CN108901823A - A kind of method of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material - Google Patents
A kind of method of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108901823A CN108901823A CN201810648909.6A CN201810648909A CN108901823A CN 108901823 A CN108901823 A CN 108901823A CN 201810648909 A CN201810648909 A CN 201810648909A CN 108901823 A CN108901823 A CN 108901823A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material, are related to breeding technology field.Using selection informative population initial population wide in variety, it carries out two-wheeled recombination hybridization acquisition wheel and is reassembled back into group, multiple single plants with low-kalium resistant high yield characteristics are filtered out using the low-kalium resistant high yield of three rounds, as selected low-kalium resistant SOYBEAN IN HIGH-YIELD BREEDING material after being verified.The present invention is remarkably improved breeding efficiency, and the low-kalium resistant rice breed of breeding is expected to be used for the improvement of rice varieties, and haves laid a good foundation further to instruct molecule aggregation breeding and marker assisted selection and low-kalium resistant genetic mechanism to study.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to breeding technology field, in particular to a kind of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material
Method.
Background technique
Rice is both that one of big cereal crop in the world three and the most important cereal crops in China, cultivated area account for
The 32.04% of Chinese cereal sown area, paddy total yield accounts for the 37.05% of total grain output.There are about 65% populations with rice in the whole nation
Rice is staple food.Chemical fertilizer has played increases in grain production very important effect.But in the past 30 years, China's grain is depended on unduly
The investment of liquid manure resource, so that China's fertilizer application amount grows continuously and fast, China's grain security and resource consumption, environmental protection
Between contradiction be becoming increasingly acute.Potassium is one of big crucial nutrient of crop growth institute required three, is had a variety of important
Physiology and biochemistry effect.The universal potassium deficiency of China's arable soil, the soil (available potassium < 50mg/kg) of severe potassium deficiency and general potassium deficiency
Soil (available potassium is between 50~70mg/kg) area totally 0.23 × 104Ten thousand hectares, account for about the 23% of national cultivated area, south
The soil of square severe potassium deficiency is about 0.093 × 104Ten thousand hectares.In recent years, due to the raising of multiple crop index and per unit area yield, potassium deficiency it is tight
Principal characteristic aggravation.The shortage of China Potash mineral resources, it is explored at present the result shows that, the Chai Er sweat salt lake in only Qinghai has grade higher
Potassium mine, the annual output of potash fertilizer hovered for a long time at 250,000 tons or so, and China's potash fertilizer consumption is up to 6,900,000 tons, the annual output of potash fertilizer
Amount is much not as good as China's potash fertilizer consumption figure.Solve the problems, such as crop potassium deficiency, in addition to potassium application, screening and cultivation low-kalium resistant high yield are made
Article kind is a fundamental way.
To the absorption of potassium, accumulation, operating and utilization efficiency etc. between the different cultivars of same crop between different floristics
Judge whether nutrient is efficient in the presence of the effect in the distribution and metabolic process of very big difference in vivo, it is considered that plant potassium nutrition
High-efficient genotype strong, high characteristic of potassium utilization rate with absorbing potassium capability.Either Potassium influx rate, potassium use efficiency be also
It is biomass, the genotypic difference of long-grained nonglutinous rice is fairly obvious, and Potassium influx rate difference is 3 times reachable between different rice varieties, maximum potassium
Utilization rate is higher by 66% than the kind of minimum potassium utilization rate, and the difference of biomass is also up to 4.6 times.This is just the efficient base of rice potassium
Plinth research, the screening of the efficient germ plasm resource of potassium and the breeding of the efficient kind of potassium provide possibility.Low potassium with normally apply potassium to resistance to
Low potassium kind influences less, and the growth of low-kalium resistant kind and potassium accumulation are not all suppressed under the conditions of low potassium.Therefore, it selects
Low-kalium resistant crop varieties have a very important significance for reducing the use of potash fertilizer, protecting environment and increase economic efficiency.
