CN114557275B - Breeding method of black-grain and mango-grass combined highland barley - Google Patents
Breeding method of black-grain and mango-grass combined highland barley Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding. The invention takes highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent, and F0 generation is obtained by hybridization; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parents, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain a BF0 generation; selfing BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black rhynchophorus floridulus nudus single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system by BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain awn highland barley stable strain with good quality, and performing strain identification test, strain comparison test and provincial region test. The black-grain awn-colluding highland barley bred by the method has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and the yield is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local dominant main cultivated variety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a black grain and mango grass dual-purpose highland barley breeding method.
Background
Barley is the oldest cereal crop in the world, widely distributed in six continents except antarctica, and naked barley is called highland barley in Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China. The highland barley is also called naked barley because the inner glume shell and the outer glume shell of the highland barley are separated, the naked barley is mainly distributed in high altitude areas such as Tibet, qinghai, sichuan (Ganzui and Abao), yunnan (Diqing), gansu (Ganan, tian Zhu Tibetan autonomous county, shandan army horse yard) and the like in China, and the highland barley becomes local dominant characteristic crops due to the irreplaceability of the highland barley planted in the areas, not only is the main food of vast Tibetan people, but also is the main brewing raw material of local Tibetan and high-quality feed of livestock, and the living level of local rural people and herds is directly influenced by the yield. The highland barley is a grain with great nutrition and food therapy value, has the characteristics of high protein content, high cellulose content, high vitamin content, low fat and low sugar content, is rich in a plurality of effective components such as beta-glucan, arabinoxylan, phenolic substances, phytosterol and the like and a plurality of mineral elements beneficial to human health, and has very important significance for economic development and social stability of the Tibetan region along with the continuous increase of the highland barley processing industry.
The seeds of the highland barley are divided into black and yellow, and under the normal condition, the black highland barley is more yellow than the yellow highland barley, the seeds contain higher content of protein, fiber and vitamin, and the nutrition is rich, so that black highland barley food is very popular in the market in recent years, and meanwhile, the highland barley is a high-quality feed resource and is usually ensiled, but the highland barley with long awns has poor palatability after ensiling, the appetite of animals is easily reduced, and the awns of the highland barley with long awns have higher hardness and are difficult to digest; the highland barley with mangoes has good palatability and easy digestion, and can be used as a high-quality feed resource. However, the black highland barley varieties applied in the current production generally have too high plant height, are not resistant to lodging and have lower yield; the introduction of the method for breeding the black Gongmange highland barley is obvious, and the application of the black highland barley is limited to a certain extent.
Therefore, the problem that the technical personnel in the field need to solve urgently is how to provide a breeding method of black-grain awn-hooked highland barley.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a breeding method of black seed awn-hooked grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley, and the black seed awn-hooked highland barley obtained by breeding has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and is increased by more than 5% compared with a local dominant main cultivar.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley comprises the following steps:
hybridizing and harvesting F0 generation by using highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parents, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain a BF0 generation; selfing BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black rhynchophorus floridulus nudus single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system in BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain Gongma highland barley stable strain with good quality character, and performing strain identification test.
Preferably, the female parent is reclamation number 5; the male parent is ZDM8082.
Preferably, the female parent, male parent hybridization and F1 generation backcross comprise: and (3) performing artificial hybridization to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing the seeds, and harvesting the hybrid seeds.
Preferably, the BF2 pending generation property is separated, and the black seed grains of the single plant of the Trigonella sinensis highland barley are obtained by the single plant.
Preferably, the BF3-BF5 generation selects single plants of the previous generation to be unicast to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, the black seed bearded wild oat single plant is continuously selected from the single plants of the later generation from the plant height of 80-95cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, the ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, the thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 35g, the plant type is compact, the mature period color change is good, the uniformity, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance, the single plant is harvested, and the single plant is air-dried and stored.
Preferably, the BF6 generation is subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 80-95cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected, and the strain identification test is carried out.
More preferably, the strain identification test selects a strain with good comprehensive properties and 5% increase in yield compared with a control strain to perform strain comparison test and provincial region test.
More preferably, the control variety is a local main cultivar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a breeding method of black grain and awn grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley, the black grain and awn highland barley obtained by breeding has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, wherein 1747-8 lines obtained by breeding increase more than 5% compared with local dominant main cultivated varieties.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley, which comprises the following steps: hybridizing and harvesting F0 generation by using highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black rhynchophorus floridulus nudus single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system in BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain awn highland barley stable strain with good quality character, and carrying out strain identification test.
