviet as a female parent, and harvesting seeds to obtain F1 generation;

3) selfing the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation, selecting plants of the Miscanthus sinensis and the Miscanthus sinensis to self-cross respectively to obtain F3 generation seeds, and planting the F3 generation seeds to obtain F3 generation plants;

4) selecting F3 generation of Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sinensis excellent single plants in F3 generation and F4 generation, sowing 2 rows of each single plant, continuously separating Miscanthus sinensis partial materials, obtaining F4 generation seeds when barley is ripe, then sowing F4 generation seeds to obtain F4 generation plants, and continuously performing single plant mass selection;

5) F5-F6 generation, the same as the screening process of F3-F4 generation;

6) and in the F7 generation, selecting a line with excellent and stable sunshine and character to obtain a sunshine barley line with stable agronomic character.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the awn is thornless on the awn, the odontosterus is thornless on the awn, the Favavette is odontosterus barley, the European spring double-edged beer barley is introduced from Hungary in 1984 by the Ministry of agricultural sciences in Gansu, and the awn beer has the characteristics of high yield, disease resistance, lodging resistance, strong adaptability, good quality and excellent agronomic characters after tests and demonstration; the Ji53 barley is the Guangmeng barley, which is given by Jilin province academy of agricultural sciences, the growth period is short, and the thousand-grain weight meets the requirement of high yield; the two have the difference of the wheat and the awn almost, the difference of other characters is small, and the combination degree of Favavet and Ji 53 is high, so that the two are used as a female parent and a male parent for hybridization, the obtained filial generation can simultaneously have the excellent genotypes of the two, the character separation degree generated by the subsequent generation is small, and the excellent character which can be stably inherited can be conveniently obtained.

Moreover, because the awn property is a quality character and the awn is dominant to the sunshine, the awn is completely bred in the F1 generation, the F1 generation is selfed, the F2 generation has character separation, then the awn and the sunshine character are selfed continuously, and other excellent characters (selected from plant height, ear length, ear grain number, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance, disease resistance and the like, and the selection standard is the same as the standard in the step 6) are continuously selected while the sunshine character is selected), so that the time is saved compared with the existing selection technology.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1), the screening factor of the germ plasm resource of the lucent barley comprises: barley growth period, plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, ear number, thousand grain weight, plant type, color change in the mature period, uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plant.

The technical effect achieved by the technical scheme is as follows: the growth period of the barley determines the growth speed of the barley, the plant height determines the lodging resistance of the barley, and the ear length, the grain number per ear, the grain number per thousand and the like determine the yield of the barley, so that the excellent characters can be comprehensively screened by identifying the factors to obtain plants with excellent characters.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 1), the screening of the germplasm resource of the glabrous barley is to screen the glabrous barley with a growth period of 95-105 days, a plant height of 80-85cm, an ear length of 8-10cm, an ear particle number of not less than 25, an ear formation number of not less than 3 per plant, a thousand particle weight of not less than 45g, compact plant type, good color conversion during a maturation period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance of the plant and strong disease resistance.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, in the step 2), the female parent is castrated before hybridization, only one ear is castrated for each plant during castration, and other ears are bagged.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, in the steps 3) -5), when the barley of F2-F6 generation is mature, single plants are harvested, threshed and stored.

As a preferable technical scheme, in the step 6), the strain with excellent and stable properties is a stable strain with high brightness, the plant height of 80-85cm, the ear length of 8-10cm, the number of particles of the ear of ≧ 25, the tillering rate of 2.2-2.7, the thousand-particle weight of ≧ 45g, compact strain type, good color change during the mature period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.

According to the technical scheme, the high-yield and lodging-resistant Favaviet is selected as the female parent, and the Ji 53 with short growth period and moderate plant height is used as the male parent for hybridization, so that the filial generation can be fused with the excellent gene of the parent, and the quality of the barley after breeding is improved;

in addition, according to the breeding target, the excellent individual plant is selected, repeated individual plant selection for many years is carried out, the stability of the character is accelerated, in general, when a new variety of barley is bred, a plurality of pairs of parent combinations are needed, then breeding progeny with the best character are screened one by one, the time consumption is long, the cost is high, and the excellent barley variety can be bred only by selecting one pair of parent combinations, so that a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved and the breeding efficiency of the excellent variety is improved compared with the prior art.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a figure showing the characteristics of the glabrous barley and the odontobrama barley, wherein the left figure is the glabrous barley and the right figure is the odontobrama barley.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

A method for breeding Guanghong barley comprises the following steps:

1) screening the agronomic characters and economic characters of the Guanghong barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, wherein the screening standard is as follows: the growth period is 95-105 days, the plant height is 80-85cm, the ear length is 8-10cm, the number of particles of the ear is not less than 25, the number of formed ears is not less than 3 per plant, the thousand particle weight is not less than 45g, the plant type is compact, the color change in the mature period is good, the uniformity is high, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the plant are strong, and the quality of the quality barley germplasm resource Ji 53 is obtained;

2) taking high-quality barley method watt witt as a female parent and Miscanthus sinensis germplasm resource Ji53 as a male parent, manually hybridizing and matching, castrating the female parent before hybridization, selecting 6 plants, castrating only one ear of each plant to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the mature seeds, and performing air drying and preservation to obtain the hybrid seeds which are F1 generations;

3) planting the seeds of the F1 generation into the field, namely F1 generation plants, selfing the F1 generation, harvesting the seeds of the F2 generation when the seeds are mature, and air-drying and storing;

