CN114431139B - Breeding method of multi-mango black barley - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of multi-mango black barley, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding and comprising the following steps: hybridizing by taking the multi-ridge barley as a female parent and taking the multi-mango multi-ridge black barley as a male parent, and harvesting F0 generation by hybridization; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; backcrossing to obtain hybrid seeds, namely BF0 generation, by using the polygon barley as a female parent and the F1 generation as a male parent; f0 generation selfing, and harvesting BF1 generation seeds; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation, selecting black single plant; BF 3-BF 6 generations, adopting pedigree method to select single plants with good agronomic characters from the separated good groups, and obtaining stable strains of the Miscanthus sinensis black barley with good characters. The multi-mango black barley disclosed by the invention has the advantages of ear type multi-mango, high ornamental value and high yield, so that the multi-mango black barley disclosed by the invention has extremely high economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop breeding, in particular to a breeding method of multi-mango black barley.
Background
The barley is a comprehensive purpose crop integrating six functions of forage grass, raw materials of wine industry, functional food, grain, medicine and appreciation. Barley and wheat have similar nutrient components, but the barley has a slightly higher cellulose content and is rich in soluble fiber, cooked barley contains nutrient elements such as nicotinic acid, iron, zinc, magnesium, potassium, folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B1, copper, phosphorus and the like, can provide necessary nutrient substances for people, has nut fragrance and higher carbohydrate content, has the effects of quenching thirst and removing heat, can also enhance physical strength and moisten skin, and is beneficial to a respiratory system, so the barley gradually becomes an indispensable food in daily life of people.
The barley grains are divided into black and yellow, and generally, the black barley contains higher content of protein, fiber and vitamin than the yellow barley grains and is rich in nutrition, so that black barley food is very popular in the market in recent years, and the ornamental value of the Mangifera indica is high, but the Mangifera indica black barley variety is not seen yet.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a breeding method of a high-yield and ornamental Murray black barley variety.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of the multi-mango black barley, the multi-mango black barley obtained by the breeding method has high ornamental value and the yield is obviously improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a breeding method of multi-mango black barley, which comprises the following steps:
hybridizing by taking the multi-ridge barley as a female parent and taking the multi-mango multi-ridge black barley as a male parent, and harvesting F0 generation by hybridization; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; backcrossing to obtain hybrid seeds, namely BF0 generation, by using the polygon barley as a female parent and the F1 generation as a male parent; performing BF0 generation selfing, and harvesting BF1 generation seeds; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation, selecting black single plant; and 3, BF 3-BF 6 generations, and selecting individual plants with excellent agronomic characters from the separated excellent groups by adopting a pedigree method to obtain stable strains of the black barley with high quality characters.
Preferably, the awn-rich multi-ridge black barley is SV255, and the multi-ridge barley is Tradition.
Preferably, the multi-mango multi-ridge black barley and the multi-ridge barley are obtained by screening germplasm resources of introduced barley at home and abroad.
Preferably, the screening criteria include growth period, plant height, ear length, grain number per ear, ear number, thousand grain weight, plant type, maturity color change, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance.
Preferably, the screening of the barley germplasm resources comprises the following steps:
screening the multi-mango multi-ridge black barley and the multi-ridge barley which have the growth period of 95-105 days, the plant height of 75-95 cm, the ear length of 4-8 cm, the ear number of more than or equal to 40, the ear number of more than or equal to 35 ten thousand per mu, the thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 38g, compact plant types, good color change during the ripening period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance capability and strong disease resistance of the plants.
Preferably, the backcrossing comprises: emasculation is carried out on female parent, each plant only carries out emasculation on 1 spike, and artificial hybridization and matching are carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniform mixing harvesting is carried out when seeds are mature, air drying and storing are carried out, and the hybrid seeds are harvested.