Recent years, requirement of the people to rice breeding target is higher and higher, has not required nothing more than higher yield, and right
The requirement of quality and multiresistance also increasingly improves.However since the white twentieth century eighties, China's rice breeding has started very long
" climbing " stage, the yield of improved variety never has big breakthrough, this is partly due to the office of conventional hybridization breeding method
Limit and parent's hereditary basis it is narrow.All the time, conventional Rice breeding and the cultivation of restorer are generally used artificial emasculation
The conventional method hybridized is done in pollination, and because of the limitation of its Crossing system and hybridization means, there is synthesis, parent is few, germ plasm resource benefit
With low efficiency, the problems such as hereditary basis is narrow, and lasting improvement cannot be carried out to group, so being difficult to having multiple parents
Niche is because condensing together, and economical character and is had a large amount of by controlled by multiple genes mostly for the yield of rice, resistance etc.
Advantageous crytogene, to polymerize these genes, traditional cross breeding method is difficult to realize.In hybrid rice breeding,
If the sterile line and restorer that bring out equally exist the above problem, it to be bred as high yield, high-quality, mostly anti-hybrid paddy rice difficulty
It is very big.Therefore, constantly improve rice yield, rice quality is improved, enhances paddy rice anti contravariance, improves rice breeding efficiency, it must
New rice breeding theory and method must be studied, numerous breeding techniques and germ plasm resource abundant are effectively combined,
Germplasm enhancement is combined with breeding of new variety, innovates breeding system.
And recurrent selection is considered as continuing the horizontal optimal method of improvement breeding population character.Therefore jade can be used for reference
Rice, wheat recurrent selection breeding successful experience carry out rice recurrent selection breeding.Recurrent selection is abundant with hereditary basis
Based on group, by continuous " selection is mutually handed in selection one ", breaks unfavorable gene linkage, polymerize beneficial gene, constantly mention
High gene recombinant character is horizontal, so that group be made to obtain lasting improvement.Recurrent selection is existed by Hayes and Garber earliest
What the population improvement for cross pollinated plant in 1919 proposed, nineteen twenty, East and Joins propose recurrent selection breeding side
Case, later Hull propose detailed recurrent selection breeding scheme with breeding hybridized in the white friendship system improvement of corn.Recurrent selection
Main purpose be that the breeding material of improvement is provided for breeder, improve breeding population in favorable allels frequency.Simultaneously
The adaptability that can also be used for improvement Exotic Germplasm, expands the source of germplasm.Recurrent selection at present has become crop groups improvement
Effective ways.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention：A few parent is pertained only to for conventional hybridization breeding, there is comprehensive
The problems such as parent is few, hereditary basis is narrow is closed, recurrent selection breeding low-kalium resistant rice breed is utilized.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides technical solution below：
Concrete operation step is as follows：
A kind of method of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material, comprises the steps of：
(1) it is that medium constructs initial population using the dominant androgenesis kind of rice, constructs two sets of initial populations altogether：Just
Beginning group I and initial population II；
(2) specific to walk by the parent material of initial population I and initial population II and the dominant androgenesis mixing breed of rice
It is rapid as follows：
(A) parent parent is arranged in mid-August at the florescence, and by the way of sowing 2 phase male parents, the 1st phase male parent is in the first tenday period of a month in May
It sows, broadcasts the 2nd phase male parent, male parent duration from seeding to heading 99d, 16.3~17.4 leaf of Leaves on main stem after 9d；
(B) maternal duration from seeding to heading 81d, 15.2~16.1 leaf of Leaves on main stem, early June sowing, Parent sowing gap stage 19d,
Poor 5.1~5.8 leaf of leaf；
(C) rice seedling bed application rate about 145kg/h ㎡, length of time rice seedlings grow 30d, using non-irrigated watery ricenursery and two sections of method of raising seedling, 4, single plant band
It is transplanted to crop field when the above tiller, when rice transplanting, maternal every square meter inserted 46~56 caves, and 3 plants of every cave guarantees every square meter Basic Seedling 165
Strain；Male parent inserts 36~46 Xue/㎡, and 2 plants of every cave, Basic Seedling is in 110 Zhu/㎡, parental 1:4, seeding row spacing 17cm x
19cm, the wide 2.8m in compartment get hold of the nutrient uptake feature of Parent, and fertilising should adhere to the principle of " preceding heavy, middle control, rear benefit ", use sufficient bottom
