CN101707975A - Method for producing maize hybrid seed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing Ludan NO.7 hybrid seed of an infertility-resistant, disease-resistant and wide-adaptation white maize variety, and belongs to the field of maize heterosis utilization. The method comprises the following steps that inbred line black 255 and inbred line Qing 795 are selected through a multi-generation inbred purification method, and the inbred line black 255 serving as a male parent and the inbred line Qing 795 serving as a female parent are prepared into the Ludan NO.7 hybrid seed; the inbred line Qing 795 is selected from Guizhou local race Qinglong Wusuibai through six-generation inbreeding, the inbred line black 255 is a inbred line formed by replanting a NO.1 black-white colony introduced from Mexico, inbreeding and selecting the NO.1 black-white colony through five generation and hybridizing the NO.1 black-white colony and B255 to form single cross hybrid, and then inbreeding and selecting the single cross hybrid through continuous 6 generations; and the B255 is a species introduced from America. The Ludan NO.7 hybrid seed prepared by the method have the characteristics of good quality, high yield, disease resistance, infertility resistance, wide adaptability and the like, and is an ideal variety for the current maize production.

Description

The production method of corn hybrid seed

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of seeding technique of corn hybrid seed, belong to the technical field of agriculture seed selection novel species.

Background technology

Corn is the staple food crop in Yunnan.The Yunnan relief is big, and three-dimensional weather is obvious, and ecotype is various, and the plot of maize planting mostly is nonirrigated farmland, hillside fields, soil depletion, and dark and damp disease is heavy.Local common people have the custom of edible white maize, No. 5 kinds of Zhong Zhi Luo Dan for many years, and anti-lean property is poor, a little less than the disease resistance, is not suitable for high altitude mountainous area and plants, and the development of grain-production is subjected to shadow.Therefore be badly in need of selecting new varieties and satisfy local production, ecological condition needs corn variety.

Summary of the invention

Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides the production method on a kind of corn hybrid seed " single No. 7 of road ", can satisfy the demand of mountain area, the Yunnan masses to anti-lean, disease-resistant, wide suitable, high-yield corn kind, utilize hybrid vigour, make the crossbreed of adaption demand.

Solving the scheme that technical problem of the present invention adopts is: doing maternally with inbred line fine 795, is male parent with inbred line China ink 255, carries out quadrature, be female parent with inbred line China ink 255 perhaps, is male parent with inbred line fine 795, carries out reciprocal cross, is mixed with the crossbreed road singly No. 7; Inbred line fine 795 be with Guizhou local varieties Qinglong County five fringes in vain after the selfing of 6 generations seed selection form, inbred line China ink 255 be with the white group of Mexico introduced variety China ink replant through 5 generation selfed breeding hybridize with B255 again, form single cross hybrid, and then through continuous 6 generation the free inbred line that forms of selfed breeding, and B255 is U.S.'s introduced variety.

The concrete technical measures of taking during hybrid seeding are as follows:

1, distance isolation: the breeding inbred line is isolated in more than the 500m; Hybrid seeding is isolated in more than the 300m.

2, proper seeding: stable when soil temperature, can sow during by 10 ℃, sow in spring in the area, Yunnan and generally can sow at late March.

3, rational close planting: calculate 4000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of every mu of female parent, male parent 1000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings with mixed area.

4, Shi Yi father and mother's one's own profession ratio is to be advisable at 1: 4.

5, date of seeding is regulated: father and mother sow this same period.

6, in seedling stage, shooting stage, take out and carry out three impurity eliminations before hero is pollinated, based on seedling stage, pull out the assorted strain, diseased plant, the weak plant that do not meet parent's characteristic feature, to guarantee parent's purity and crossbreed quality.Artificial emasculation requires in time, comprehensively, clean, thoroughly, do not stay disconnected branch, residual fringe, do not throw out tassel without care, castrate selection of time and extract top 1/3 out and do not carry out before the loose powder as yet, once a day at maternal tassel.

7, artificial supplementary pollination: male parent is bloomed the Sheng phase, gather pollen and authorize maternal filigree, or hand-held rod stirs male parent gently, makes pollen increase diffusingsurface.Carry out artificial supplementary pollination, selection of time every morning 9 up at 4 o'clock in afternoon, carry out when generally dew is done the back loose powder in the morning.

8, results management: after pollination finished, the male parent loose powder finished, and cuts off male parent, increased ventilation and penetrating light, and results airing in time when fruit ear maturation, bract jaundice prevents to drench with rain.

The standard on parent and " single No. 7 of road "

One, fine 795 inbred lines

1, source: by the local corn kind in Guizhou Qinglong County five fringes in vain after continuous 6 generations selfing seed selection form.

