CN114451296B - Breeding method of black-grain two-edge highland barley - Google Patents

Breeding method of black-grain two-edge highland barley Download PDF

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CN114451296B
CN114451296B CN202210192285.8A CN202210192285A CN114451296B CN 114451296 B CN114451296 B CN 114451296B CN 202210192285 A CN202210192285 A CN 202210192285A CN 114451296 B CN114451296 B CN 114451296B
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generation
black
grain
highland barley
plant
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CN114451296A (en
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包奇军
柳小宁
赵锋
张华瑜
潘永东
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Institute Of Economic Crops And Beer Material In Gansu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute Gansu Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/46—Gramineae or Poaceae, e.g. ryegrass, rice, wheat or maize
    • A01H6/4624—Hordeum vulgarus [barley]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Natural Medicines & Medicinal Plants (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of black-grain double-edge highland barley, belonging to the technical field of crop breeding. The breeding method of the invention comprises the following steps: taking the Erlenmeyer barley as a female parent and taking the short-stalk, multi-edge and black-grain highland barley as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain an F0 generation; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; selfing the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation, sowing the F2 generation and selecting black grain double-edge highland barley single plants; and selecting a good single plant in a good system in the F3-F6 generation to obtain a black grain two-edge highland barley stable strain with good properties, and performing strain identification test and strain comparison test. The black-grain double-edged highland barley bred by the method has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and the yield is increased by more than 5 percent compared with the local dominant main cultivar.

Description

Breeding method of black-grain two-edge highland barley
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop breeding, and particularly relates to a black-grain two-edge highland barley breeding method.
Background
Barley is the oldest cereal crop in the world, widely distributed in six continents except antarctica, and naked barley is called highland barley in Qinghai-Tibet plateau of China. The highland barley is mainly distributed in high-altitude areas such as Tibet, qinghai, sichuan (Ganzui and Abacao), yunnan (Diqing), gansu (Ganan, tianzhu Tibetan autonomous county, shandan army and horse park) and the like in China due to the separation of inner and outer glumes and naked grains, and becomes local superior crops due to the irreplaceability of the highland barley planted in the areas, the highland barley not only is main food for the wide Tibetan population, but also is main brewing raw materials and high-quality feed for local livestock, and the living level of the local farmer and herd population is directly influenced by the yield. The highland barley is a grain with great nutrition and food therapy value, has the characteristics of high protein content, high cellulose content, high vitamin content, low fat and low sugar content, is rich in a plurality of effective components such as beta-glucan, arabinoxylan, phenolic substances, phytosterol and the like and a plurality of mineral elements beneficial to human health, and has very important significance for the economic development and social stability of the Tibetan region along with the continuous increase of the highland barley processing industry and the rapid increase of the consumption demand of the highland barley.
The seeds of the highland barley are divided into black and yellow, and generally, the black highland barley contains higher content of protein, fiber and vitamin and is rich in nutrition compared with yellow highland barley, so that black highland barley food is very popular in the market in recent years, but the black highland barley applied in production is of a multi-edge variety, generally has too high plant height, is not resistant to lodging, has lower yield and is not beneficial to mechanical harvesting.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a breeding method of black-grain and high-arris highland barley varieties with high yield.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a black-grain dihedral highland barley breeding method, and the black-grain dihedral highland barley bred by the breeding method has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, and can increase the yield by more than 5% compared with a local dominant main cultivar.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a black grain two-edge highland barley breeding method comprises the following steps:
taking the Erlenmeyer barley as a female parent and taking the short-stalk, multi-edge and black-grain highland barley as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain an F0 generation; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; selfing the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation, sowing the F2 generation and selecting black grain double-edge highland barley single plants; and selecting a good single plant in a good system in the F3-F6 generation to obtain a black grain two-edge highland barley stable strain with good properties, and performing a strain identification test.
Preferably, the female parent is favavude; the male parent is sweet reclamation No. 5.
Preferably, the female and male parent hybridization comprises: and (3) performing artificial hybridization to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the seeds when the seeds are mature, and performing air drying and preservation to obtain the hybrid seeds, namely the F0 generation.
Preferably, the F2 generation is sown for character separation, and the black-grain highland barley seeds are harvested by a single plant.
Preferably, in the F3-F5 generation, single plants of the previous generation are selected to be unicast to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, black-grain double-edge highland barley single plants are continuously selected from the progeny single plants with the plant height of 75-90cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 20 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, the thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 40g, the plant type is compact, the mature period color change is good, the uniformity is consistent, the plant lodging resistance and the disease resistance are achieved, and the single plants are harvested, air-dried and stored.
Preferably, the F6 generation is subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 75-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, ear number of more than or equal to 20 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant types, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected, and the strain identification test is carried out.
More preferably, the strain identification test selects a strain with good comprehensive properties and 5% increased yield compared with a control strain to perform a strain comparison test.