Fertilizer imposes tillering fertilizer immediately after turning green；Male parent not nitrogen fertilizer application after entering ear differentiation；
(D) flower synchronization standard is maternal 3d heading more early than male parent, and female parent, which is shown in, can prescind sword-like leave 1/5 when fringe；
(E) artificial supplementary pollination keeps Parent flowering time almost the same, when weather is fine, morning 6:00~7：00
The dew rushed on maternal fringe layer, Post flowering are caught up with powder 1 time every the artificial bamboo pole of 20min, continue 9~10 times daily, catch up with the powder time
It is continued until florescence Mo, the duration is in 11d；
(3) each cross combination randomly selects 130 seeds and carries out mixed in equal amounts plantation, and experimental plot is with high 2.4 meters
Plastic film separates the entrance to prevent foreign pollen, before loose powder of blooming, rejects the single plant of performance difference, when loose powder of blooming,
Manually catch up with powder with supple-mentary pollination, after maturation, mixed take in of seed in sterile plant freely recombinates into next round；
(4) step (3) are repeated, then carries out two round recombinations, the seed mixing harvest in sterile plant enters next round, and can
Educate the screening that the seed mixing harvest in strain is used for phenotype；
(5) four wheels of acquisition are reassembled back into the phenotypic screen that group carries out low-kalium resistant, in the maturity period, according to strain and list
The overall performance of strain selects the single plant of excellent low-kalium resistant high yield as final breeding material, and screening in tolerance to low K stress specific method is such as
Under：
(5.1) test is reddish yellow loam with soil, and taking native standard is soil effective K content≤50mg/kg, and slowly available potassium contains
Amount≤100mg/kg；
(5.2) plastic barrel (30cm x 26cm) is used, every barreled soil 10kg, every processing is repeated 3 times, random alignment；
(5.3) each material facility potassium and two levels of potassium are not applied, fertilizer is urea, potassium acid dihydride ammonium, potassium chloride, fertilising
Amount is N 0.24g/kg soil, P2050.12g/kg soil, K20 0.24g/kg soil.Potassium acid dihydride ammonium and soil mix disposable application,
And the 2/3 of urea and potassium chloride makees base manure, 1/3 makees top dressing.
(5.4) candidate materials are sowed July, 8 plants of every basin final singling, end of the year harvest.Except fertilising is outer, other manage routinely into
Row.Maturity period harvest, divides single plant to investigate plant height, spike length.It is classified as seed and two parts of stem, is dried in 80 DEG C, weighing
It grinds and (crosses 0.6mm sieve), carry out analysis measurement, dense H2SO4-H202Method digestion, flame spectrophotometric determination each section potassium element contain
Amount.
(5.5) statistical data and relatively economical yield, Relative biological yield, Potassium utilization index, economical K efficiency ratio are calculated,
Screen economic flow rate Potassium utilization index (EKUI) >=5000 under the conditions of low potassium, the Potassium utilization index (BKUI) of biological yield >=
6000, the strain of economical K efficiency ratio (EKER)≤20 is selected in breeding material.
Preferably, the initial population I is made of 30 excellent introgressive lines；Initial population II is hybridized by 25 in China
Common restorer is constituted in rice breeding.
Preferably, the phenotypic screen of the low-kalium resistant high yield, single plant screening and continuous two-wheeled including a wheel high yield
The screening of the intersection of low-kalium resistant and high yield.
Preferably, the dominant androgenesis kind of the rice is " good infertility ".
It is further preferred that the introgressive line is accounted for Feng Youxiang as the hybridization of the donor of recurrent parent and 7 separate sources
The BC that continuous backcross obtains again2F5Group forms by high yield, screening in tolerance to low K stress breeding.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
It is more that the present invention relates to parental breeds, and genetic background is abundant, and can persistently improve to group, facilitates from molecule
Level improvement rice low potassium tolerance, improves breeding efficiency, the low-kalium resistant rice breed of breeding is expected to be used for rice varieties
Improvement, and established well further to instruct molecule aggregation breeding and marker assisted selection and low-kalium resistant genetic mechanism to study
Basis.
Detailed description of the invention
The building process of Fig. 1 recurrent selection population.
LK1 and LK2 indicates to mix the seed received from the wheel of group I the 1st and the 2nd wheel fertile plant；DG1 and DG2 is indicated from group
The seed received is mixed in the wheel of II the 1st and the 2nd wheel fertile plant.
Specific embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail, with side
Those skilled in the art is helped to have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to inventive concept of the invention, technical solution.