2, principal character characteristic: belong to middle seasonal strain, emerge to ripe 110 days seedling bud scale green, leaf look pale green, plant height 180cm in the area, Kunming, the high 80cm in fringe position, 18 in total blade, half is upright, male flower grain husk shell green, the tassel branch is vertical with main shaft, and pollen amount is medium, flower pesticide yellow, filigree pink.Fruit ear long column shape, spike length 16.5cm, the thick 3.5cm of fringe, tassel row number 12-14 is capable, several 29 of row grain, cob white.Grain white, solids type, 2500 kilograms of general per mu yields.

Two, black 255 inbred lines

1, source: replant China ink white 6 generations of selfing and breed China ink 322 by drawing the group outward, hybridize into single cross hybrid with inbred line B255 again, and then through 6 generation selfed breeding form free inbred line China ink 255.Described B255 is the corn kind that the U.S. introduces.

2, principal character characteristic: belong to middle seasonal strain, emerge to ripe 125 days.Seedling bud scale purple, leaf look green, plant height 1410cm, the high 30cm in fringe position, 18 of the numbers of blade, half is upright, 14 of fringe position branches, male flower grain husk shell purple, the flower pesticide yellow, pollen amount is big, female Honoka silk green, fruit ear taper, spike length 14cm, the thick 3.8cm of fringe, tassel row number 12～14 row, several 28 of row grain, grain white, solids type, cob white, 100-grain weight 24g, anti-graywall, Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College's helminthosporium maydis, rust, sense ear rot.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

The present invention has realized the corn hybrid use of advantage by inbred line fine 795 and China ink 255 hybridization, makes corn hybrid seed " single No. 7 of road ", and it is with corn is promoted mainly kind " single No. 4 of meeting " at present, " No. 5, Luo Dan " compares and have the following advantages:

1, high grade producing is good: 2005-2006 participates in Kunming corn variety regional test, the single No. 7 average yield per mu 568.4kg in road, and than single No. 4 volume increase 3% of meeting, seed-producing rate is up to 86.2%, and seed is pure white, crude protein content 10.2%, commodity is good.

2, disease-resistant: the road identifies through artificial infection for single No. 7, to anti-in the at present main disease graywall in Yunnan, and high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College helminthosporium maydis, the field shows anti-fringe Maize Ear Rot, and other diseases are with the establishing in large scale kind is suitable now.

3, anti-lean property is strong: the single No. 7 logical demonstration plants in a few years in road, and anti-lean ability is strong, and the plantation performance on arid hillside field is better than other and uses kind, high yield, stable yields, strong stress resistance.

4, wide adaptability: the demonstration plant that the road list passes through for many years for No. 7, show as wide adaptability, the following regional popularizing planting of suitable height above sea level 2000m, 2008 through the identification popularization of Kunming variety of crops authorization group, accumulative total is promoted 800,000 mu in areas such as Kunming, Yunnan, Red River, mountains of papers, welcome by the masses, the seed underproduce.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a quadrature production of hybrid seeds schematic diagram of the present invention,

Fig. 2 is a reciprocal cross production of hybrid seeds schematic diagram of the present invention.

Embodiment

Embodiment:

One, the hybrid seeding step on " single No. 7 of road ":

1, choosing ground and isolated area setting: select medium above fertility, by the field piece of irrigation conditions as seed farm.Safety is isolated, and the breeding inbred line will be more than 500m; Hybrid seeding will be more than 300m.

2, proper seeding: when soil temperature is stablized by 10 ℃, can sow, sow in spring in the area, Yunnan and generally can sow at late March.

3, rational close planting: calculate 4000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of every mu of female parent, male parent 1000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings with mixed area.Suitable father and mother's one's own profession is than being advisable with 1: 4.

5, father and mother regulate this date of seeding: father and mother sow this same period.

6, impurity elimination is castrated: for guaranteeing the purity of crossbreed, carry out three impurity eliminations in seedling stage, shooting stage, before taking out male loose powder, based on the impurity elimination in seedling stage, in conjunction with final singling, maternal assorted seedling, big seedling, sick seedling, the bad seedling removed, stay seedling to accomplish uniformity; Male parent impurity elimination seedling, sick seedling should be accomplished during impurity elimination to keep seedlings and seedling with male parent characteristic by the strain inspection, to prolong the loose powder phase, guarantee that maternal fully pollination is solid.Castration is meant that maternal the castration requires in time, all, totally, thoroughly, not stay disconnected branch, residual fringe, does not throw out tassel without care, and the tassel of extraction is taken the field unification out of and buried.Castrate selection of time and extract top 1/3 out and do not carry out before the loose powder as yet at maternal tassel, once a day, the upper and lower noon all can carry out, and wind and rain does not miss, until go completely clean till.