When a male parent and a female parent are preferably selected, high-quality highland barley germplasm resources are screened, the domestic and foreign high-quality highland barley germplasm resources are collected, agronomic characteristics and economic characteristics of the highland barley germplasm resources are identified, including growth period, plant height, spike length, spike grain number, spike number, thousand grain weight, plant type, mature period color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, and high-quality short-stalk, multi-edge and black-seed long-mango female parents and bearded mango and multi-edge male parents are screened out. Further preferably, the female parent is sweet reclamation No. 5, and the male parent is ZDM8082.
When the female parent and the male parent are optimally hybridized, the artificial hybridization assembly is carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when the seeds are mature, and the hybrid seeds are air-dried and stored to obtain the hybrid seeds; when the female parent is castrated, each plant only needs 1 ear and more than 6 ears.
After harvesting hybrid seeds F0 generation, planting the seeds of F0 generation in the field to obtain F1 generation.
Taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parents, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain a BF0 generation; in the invention, when backcross is optimized, manual hybridization assembly is carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when being mature, and the hybrid seeds are air-dried and stored to be harvested; further preferably, when the female parent is castrated, each plant only needs 1 spike and more than 6 spikes.
After hybrid seeds BF0 generation are harvested, F0 generation seeds are planted in the field, and the hybrid seeds are BF1 generation.
The method comprises the steps of planting BF1 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF2 generation, carrying out mass character separation on the BF2 generation to obtain long-mango highland barley and hooked-mango highland barley, carrying out black-grain highland barley and yellow-grain highland barley, selecting a large number of black-grain hooked-mango highland barley single plants when the highland barley is mature, marking the single plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
As an implementable mode, when the black grain awn highland barley single plant is selected, other high-quality single plants are simultaneously subjected to selective marking, and the single plant is harvested, threshed and air-dried for storage, so that breeding of other high-quality varieties is facilitated.
The method preferably selects BF3-BF5 generations, unicasts the previous generation selected single plants to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, and the black grain awn highland barley single plants are continuously selected from the later generation single plants with the plant height of 80-95cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, the ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0 grains, the thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant types, good color change in the mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance, and are harvested, air-dried and stored. In the invention, during single plant selection, 2 rows of standard varieties are planted before and after the planted plant rows, and the standard varieties are male parent and female parent or local dominant varieties. As an implementation mode, the invention takes the local dominant variety-Ganqing No. 4 as a standard variety.
The method selects BF6 generation preferentially, selects stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 80-95cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance through multi-generation selfing selection, and performs strain identification tests.
The invention preferably selects the strain with good comprehensive character and more than 5% increase in production compared with the reference strain to carry out strain comparison test; further preferably, the alignment test by the cross method is employed.
As an implementable mode, the strain identification test adopts a space ratio method arrangement, three times of planting are carried out, a control cell is added every 10 cells, the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell is 2.5m in length, 1.25m in width, 0.25m in row spacing, 0.25m in zone spacing, 0.5m in walkway and 3.125m in cell area 2 And in 5 rows of areas, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and increased yield by more than 5% are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months.
Preferred strain comparison tests of the invention include: the random block arrangement is adopted, the planting is carried out for 3 times, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m 2 Seeding rateCounting 25 ten thousand seeds per mu, sowing 560 seeds in each row, hoeing by hand, ditching and broadcasting at 18 days in 3 months; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province.
The preferred provincial region test of the invention comprises the following steps: the random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m 2 The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, furrowing and broadcast sowing are carried out according to the local sowing period, and the yield is measured after the seeds are ripe.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Screening high-quality highland barley germplasm resources, collecting the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, identifying the agronomic characters and the economic characters of the highland barley germplasm resources, including the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear grain number, the ear number, the thousand grain weight, the plant type, the color change in the maturing period, the uniformity, the plant lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the highland barley, and screening high-quality short stems, multiple edges, black grains, the long awn highland barley sweet land No. 5, the hooked awn and multiple edges ZDM8082.
2. Taking sweet reclamation No. 5 as a female parent and ZDM8082 as a male parent, carrying out artificial hybridization and matching, wherein each plant only carries 1 spike and more than 6 spikes during castration to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, and carrying out air drying and storage to obtain the hybrid seeds which are F0 generation.