Embodiment 1：
Test material includes 4 sets of recurrent selection populations (table 1).It is that medium constructs initial population using kind " good infertility ".
Two sets of initial populations are constructed altogether, these parent materials are hybridized with " good infertility ".
Initial population I is made of 30 excellent introgressive lines, these introgressive lines are accounted for Feng Youxiang as recurrent parent and 7
The donor hybridization BC that continuous backcross obtains again of separate sources2F5Group (specific method referring to Chinese patent CN102524046A),
It is formed by high yield, screening in tolerance to low K stress breeding；Initial population II is by 25 common restorer structures in China's hybrid rice breeding
At specific step is as follows：
(A) parent parent is arranged in mid-August at the florescence, and by the way of sowing 2 phase male parents, the 1st phase male parent is in the first tenday period of a month in May
It sows, broadcasts the 2nd phase male parent, male parent duration from seeding to heading 99d, 16.3~17.4 leaf of Leaves on main stem after 9d；
(B) maternal duration from seeding to heading 81d, 15.2~16.1 leaf of Leaves on main stem, early June sowing, Parent sowing gap stage 19d,
Poor 5.1~5.8 leaf of leaf；
(C) rice seedling bed application rate about 145kg/h ㎡, length of time rice seedlings grow 30d, using non-irrigated watery ricenursery and two sections of method of raising seedling, 4, single plant band
It is transplanted to crop field when the above tiller, when rice transplanting, maternal every square meter inserted 46~56 caves, and 3 plants of every cave guarantees every square meter Basic Seedling 165
Strain；Male parent inserts 36~46 Xue/㎡, and 2 plants of every cave, Basic Seedling is in 110 Zhu/㎡, parental 1:4, seeding row spacing 17cm x
19cm, the wide 2.8m in compartment get hold of the nutrient uptake feature of Parent, and fertilising should adhere to the principle of " preceding heavy, middle control, rear benefit ", use sufficient bottom
Fertilizer imposes tillering fertilizer immediately after turning green；Male parent not nitrogen fertilizer application after entering ear differentiation；
(D) flower synchronization standard is maternal 3d heading more early than male parent, and female parent, which is shown in, can prescind sword-like leave 1/5 when fringe；
(E) artificial supplementary pollination keeps Parent flowering time almost the same, when weather is fine, morning 6:00~7：00
The dew rushed on maternal fringe layer, Post flowering are caught up with powder 1 time every the artificial bamboo pole of 20min, continue 9~10 times daily, catch up with the powder time
It is continued until florescence Mo, the duration is in 11d；
Each cross combination randomly selects 130 seeds and carries out mixed in equal amounts plantation, high 2.4 meters of the plastics in experimental plot
Film separates the entrance to prevent foreign pollen, before loose powder of blooming, rejects the single plant of performance difference, when loose powder of blooming, manually
Catch up with powder with supple-mentary pollination, after maturation, mixed take in of seed in sterile plant freely recombinates into next round；
After maturation, mixed take in of seed in sterile plant freely recombinates into next round.In the recombination of next two round,
Seed mixing harvest in sterile plant enters next round, and the seed mixing harvest in fertile plant is used for the screening of phenotype.Pass through
This mode, we have obtained 4 wheels and have been reassembled back into group, are named as LK1 and LK2 from group I including two sets, two sets are come
It is white to be named as DG1 and DG2 in group II.Test material further includes standard control material, and wherein high yield check variety is that ridge is excellent
22, low-kalium resistant check variety is osmanthus towards No. 13.
This 4 wheel is reassembled back into the phenotypic screen that group LK1, LK2, DG1 and DG2 carry out low-kalium resistant, the high yield including a wheel
Single plant screening and continuous two-wheeled low-kalium resistant and high yield intersection screening.The specific method is as follows for screening in tolerance to low K stress：
Test is reddish yellow loam with soil, takes native standard for soil effective K content≤50mg/kg, slow potassium content≤
100mg/kg；
Using plastic barrel (30cm x 26cm), every barreled soil 10kg, every processing is repeated 3 times, random alignment；
Each material facility potassium and two levels of potassium are not applied, fertilizer is urea, potassium acid dihydride ammonium, potassium chloride, dose N
0.24g/kg soil, P2050.12g/kg soil, K20 0.24g/kg soil.Potassium acid dihydride ammonium and soil, which mix, disposably to be applied, and urea
Make base manure with the 2/3 of potassium chloride, 1/3 makees top dressing.