4) planting seeds of the F2 generation into the field to obtain plants of the F2 generation, wherein the Guangmeng barley and the Chimomen barley are shown in figure 1, and the F2 generation is combined with 2 rows of standard varieties of the Guangmeng barley and the Chimomen barley. Separating a great amount of characters in the F2 generation into the mango barley and the miscanthus sinensis, selecting miscanthus sinensis and miscanthus sinensis single plants for selfing, obtaining seeds of the F3 generation after maturation, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and drying in the air for storage;

5) F3-F4 generation, sowing 2 rows of single plants, combining the front and back 2 rows of various standard varieties, separating the material of the toothed mango part continuously because the toothed mango is dominant and the light mango is recessive, continuously selecting a large amount of the light mango and the toothed mango single plants when the barley is ripe, marking the single plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and storing in an air drying way; continuously selecting single plant from the plant height, the ear length, the grain number, the tillering rate, the thousand grain weight, the plant type, the mature period color change, the uniformity, the plant lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the single plant of the bare silvergrass, harvesting the single plant, and air-drying and storing the single plant;

6) F5-F6 generations, each plant is sown in 2 rows, and the 2 rows of each standard variety before and after combination. Continuously selecting single plants with sunshine from plant height, ear length, ear grain number, tillering rate, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing;

7) f7 generations are subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, stable strains with the light, the plant height of 80-85cm, the ear length of 8-10cm, the ear particle number of not less than 25, the tillering rate of 2.2-2.7 and the thousand particle weight of not less than 45g, compact strain types, good color conversion at the mature period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected to participate in the strain identification test;

8) strain identification test: and identifying the high yield, stress resistance, appearance, quality and yield of the new improved strain in the high-generation stable strains in the seed nursery in the last year, and providing materials and basis for the strain comparison test in the next year.

Arranging by adopting a space comparison method, planting for three times, adding a control cell every 10 cells, wherein the control variety is sweet beer No. 4, the cell is 2.5m long, 1.25m wide, 0.25m line spacing, 0.25m zone spacing, 0.5m walkway and 3.125m cell area²And in 5 rows of regions, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and larger yield increase amplitude than the reference are selected for line comparison test in the late ten days of 3 months, and the results show that the yield of the bred strains is increased by 13 percent compared with the reference, and the strains have the first grade of the tested strains.

9) Strain comparison test: and further measuring and comparing the comprehensive agronomic characters, high and stable yield, stress resistance, yield and grain quality of the excellent strains improved from the identification test in the last year and reserved in the last year, selecting the strains with good comprehensive characters, stable characters and large yield increase amplitude of the strain comparison test compared with the contrast test, and participating in the regional test.

The method adopts random block arrangement, and the planting is performed for 3 times, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row spacing of 10 rows is 0.25m, the spacing of the rows is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m²The sowing amount is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 500 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months, furrowed and broadcast sowed, and the result shows that the yield of the bred variety is increased by 9.8 percent compared with the control, and the bred variety has the second place of the tested variety.

10) Area test and production test: the regional test of the whole province selects different representative ecological regions in a barley planting region, measures the adaptability, stress resistance, high yield and grain quality of the new barley variety (line) bred in different ecological regions, provides a new barley variety with high yield, high quality, strong stress resistance and excellent comprehensive agronomic characters suitable for planting in the whole province, and provides production service for the barley in our province.

The test is uniformly designed by random block, and is repeated three times, the length of the cell is 5.0m, the width of the cell is 2.5m, the row spacing is 0.25m, and the area of the cell is 12.5m²The seeding rate is calculated by 30 ten thousand seeds per mu, and 560 seeds are sown in each row. The field management measures are the same as local field production. The result shows that the average grain yield of the bred new variety is 7421.10kg/hm²The yield is increased by 3.8 percent compared with the average control, and the test strain has the first place.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for breeding Guanghong barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2) hybridizing by taking Ji 53 as a male parent and Favaviet as a female parent, and harvesting hybrid seeds to obtain F1 generation;

3) selfing the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation, selecting plants of the Glauber and the Iris sinensis to perform selfing respectively to obtain seeds of the F3 generation, and planting the seeds of the F3 generation to obtain plants of the F3 generation;

5) F5-F6 generation, the same as the screening process of F3-F4 generation;

2. The method for breeding lucent barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the selected factors include: barley growth period, plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, ear number, thousand grain weight, plant type, color change in the mature period, uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plant.

3. The breeding method of the lucerne barley as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 1), the screening of lucerne barley germplasm resources is to screen lucerne barley with a growth period of 95-105 days, a plant height of 80-85cm, a spike length of 8-10cm, a spike grain number of not less than 25 grains, a spike number of not less than 3 per plant, a thousand grain weight of not less than 45g, compact plant type, good color change in mature period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance of plants.

4. The method for selectively breeding lucent barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the female parent is castrated before crossing, and each plant is castrated for only one ear.

5. The method for breeding lucent barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the steps 3) -5), harvesting, threshing and storing of single plants are carried out when the F2-F6 generation barley is mature.

6. The breeding method of lucerne barley as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 6), the plant line with excellent and stable properties is a stable plant line with lucerne, plant height of 80-85cm, ear length of 8-10cm, ear number of more than or equal to 25 grains, tillering rate of 2.2-2.7, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 45g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, high uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.