Preferably, the step of selecting black individuals comprises: when the plants are mature, selecting black single plants and marking, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
Preferably, the BF 3-BF 5 generation uses a pedigree method to select individual plants with excellent agronomic characters from the separated excellent population, and comprises the following steps:
selecting single plants for sowing in the previous generation, sowing each single plant for 2 lines, selecting black Mussaenda single plants from the progeny single plants with the plant height of 75-95 cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 4cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 40 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, the thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 38g, compact plant types, good color change in the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plants, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
Preferably, the stable mango black barley strain with high quality is 75-95 cm in plant height, more than or equal to 4cm in ear length, more than or equal to 40 grains in ear number, more than or equal to 2.0 in tillering rate, more than or equal to 38g in thousand-grain weight, compact plant type, good color change in the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance.
Preferably, the breeding method further comprises the step of performing strain identification test on the variety with good comprehensive character and increased yield by more than 5% compared with a reference variety.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a breeding method of multi-mango black barley for the first time, and the invention can rapidly obtain a stable new variety with good comprehensive properties such as ear type multi-mango, high yield and the like by taking multi-ridge barley as a female parent and multi-mango multi-ridge black barley as a male parent and hybridizing. The multi-mango black barley disclosed by the invention has the advantages of ear type multi-mango, high ornamental value and high yield, so that the multi-mango black barley disclosed by the invention has extremely high economic value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the grain size of the Mangifera indica Blanco with the grain size of the multi-ridge barley trade obtained in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the ear shape of the Miscanthus sinensis black barley obtained in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a breeding method of multi-mango black barley, which comprises the following steps:
hybridizing by taking the multi-ridge barley as a female parent and taking the multi-mango multi-ridge black barley as a male parent, and harvesting F0 generation by hybridization; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; backcrossing to obtain hybrid seeds, namely BF0 generation, by using the polygon barley as a female parent and the F1 generation as a male parent; f0 generation selfing, and harvesting BF1 generation seeds; selfing the BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation, selecting black single plant; BF 3-BF 6 generations, adopting pedigree method to select single plants with good agronomic characters from the separated good groups, and obtaining stable strains of the Miscanthus sinensis black barley with good characters.
When the male parent and the female parent are optimized, high-quality barley germplasm resources are screened, the high-quality barley germplasm resources at home and abroad are collected, the agronomic characters and the economic characters of the high-quality barley germplasm resources comprise the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear grain number, the ear number, the thousand grain weight, the plant type, the color change of the mature period, the uniformity, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the plant are identified in the field, and the male parent multi-mango multi-ridge black barley and the female parent multi-ridge barley are screened. Further preferably, the agronomic traits and the economic traits comprise the miscanthus sinensis and multi-ridge barley which have the growth period of 95-105 days, the plant height of 75-95 cm, the ear length of 4-8 cm, the number of grains per ear of more than or equal to 40 grains, the number of clusters per mu of more than or equal to 35 ten thousand, the thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 38g, compact plant type, good color change during the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance capability and strong disease resistance of plants. The Mangifera multiflora Blume is preferably SV255, and the Polygonum multiflorum is preferably Tradition.
The invention uses polygon barley as female parent and mango polygon black barley as male parent to make hybridization, and uses artificial hybridization to obtain enough hybrid seeds, when the seeds are mature, they are uniformly mixed and harvested, dried in the air and stored, and the harvested hybrid seeds are F0 generation. Further preferably, the female parent is castrated, and each plant is castrated for only 1 ear and for more than 6 ears.
After the F0 generation is harvested, the seeds of the F0 generation are planted in the field to obtain the F1 generation.
The invention uses the multi-ridge barley as a female parent and an F1 generation as a male parent to obtain hybrid seeds by backcross. The backcrossing preferably comprises: artificial hybridization and matching, castration of female parent, castration of each plant only for 1 spike, making more than 6 spikes to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing, and harvesting the hybrid seeds, namely BF0 generation.
The method comprises the steps of planting BF0 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF1 generation, harvesting BF1 generation seeds when the seeds are mature, and carrying out air drying and storage.
The method comprises the steps of planting BF1 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF2 generation, separating BF2 generation seeds into black barley and light-colored barley in a large quantity, selecting a large quantity of black single plants when the black barley and the light-colored barley are mature, marking the single plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants. Further preferably, 2 rows of various standard varieties before and after BF2 generation combination are selected, the standard varieties are parents before and after combination, and adulteration is prevented by planting the standard varieties before and after combination.