Candidate materials are sowed July, 8 plants of every basin final singling, end of the year harvest.In addition to fertilising, other management are routinely carried out.At
Ripe phase harvest, divides single plant to investigate plant height, spike length.It is classified as seed and two parts of stem, is dried in 80 DEG C, weighing is ground
(crossing 0.6mm sieve), carries out analysis measurement, dense H2SO4-H202Method digestion, flame spectrophotometric determination each section Determination of Potassium.
Statistical data simultaneously calculates relatively economical yield, Relative biological yield, Potassium utilization index, economical K efficiency ratio, screening
Economic flow rate Potassium utilization index (EKUI) >=5000 under the conditions of low potassium, the Potassium utilization index (BKUI) >=6000 of biological yield,
The strain of economical K efficiency ratio (EKER)≤20 is selected in breeding material.
The kernel weight under kernel weight/normal condition under the conditions of relatively economical yield=low potassium
The biomass under biomass/normal condition under the conditions of Relative biological yield=low potassium
EKUI=economic flow rate (g)/seed Determination of Potassium (g/100g)
BKUI=biological yield (g)/seed Determination of Potassium (g/100g)
EKER=paddy dry weight (g)/strain body tissue Determination of Potassium (g/100g)
The parent material of 1 four sets of recurrent selection populations of table
The physicochemical property of screening test soil meets the requirements, and is specifically shown in Table 2 results：
2 yellow soil physicochemical property of table
The selection result is shown in Table 3
The number and production of obtained low-kalium resistant high yield single plant of 3 recurrent selection population of table in the phenotypic screen of 3 rounds
Amount
Note：Numerical value in bracket is the number of elite plant strain；Yield represents single plant yield.
Table 3 lists the phenotypic screen result of 3 rounds.1000 single-strain plantings of each group are in big in the screening of first round
The screening of field progress high yield.115 single plants have been screened altogether, and group LK1, LK2, DG1 and DG2 contribute to 30,41,25 and 19 respectively
A single plant.The average product of these single plants is 30.4g.
115 single plants that the first round is selected in the phenotypic screen of the second round are under the conditions of low potassium condition and normal potash fertilizer
The screening of low-kalium resistant high yield is carried out respectively.Each 3 row of single plant kind, 12 plants of every row.The overall performance of strain is primarily looked at, is screened excellent
Good strain, further according to economic flow rate Potassium utilization index, the Potassium utilization index of biological yield, economical K efficiency ratio selection 1~4
A best single plant.Under the conditions of low potassium stress, the single plant of 179 low-kalium resistants has been selected altogether from 87 strains, be selected in single plant
Average product be 27.5g, under the conditions of normal fertilizer, the single plant of 205 high yields has been selected from 88 elite plant strains.It is selected
The average product of single plant is 31.5g, amounts to the 2nd wheel screening and obtains the fine individual plant of 384 low-kalium resistant high yields.
In third round phenotypic screen, 384 selected single plants of the second wheel continue plantation and train in low potassium culture solution, standard
The screening of fine individual plant is carried out in nutrient solution.Each 3 row of material kind, 12 plants of every row kind.Under the conditions of low potassium stress, according to economy
Yield Potassium utilization index, the Potassium utilization index of biological yield, economical K efficiency ratio select 1 from 68 excellent strains respectively
~3 best single plants are selected in single plant 90, average product 31.6g, under the conditions of normal fertilizer, from 58 elite plants altogether
The single plant of 88 high yields has been selected in system, be selected in single plant average product be 33.2g, amount to the 3rd wheel screening obtain 178 it is excellent
Single plant.