3. Planting the F0 generation seeds in the field to obtain the F1 generation.
4. Backcrossing, cultivating No. 5 female parent in sweet, using (cultivating No. 5X ZDM 8082) hybrid F1 generation robust disease-free plant as male parent, artificial hybridization and matching, making 1 ear for each plant during castration, making more than 6 ears, obtaining enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing, and obtaining the hybrid seeds, namely BF0 generation.
5. And (3) planting BF0 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF1 generation, harvesting BF1 generation seeds when the seeds are mature, and air-drying and storing.
6. The BF1 generation seeds are planted in the field to form BF2 generation, and various standard varieties 2 rows before and after the BF2 generation are combined. Separating BF2 generation into long awn highland barley and bearded awn highland barley, separating black seed highland barley and yellow seed highland barley, when the highland barley is mature, selecting a large amount of black seed bearded awn single plants, marking the single plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
7. And BF3-BF5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each single plant of each selected single plant, combining 2 rows of various standard varieties before and after combination, carrying out successive selection on black grain awn single plants of the descendant single plants from plant height of 80-95cm, spike length of more than or equal to 6cm, spike number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant type, good color change in mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the single plants, and carrying out air drying preservation.
8. BF6 generations, black seed awn highland barley is selected by multi-generation selfing, stable strains with good agronomic shape, plant height of 80cm-95cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected for carrying out strain identification test.
9. And selecting the strain with good comprehensive character and larger increase production amplitude compared with the reference to perform strain identification test.
Arranging by adopting a space ratio method, planting for three times, adding a control cell every 10 cells, wherein the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell length is 2.5m, the width is 1.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, the cell spacing is 0.25m, the walkway is 0.5m, and the cell area is 3.125m 2 And in 5 rows of areas, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and increased yield by more than 5% are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months.
10. And selecting strains with good comprehensive properties, stable properties and a larger increase in yield than the control in the strain comparison test, and participating in the strain comparison test.
The random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m 2 The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province. Wherein, the yield of 1747-8 strains obtained by breeding is compared with that of the strainsThe yield of Ganqing No. 4 is increased by 12.9%.
11. Test of the general province
The random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m 2 The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and furrowing and broadcast sowing are carried out according to the local sowing period. Wherein, compared with the contrast Ganqing No. 4, the yield of the 1747-8 strain obtained by breeding is increased by 5.7 percent.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A breeding method of black grain and mango grain and grass dual-purpose highland barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
hybridizing and harvesting F0 generation by using highland barley with long awns and black grains as female parent and highland barley with bearded awns as male parent; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; taking highland barley with long awns and black grains as a female parent, and backcrossing the F1 generation to obtain BF0 generation; selfing BF0 generation to obtain BF1 generation; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation and selecting black rhynchophorus floridulus nudus single plant; selecting a good single plant in a good system in BF3-BF6 generation to obtain a black grain awn highland barley stable strain with good quality character, and performing strain identification test;
the female parent is sweet reclamation No. 5, and the male parent is ZDM8082;
performing character separation on the BF2 generation, and harvesting black grains and single plant seeds of the bearded mango highland barley by using a single plant;
selecting single plants from the previous generation to form plant rows by the BF3-BF5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each single plant, continuously selecting black grains and awn highland barley single plants from the single plants of the later generation from 80-95cm in plant height, more than or equal to 6cm in spike length, more than or equal to 45 grains in spike number, more than or equal to 2.0 in tillering rate, more than or equal to 35g in thousand grain weight, compact plant types, good color change in a mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants;
the BF6 generation is subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 80-95cm, ear length of more than or equal to 6cm, ear number of more than or equal to 45 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 35g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected, and the strain identification test is carried out.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the female parent and male parent hybridization and F1 generation backcross comprise: and (3) performing artificial hybridization to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing the seeds, and harvesting the hybrid seeds.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the strain identification test selects strains with good comprehensive properties and 5% increased production compared with the control strains to perform strain comparison test and whole provincial region test.
4. The breeding method according to claim 3, wherein the control variety is a local main cultivar.
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| CN111742836A (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2020-10-09 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of hooked mango barley |
| CN111742835B (en) * | 2020-07-14 | 2022-03-11 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Breeding method of black barley |
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