The method preferably selects BF 3-BF 5 generations, broadcasts 2 lines for each single plant, selects black Mucuna single plant from 75-95 cm of plant height, more than or equal to 4cm of ear length, more than or equal to 40 grains of ear number, more than or equal to 2 tillering rates, more than or equal to 38g of thousand grain weight, compact plant shape, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance of the plant, and harvests and stores the single plant in air drying. More preferably, 2 lines of various standard varieties before and after each generation of BF 3-BF 5 generation are combined, and the standard varieties are local main cultivars. As an implementable mode, the Miscanthus sinensis parent SV255 is taken as a standard variety.
The method preferably selects BF6 generation, selects black barley through 6 generation selfing selection, selects stable plant lines with plant height of 75-95 cm, ear length of more than or equal to 4cm, ear number of more than or equal to 40 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 38g, compact plant type, good color change in mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance, and performs a line identification test.
The invention preferably performs strain identification test on the variety which has good comprehensive character and can increase the yield by more than 5 percent compared with the control variety.
The invention has good comprehensive properties, namely, the plant height is 75-95 cm, the ear length is more than or equal to 4cm, the ear grain number is more than or equal to 40 grains, the tillering rate is more than or equal to 2.0 grains, the thousand grain weight is more than or equal to 38g, the plant type is compact, the color change during the mature period is good, the uniformity is consistent, the lodging resistance is strong, and the disease resistance is strong.
As an implementation mode, the strain identification test adopts a space ratio method for arrangement, three times of planting are carried out, a control cell is added every 10 cells, the control variety is SV255, the cell length is 2.5m, the width is 1.25m, the line spacing is 0.25m, the cell spacing is 0.25m, the walkway is 0.5m, and the cell area is 3.125m2And 5, sowing 250 seeds in each row in 5 rows of areas, hoeing, ditching and drilling in the middle and late ten days of 3 months, and selecting a strain with good comprehensive character and yield increased by more than 5% compared with the control to perform strain comparison tests.
As an implementation mode, the strain identification test adopts random block arrangement and three times of planting, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the zone spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The sowing amount is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province.
As an implementation mode, the whole province regional test adopts random block arrangement and three times of planting, wherein the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width of the cell is 2.5m, a 10-row region is arranged, the row spacing is 0.25m, the region spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, furrowing and broadcast sowing are carried out according to the local sowing period, and the yield is measured after the seeds are ripe.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A breeding method of Mussaenda sinensis, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing field identification on agronomic characters and economic characters of high-quality barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, including a growth period, plant height, ear length, ear grain number, ear number, thousand grain weight, plant type, color change in a mature period, uniformity, plant lodging resistance and disease resistance, and screening male parent multi-mango multi-ridge black barley and female parent multi-ridge barley;
(2) When the multi-edge barley mutation is used as a female parent and the multi-mango multi-edge black barley SV255 is used as a male parent for hybridization, artificial hybridization matching is carried out, the female parent is castrated, each plant only castors 1 spike and more than 6 spikes to obtain enough hybrid seeds, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when being mature, and the hybrid seeds are air-dried and stored, namely F0 generation;
(3) Planting the F0 generation seeds in the field to obtain an F1 generation;
(4) Backcrossing by taking the multi-edge barley trade as a female parent and an F1 generation as a male parent, manually hybridizing, emasculating the female parent, emasculating only 1 spike of each plant, making more than 6 spikes to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting when the seeds are mature, air-drying and storing, and harvesting the hybrid seeds, namely the BF0 generation;
(5) Planting BF0 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF1 generation, harvesting BF1 generation seeds when the seeds are mature, and air-drying and storing;
(6) Planting BF1 generation seeds in the field to obtain BF2 generation, combining BF2 generation and various standard varieties in 2 rows, largely separating BF2 generation into black barley and light-colored barley, when the seeds are ripe, largely selecting black single plants, marking the single plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants;
(7) BF 3-BF 5 generation, sowing 2 lines for each single plant of each selected single plant, selecting black single plants from the plants with height of 75-95 cm, length of spike of more than or equal to 4cm, number of grains per spike of more than or equal to 40 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 38g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance of the plants, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing;
(8) BF6 generation, selecting black barley, selecting stable plants with plant height of 75-95 cm, ear length of more than or equal to 4cm, ear number of more than or equal to 40 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.0, thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 38g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance through 6 generation selfing selection;
(9) And (3) performing strain identification test on the variety which has good comprehensive character and can increase the yield by more than 5% compared with the control variety:
arranging by adopting a space ratio method, planting for three times, adding a control cell every 10 cells, wherein the control variety is Miscanthus sinensis and Polygonum multiflorum black barley SV255, the length of the cell is 2.5m, the width is 1.25m, the row spacing is 0.25m, the cell spacing is 0.25m, the walkway is 0.5m, and the area of the cell is 3.125m2In 5 rows of areas, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and increased yield by more than 5 percent are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months;
(10) Selecting strains with good comprehensive properties, stable properties and more than 5% increase in strain comparison test compared with control, and participating in the strain comparison test:
the random block arrangement is adopted, the planting is carried out for 3 times, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m2The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province.