Embodiment 2：The low-kalium resistant and high yield of low-kalium resistant production of high yielding materials are verified
It is selected in order to investigate the yield and overall performance of selected single plant, and relative to the advantage of standard control material
178 single plants and control material are planted in low potash fertilizer paddy field and normal water Tanaka to investigate yield and its correlated traits, low potash fertilizer
Potash fertilizer total amount of application in paddy field is 0, the normal total amount of application K of paddy field potash fertilizer290kg/ hectares of O, other fertilizer are according to conventional rice kind
Specification is planted to be administered.Control material includes ridge excellent 22 (high yield control) and osmanthus towards No. 13 (low-kalium resistant control).Selected single plant
And having planted for control material is seeded under 2 kinds of experimental conditions, transplanting is in crop field after sowing 26 days.Each material plants 4 rows,
15 plants of every row, seeding row spacing are 17 × 17cm.Using completely random district's groups experimental design, 2 repetitions are set.When mature, choose every
3 single plants of neat and consistent among a cell, measure single plant yield (grain yield, GY).Here high yield refers in normal paddy field
Under the conditions of single plant yield be higher than ridge excellent 22, low-kalium resistant refers to that under the conditions of low potash fertilizer paddy field, relatively economical yield, Relative biological produce
Amount, economic flow rate Potassium utilization index, the Potassium utilization index of biological yield are above osmanthus towards No. 13, and economical K efficiency ratio is lower than osmanthus
Towards No. 13.
The excellent material of these low-kalium resistant high yields by identification continued to plant into bigger cell, Mei Gecai in next year
5 rows of material kind, 12 plants of every row.Using randomized complete-block design, 2 repetitions are set.Normal fertilising and field management, in maturation
Phase mixes 30 single plants received among each cell, calculates average single plant yield.
Experimental result is as follows：
The indices of 4 crop field of table verifying low-kalium resistant high yield strain
The yield of 5 crop field of table verifying low-kalium resistant high yield strain
By the result of table 4-5 it is found that the yield with higher under the conditions of normal paddy field of high yield control material ridge excellent 22, but
Low potash fertilizer is not tolerated, significantly lower than low-kalium resistant control material osmanthus towards No. 13, screening obtains yield under the conditions of low potassium stress
These strains in, NDJ1 still shows the characteristic of high yield under the conditions of low potassium stress, illustrates it with low-kalium resistant high yield
Phenotype, NDJ2-7 also have preferable low-kalium resistant and high yield phenotype compared to the control group, and NDJ1-7 and its relatively economical of DJ1-2 produce
Amount, Relative biological yield, economic flow rate Potassium utilization index, the Potassium utilization index of biological yield are above low-kalium resistant control group,
Illustrate there is no lost units potentiality while its characteristic under field planting environment with low-kalium resistant.NDJ1-7's and DJ1-2
Economical K efficiency ratio is below low-kalium resistant control group, illustrates that the utilization rate of plant pair potassium element under specific yield is higher, embodies it
The ability of low-kalium resistant is higher.
Remaining 2 (DJ1-2) strain, all close with the yield of low-kalium resistant control material under low potassium stress environment, explanation
Low-kalium resistant characteristic is only remained in screening process, has lost part yield potentiality, but also can be used as the breeding further screened
Material improves other high-yield varieties, it is made to obtain low-kalium resistant characteristic.
In conclusion that the present invention relates to parental breeds is more, genetic background is abundant, and can persistently improve to group, has
Help improve rice low potassium tolerance from molecular level, improve breeding efficiency, the low-kalium resistant rice breed of breeding is expected to be used for
The improvement of rice varieties, and further to instruct molecule aggregation breeding and marker assisted selection and low-kalium resistant genetic mechanism to study
It haves laid a good foundation.