More preferably, the control variety is a local main cultivar.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a breeding method of black-grain dihedral highland barley, the black-grain dihedral highland barley obtained by breeding has good comprehensive properties and stable properties, wherein the 1739-4 strain obtained by breeding is increased by more than 5% compared with a local dominant variety.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a black grain two-edge highland barley breeding method, which comprises the following steps: taking the Erlenmeyer barley as a female parent and taking the short-stalk, multi-edge and black-grain highland barley as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain an F0 generation; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; selfing the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation, sowing the F2 generation and selecting black grain double-edge highland barley single plants; and selecting a good single plant in a good system in the F3-F6 generation to obtain a black grain two-edge highland barley stable strain with good properties, and performing a strain identification test.
The invention preferably selects the male parent, screens the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources to collect the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, identifies the agronomic and economic properties of the highland barley germplasm resources, including the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear number, the thousand seed weight, the plant type, the color change of the mature period, the uniformity, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the plant, and screens the high-quality short-stalk, multi-edge and black-grain highland barley and barley. The invention further preferably selects the male parent as high-quality short-stalk, multi-arris and black grain highland barley-sweet reclamation No. 5; the female parent is Favaviet.
When the male parent and the female parent are preferably hybridized, artificial hybridization assembly is adopted to obtain enough hybrid seeds, the seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when the seeds are mature, and the hybrid seeds are air-dried and stored, wherein the harvested hybrid seeds are F0 generation; further preferably, when the female parent is castrated, each plant only needs 1 spike and more than 6 spikes.
And after harvesting hybrid seeds F0 generation, planting the seeds of the F0 generation in the field to obtain the F1 generation.
Planting the F1 generation seeds in the field to obtain F2 generation, wherein the F2 generation can be subjected to a large amount of character separation to obtain black-grain naked barley (highland barley), light-color naked barley (highland barley), black-grain hull barley and light-color hull barley; naked barley (highland barley) with black multi-edge grains, naked barley (highland barley) with light-color grains, barley with black grain skins and barley with light-color grain skins. When the black-grain naked barley is mature, selecting a single black-grain naked barley (highland barley) plant, marking the single plant, harvesting the single plant, threshing the single plant, and air-drying and storing the single plant.
As an implementation mode, when the black-ridge naked barley single plant is selected, other high-quality single plants are simultaneously subjected to selective marking, and the single plant is harvested, threshed and air-dried for storage, so that the breeding of other high-quality varieties is facilitated.
The invention preferably selects F3-F5 generations, selects single plants from the previous generation to form plant rows by unicast, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, black grain two-edge highland barley single plants are continuously selected from the progeny single plants with plant height of 75-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, ear number of more than or equal to 20 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, thousand seed weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant types, good color change in mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plants, single plant harvesting, air drying and storage. The invention further prefers to plant 2 rows of standard varieties before and after the row of the planted plants during the single plant selection, wherein the standard varieties are parents or local dominant varieties. As an implementation mode, the invention takes the local dominant variety-Ganqing No. 4 as a standard variety.
The method selects F6 generation preferentially, and selects stable plant lines with good agronomic characters, plant height of 75-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, ear grain number of more than or equal to 20 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant type, good color change in mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance through multi-generation selfing selection to perform strain identification tests.
The invention preferably selects the strain with good comprehensive character and increased yield by more than 5 percent compared with the control strain to carry out strain comparison test.
As an implementable mode, the strain identification test adopts a space ratio method arrangement, three times of planting are carried out, a control cell is added every 10 cells, the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell is 2.5m in length, 1.25m in width, 0.25m in row spacing, 0.25m in zone spacing, 0.5m in walkway and 3.125m in cell area 2 And in 5 rows of regions, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and 5% of yield increase compared with the reference are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months.
The preferred strain comparison test of the present invention comprises: the random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m,10 line areas are arranged, the line spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m 2 The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and (5) breeding a strain with yield increased or equivalent to that of the contrast to participate in the regional test of the whole province.
The preferred provincial region test of the invention comprises the following steps: the random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m 2 The seeding rate is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, furrowing and broadcast sowing are carried out according to the local sowing period, and the yield is measured after the seeds are ripe.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
1. Screening high-quality highland barley germplasm resources, collecting the high-quality highland barley germplasm resources at home and abroad, identifying the agronomic characters and the economic characters of the highland barley germplasm resources, wherein the identifying comprises carrying out field identification on the growth period, the plant height, the ear length, the ear grain number, the ear number, the thousand grain weight, the plant type, the color change in the mature period, the uniformity, the plant lodging resistance and the disease resistance, and screening out No. 5 high-quality short-stalk and multi-edge black highland barley sweet cultivation.
2. Favaweite is used as a female parent, sweet reclamation No. 5 is used as a male parent, artificial hybridization assembly is carried out, each plant only needs 1 spike and more than 6 spikes during castration, enough hybrid seeds are obtained, seeds are uniformly mixed and harvested when being mature, air drying and storage are carried out, and the harvested hybrid seeds are F0 generation.