7, artificial supplementary pollination: the pollination phase of blooming should strengthen checking that male parent blooms Sheng during the phase, gather pollen and authorize on the maternal filigree, perhaps hand-held waddy is stirred male parent gently, makes pollen increase diffusingsurface, carry out artificial supplementary pollination, generally carried out up at 4 o'clock in afternoon the morning 9 after every day, dew was done.

8, results management and threshing: after pollination finished, male parent loose powder and finishing was cut off male parent, increases ventilation and penetrating light, and when the fruit ear maturation, results airing in time during the bract jaundice prevents to drench with rain, when seed moisture content content is reduced to 16-18%, and can threshing.Sort out assorted fringe, variation fringe before the threshing, remove go rotten grain, the grain of damaging by worms.

Two, " single No. 7 of road " feature

1, source: Yunnan Shi Feng kind industry Co., Ltd does maternal with inbred line fine 795, the first cross combination that inbred line China ink 255 makes as male parent.

2, feature: be 123 days regional breeding time to single No. 7 crossbreed in road in Kunming, needs 2550 ℃ of .d of 〉=10 ℃ of active accumulated temperatures, seedling leaf sheath green, leaf look green, the seedling gesture is medium, plant height 262cm, the high 113cm in fringe position, blade hangs down loosely, and whole lamina is counted the 17-19 sheet, and male flower grain husk shell green is with purple line, the flower pesticide yellow, the filigree lilac, fruit ear taper, spike length 18.5cm, the thick 4.5cm of fringe, tassel row number 11.8, several 32.4 of row grain, thousand kernel weight 348g, seed-producing rate 86.2%, grain white, in solids type partially, cob white.Full seed crude protein content 10.2%, content of starch 64.49%, crude fat 5.05%, lysine content 0.22%, grain test weight 752g/L.Identify through artificial infection, in anti-graywall, high Chinese People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political College helminthosporium maydis, the curved mould leaf spot of spore of sense, the field shows anti-ear rot, banded sclerotial blight, stem rot, sense smut, rust.

Three, the culture technique of " single No. 7 of road " corn hybrid seed

According to various places experiment, demonstration and establishing in large scale experience, its culture technique main points are as follows for many years:

1, proper seeding: the road belongs to medium varieties single No. 7, date of seeding elasticity big, April～late May all can be sowed.

2, planting density: general mu of 3500～3700 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings are advisable.Note the ridging lodging-prevention.

3, fertilizing amount and fertilizer practice: enrich farmyard manure according to actual conditions, mu is with general calcium 40kg, and potash fertilizer 5～10kg makes base fertilizer, and 5 leaves, 1 heart mu imposes urea, 15～20kg, and 11～12 leaf phase mus impose urea 20～30kg.

4, suitable area: the road single No. 7 can be in Kunming, area plantations such as Red River, mountain of papers.

Claims (6)

1. the production method of a corn hybrid seed " single No. 7 of road " is characterized in that: with the fine 795 work female parents of inbred line, be male parent with inbred line China ink 255, carrying out quadrature, is female parent with inbred line China ink 255 perhaps, is male parent with inbred line fine 795, carry out reciprocal cross, be mixed with the crossbreed road single No. 7; Inbred line fine 795 be with Guizhou local varieties Qinglong County five fringes in vain after the selfing of 6 generations seed selection form, inbred line China ink 255 be with the white group of Mexico introduced variety China ink replant through 5 generation selfed breeding hybridize with B255 again, form single cross hybrid, and then through continuous 6 generation the free inbred line that forms of selfed breeding, and B255 is U.S.'s introduced variety.

2. the production method of corn hybrid seed according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the distance isolation breeding inbred line of breeding will be more than 500m; Hybrid seeding will be more than 300m.

3. the production method of corn hybrid seed according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: rational close planting is calculated with mixed area, 4000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of every mu of female parent, male parent 1000 strains of keeping a full stand of seedings; Suitable father and mother's one's own profession ratio is 1: 4.

4. the production method of corn hybrid seed according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: father and mother sow this same period, carry out three impurity eliminations in seedling stage, shooting stage, before taking out male loose powder, based on the impurity elimination in seedling stage, pull out the assorted strain, weak plant, the diseased plant that do not meet parent's characteristic feature characteristic, the maternal selection of time of castrating is extracted top 1/3 out and is not carried out before the loose powder as yet at maternal tassel, once a day.

5. the production method of corn hybrid seed according to claim 2 is characterized in that: should carry out artificial supplementary pollination in the Sheng phase of blooming, selection of time every morning 9 up at 4 o'clock in afternoon.

6. the production method of corn hybrid seed according to claim 2 is characterized in that: proper seeding is stable when soil temperature, can sow during by 10 ℃.

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