What has been described above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the present invention
Protection scope.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of method of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of：
(1) it is that medium constructs initial population using the dominant androgenesis kind of rice, constructs two sets of initial populations altogether：Initial population
Body I and initial population II；
(2) by the parent material of initial population I and initial population II and the dominant androgenesis mixing breed of rice, specific steps are such as
Under：
(A) parent parent is arranged in mid-August at the florescence, and by the way of sowing 2 phase male parents, the 1st phase male parent is broadcast in the first tenday period of a month in May
Kind, the 2nd phase male parent, male parent duration from seeding to heading 99d, 16.3~17.4 leaf of Leaves on main stem are broadcast after 9d；
(B) maternal duration from seeding to heading 81d, 15.2~16.1 leaf of Leaves on main stem, early June sowing, Parent sowing gap stage 19d, leaf are poor
5.1~5.8 leaves；
(C) rice seedling bed application rate about 145kg/h ㎡, length of time rice seedlings grow 30d, using non-irrigated watery ricenursery and two sections of method of raising seedling, 4, single plant band or more
It is transplanted to crop field when tiller, when rice transplanting, maternal every square meter inserted 46~56 caves, and 3 plants of every cave guarantees 165 plants of every square meter Basic Seedling；Father
This inserts 36~46 Xue/㎡, and 2 plants of every cave, Basic Seedling is in 110 Zhu/㎡, parental 1:4, seeding row spacing 17cm x 19cm, compartment are wide
2.8m gets hold of the nutrient uptake feature of Parent, and fertilising should adhere to the principle of " preceding heavy, middle control, rear mend ", uses sufficient base fertilizer, after turning green with
Impose tillering fertilizer；Male parent not nitrogen fertilizer application after entering ear differentiation；
(D) flower synchronization standard is maternal 3d heading more early than male parent, and female parent, which is shown in, can prescind sword-like leave 1/5 when fringe；
(E) artificial supplementary pollination keeps Parent flowering time almost the same, when weather is fine, morning 6:00~7：00 rushes
Dew on maternal fringe layer, Post flowering are caught up with powder 1 time every the artificial bamboo pole of 20min, continue 9~10 times daily, catch up with the powder time always
Continue to florescence Mo, the duration is in 11d；
(3) each cross combination randomly selects 130 seeds and carries out mixed in equal amounts plantation, high 2.4 meters of the plastics in experimental plot
Film separates the entrance to prevent foreign pollen, before loose powder of blooming, rejects the single plant of performance difference, when loose powder of blooming, manually
Catch up with powder with supple-mentary pollination, after maturation, mixed take in of seed in sterile plant freely recombinates into next round；
(4) step (3) are repeated, then carries out two round recombinations, the seed mixing in sterile plant, which harvests, enters next round, and fertile plant
On seed mixing harvest be used for phenotype screening；
(5) four wheels of acquisition are reassembled back into the phenotypic screen that group carries out low-kalium resistant, in the maturity period, according to strain and single plant
Overall performance selects the single plant of excellent low-kalium resistant high yield as final breeding material, and the specific method is as follows for screening in tolerance to low K stress：
(5.1) test is reddish yellow loam with soil, takes native standard for soil effective K content≤50mg/kg, slow potassium content≤
100mg/kg；
(5.2) plastic barrel (30cm x 26cm) is used, every barreled soil 10kg, every processing is repeated 3 times, random alignment；
(5.3) each material facility potassium and two levels of potassium are not applied, fertilizer is urea, potassium acid dihydride ammonium, potassium chloride, and dose is
N 0.24g/kg soil, P2050.12g/kg soil, K200.24g/kg soil, potassium acid dihydride ammonium and soil, which mix, disposably to be applied, and urea
Make base manure with the 2/3 of potassium chloride, 1/3 makees top dressing；
(5.4) candidate materials are sowed July, 8 plants of every basin final singling, and end of the year harvest, in addition to fertilising, other management are routinely carried out,
Maturity period harvest, divides single plant to investigate plant height, spike length, is classified as seed and two parts of stem, dries in 80 DEG C, and weighing is ground
(crossing 0.6mm sieve), carries out analysis measurement, dense H2SO4-H202Method digestion, flame spectrophotometric determination each section Determination of Potassium；
(5.5) statistical data and relatively economical yield, Relative biological yield, Potassium utilization index, economical K efficiency ratio are calculated, screened
Economic flow rate Potassium utilization index (EKUI) >=5000 under the conditions of low potassium, the Potassium utilization index (BKUI) >=6000 of biological yield,
The strain of economical K efficiency ratio (EKER)≤20 is selected in breeding material.
2. a kind of method of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Initial population I is made of 30 excellent introgressive lines；Initial population II is commonly restored in China's hybrid rice breeding by 25
System is constituted.
3. a kind of method of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that resistance to low
The phenotypic screen of potassium high yield, the intersection screening of the low-kalium resistant and high yield of single plant screening and continuous two-wheeled including a wheel high yield.
4. a kind of method of efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that rice
Dominant androgenesis kind is " good infertility ".
5. according to the method for efficient breeding low-kalium resistant high-yield rice breeding material a kind of in claim 2, which is characterized in that described
Introgressive line is accounted for Feng Youxiang as the donor of the recurrent parent and 7 separate sources hybridization BC that continuous backcross obtains again2F5Group,
It is formed by high yield, screening in tolerance to low K stress breeding.
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