3. Planting the F0 generation seeds in the field to obtain the F1 generation.
4. Planting the F1 generation seeds in the field to obtain the F2 generation, wherein 2 rows of various standard varieties are arranged before and after the F2 generation is combined. Separating the F2 generation into black naked barley (highland barley), light naked barley (highland barley), black skin barley and light skin barley; black barley (highland barley), light-colored barley (highland barley), black-skinned barley, and light-skinned barley. When the barley is ripe, selecting a single black double-edged naked barley (highland barley) plant, marking the single plant, harvesting the single plant, threshing the single plant, and air-drying and storing the single plant; and (4) simultaneously carrying out selective marking on other high-quality single plants, harvesting the single plants, threshing the single plants, and air-drying and storing the single plants.
5. And F3-F5 generation, sowing 2 rows for each selected single plant, combining 2 rows of various standard varieties before and after combination, continuously selecting black double-edged naked barley (highland barley) single plants from the plant height of 75-90cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 20 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, the thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant types, good color change in the mature period, consistent uniformity, lodging resistance and disease resistance of the plants, harvesting the single plants, and air-drying and storing.
6. And F6 generation, selecting black double-edged naked barley (highland barley) to carry out multi-generation selfing selection, selecting stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 75-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, ear number of more than or equal to 20 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant type, good color change at mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance, and carrying out strain identification test.
7. And selecting the strain with good comprehensive character and larger increase production amplitude compared with the reference to perform strain identification test.
Arranging by adopting a space ratio method, planting for three times, adding a control cell every 10 cells, wherein the control variety is Ganqing No. 4, the cell length is 2.5m, the width is 1.25m, the line spacing is 0.25m, the cell spacing is 0.25m, the walkway is 0.5m, and the cell area is 3.125m 2 And in 5 rows of regions, 250 seeds are sowed in each row, and the strains with good comprehensive properties and 5% of yield increase compared with the reference are selected for strain comparison test by hoeing, furrowing and drilling in the last ten days of 3 months. Wherein, through a strain comparison test, a strain 1739-4 is bred, and the yield of the strain is increased by 5.3 percent compared with the yield of the contrast Ganqing No. 4.
8. And selecting strains with good comprehensive properties, stable properties and a larger increase in yield than the control in the strain comparison test, and participating in the strain comparison test.
The random block arrangement is adopted, 3 times of planting are carried out, the length of a cell is 5.0m, the width is 2.5m, the row area is 10, the row spacing is 0.25m, the area spacing is 0.25m, and the area is 12.5m 2 The sowing amount is calculated according to 25 ten thousand grains per mu, 560 grains are sowed in each row, and the seeds are hoed by hands at 18 days in 3 months and sowed in a furrowing way; and selecting the strain which is increased in yield or has the same yield compared with the control to participate in the regional test of the whole province. Wherein, the yield of the strain 1739-4 is increased by 5.8 percent compared with the yield of the contrast Ganqing No. 4.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The breeding method of black-grain two-edge highland barley is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking the Erlenmeyer barley as a female parent and taking the short-stalk, multi-edge and black-grain highland barley as a male parent, and hybridizing to obtain an F0 generation; selfing the F0 generation to obtain an F1 generation; selfing the F1 generation to obtain an F2 generation, sowing the F2 generation and selecting black grain double-edge highland barley single plants; selecting a good single plant in a good system in the F3-F6 generation to obtain a black grain two-edge highland barley stable strain with good properties, and performing a strain identification test;
the female parent is Favaviet; the male parent is sweet reclamation No. 5;
in the F3-F5 generation, single plants are selected from the previous generation to form plant rows, each single plant is sowed for 2 rows, the black-grain double-edge highland barley single plant is continuously selected from the progeny single plant with the plant height of 75-90cm, the ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, the ear grain number of more than or equal to 20 grains, the tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, the thousand grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, the plant type is compact, the color change in the mature period is good, the uniformity is consistent, the lodging resistance and the disease resistance of the plant are realized, and the single plant is harvested, air-dried and stored;
and the F6 generation is subjected to multi-generation selfing selection, and stable strains with good agronomic characters, plant height of 75-90cm, ear length of more than or equal to 8cm, ear number of more than or equal to 20 grains, tillering rate of more than or equal to 2.5, thousand-grain weight of more than or equal to 40g, compact plant type, good color change at the mature period, consistent uniformity, strong lodging resistance and strong disease resistance are selected for strain identification tests.
2. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the female parent and the male parent hybridization comprises: and (3) manually hybridizing and matching to obtain enough hybrid seeds, uniformly mixing and harvesting the mature seeds, air-drying and storing the seeds, and obtaining the hybrid seeds, namely the F0 generation.
3. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein the F2 generation of the sowing is subjected to trait separation, and seeds of black-kernel dihedral highland barley are harvested from a single plant.
4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the strain identification test selects strains with good comprehensive characters and 5% increased yield compared with a control strain to perform a strain comparison test.
5. The breeding method according to claim 4, wherein the control variety is a local main cultivar.
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