(11) Test of the general province
Random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, a 10-row area, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m & lt 2 & gt, the seeding amount is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains/mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, ditching and broadcasting are carried out according to the local sowing period, and the result shows that the yield per mu of the 1720-1 strain obtained by breeding is 425.36kg, and the yield of the 1720-1 strain is increased by 8.8% compared with that of the mango multi-edge black barley SV 255.
And (3) obtaining a stable Mangifera Indica line in the F6 generation, wherein the stable Mangifera Indica line is named as 1720-1, 1720-1 is the Mangifera Indica, the shape of the ear grain is shown in figure 1, and the ear shape is shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from figure 1, the yellow spike is a multi-ridge barley Tradition spike, the multi-mango black barley of the invention is oval and full, and compared with the yellow spike, the multi-mango black barley of the invention is larger, and the number of the wheat awn is more.
As can be seen from figure 2, the Mangifera Indica black barley of the invention has regular ear layers, 5.1cm of ear length, 43 grains per ear and 43.4g of thousand grains weight, so that the ear type of the invention is beautiful and many Mangifera Indica, can be used for flower arrangement and has ornamental value.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A breeding method of Mussaenda sinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:
hybridizing by taking the multi-ridge barley as a female parent and taking the multi-mango multi-ridge black barley as a male parent, and harvesting F0 generation by hybridization; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; backcrossing to obtain hybrid seeds, namely BF0 generation, by using the polygon barley as a female parent and the F1 generation as a male parent; performing BF0 generation selfing, and harvesting BF1 generation seeds; selfing BF1 generation to obtain BF2 generation, sowing BF2 generation, selecting black single plant; BF 3-BF 6 generations, adopting a pedigree method to select single plants with excellent agronomic characters from the separated excellent groups to obtain stable strains of the Miscanthus sinensis black barley with excellent characters;
the multi-mango multi-ridge black barley is SV255, and the multi-ridge barley is Tradition.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the backcrossing comprises: emasculation is carried out on female parent, each plant only carries out emasculation on 1 spike, and artificial hybridization and matching are carried out to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniform mixing harvesting is carried out when seeds are mature, air drying and storing are carried out, and the hybrid seeds are harvested.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the step of selecting black individuals comprises: when the plants are mature, selecting black single plants and marking, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
4. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the selection of individual plants with excellent agronomic characters from the separated excellent population by the BF 3-BF 5 generations through a pedigree method comprises the following steps:
selecting single plants for sowing in the previous generation, sowing each single plant for 2 lines, selecting black Mussaenda single plants from the progeny single plants with the plant height of 75-95 cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 4cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 40 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2, the thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 38g, compact plant types, good color change in the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plants, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
5. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the stable multi-mango black barley plant line with high quality is 75-95 cm in plant height, more than or equal to 4cm in ear length, more than or equal to 40 grains in ear number, more than or equal to 2.0 in tillering rate, more than or equal to 38g in thousand grain weight, compact in plant shape, good in turning color in mature period, consistent in uniformity, strong in lodging resistance and strong in disease resistance.
6. The breeding method according to claim 1, further comprising performing strain identification test on the variety with good comprehensive character and increased yield by more than 5% compared with the control variety.
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