CN101611695A - Space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method - Google Patents

Space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method Download PDF

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CN101611695A
CN101611695A CN200910117345A CN200910117345A CN101611695A CN 101611695 A CN101611695 A CN 101611695A CN 200910117345 A CN200910117345 A CN 200910117345A CN 200910117345 A CN200910117345 A CN 200910117345A CN 101611695 A CN101611695 A CN 101611695A
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space flight
wild soybean
centimetres
days
breeding material
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张大跃
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/13—Abiotic stress
    • Y02A40/132—Plants tolerant to drought

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  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method.Utilize space flight radiation breeding material through manually on the ground the good plant of seed selection do female parent, wild soybean is cooked male parent, hybridizes an improved crossing generation.New hybrid individuality has the difference of parents' different genetic material, the inner contradictions aggravation, thereby vitality also improves thereupon.Compare with recommended variety, under equal water, fertile condition, the performance growing way is vigorous, wide adaptability, cold-resistant, drought resisting, diseases and insect pests resistance strengthen, generally than the kind amount of increase in production of common plantation 30%, 50%, more than 70%, and show huge drought resistance and advantage such as barren-resistant.

Description

Space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method.
Background technology
Soybean is one of China four generalized grain crops, in B.C. about 2838 legendary god of farming emperors' the herbal medicine book Shennong's Herbal a large amount of records is just arranged.Record more accurately and reliably is to have in " Book of Songs " of the Western Zhou Dynasty to The Spring and Autumn Period with " in original bean, the common people adopt it ", have in " Springs and Autumns of Master L " " the time bean, long shoot and short foot, its pod two, seven is thought bunch, racemosus number joint ", bean is soybean today.Our ancestors are with their intelligence and wisdom, through from generation to generation hard effort, for the mankind have cultivated very outstanding crops---soybean, soybean with its abundant nutritive maintenance the Chinese sons and daughters, offered to the whole mankind simultaneously again.
At present, the subject matter on the soybean in China, the one, wide in variety, random, assorted, the potentiality of breeding are not in full use; The 2nd, cultivation management technology falls behind, and causes per mu yield not high.Area descends significantly from 1989 to 2009 20 years.For satisfying China day by day to the soybean growth of requirement, country has all spent nearly several hundred billion yuan RMB every year to external import in nearly 5 years.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method.
The present invention utilize space flight radiation breeding material through manually on the ground the good plant of seed selection do female parent and (buy in rich No. 18 soybean of Chinese seed foreign trade parent company's iron, it is that original just better on the ground kind is carried on spacecraft, it is morphed inside) under specific conditions such as the little gravity of space, atmospheric depression, intense radiation, wild soybean is cooked male parent (in the collection of Liangzhou, Gansu seeds company), hybridize an improved crossing generation, be the new varieties of high yield, high-quality, disease and insect resistance.
For avoiding lodging, to obtain more quality product kind, in the soybean growing process according to feature artificial nourish and grow, the adjusting of reproductive growth, in the growth, spray inhibitor three times, spending for the first time preceding 7 days inhibitor spray concentrations is that per 50 grams dilute 600-750 doubly, and pod bearing period, the inhibitor spray concentration was 400-480 times of per 50 gram dilutions for the second time; Drum grain phase inhibitor spray concentration is 300-400 times of per 50 gram dilutions for the third time.The import inhibitor is purchased in Haidian District, Beijing City flower chemical products import and export corporation.
Before the soybean planting in soil the disposable organic manure 2000-3000 kilogram that applies, 667 square metres of soils apply 10 kilograms in potash fertilizer, foliage fertilizer of spray before the big Tofu pudding, foliage fertilizer of spray bears pods, foliage fertilizer is that the molydbenum fertilizer of concentration 20～25% and concentration are that 20～25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used with, water 3-4 time during the soybean fertility is total, after emerging 40 days, watered 1 time every 15 days.
Ripe and late-maturing three series of productss (being) during hybrid soybean new varieties of the present invention (being) culture technique is divided;
1. summer sowing, 125 days maturations of medium variety, flat kind of overlay film, not ridging, narrow row cultivation, 50 centimetres of line-spacings, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows;
2. summer sowing, second medium variety and five days (promptly 130 days) of first breeding time of length, flat kind of overlay film, ridging, narrow row cultivation, 50 centimetres of line-spacings, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows; Plant shape and output are distinguished to some extent;
3. sow in spring, late variety (being) is about 135-145 breeding time days, and the overlay film narrow row is cultivated, 60 centimetres of line-spacings, 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
The yield index of these three series of productss is generally all at the 380-550 kilogram, and the mu volume increase is about the 270-410 kilogram.
The present patent application people was since 2003, and in collection wild soybean resource, combing has gone out one, two more satisfactory material, carries out assembly with space flight radiation breeding material again.Here it is utilizes two parents of biogeography edge far away, ecological edge far away as father and mother's basis.Utilize two to have different genetic kinds (being parents) and hybridize its offspring (F 1), the hybrid generation inherits two parent's inheritance and the new variation type that forms, and the inheritance of amphiphilic is the basis of its offspring's The Characters.New hybrid individuality has the difference of parents' different genetic material, the inner contradictions aggravation, thereby vitality also improves thereupon.Compare with recommended variety, under equal water, fertile condition, the performance growing way is vigorous, wide adaptability, cold-resistant, drought resisting, diseases and insect pests resistance strengthen, generally than the kind amount of increase in production of common plantation 30%, 50%, more than 70%, and show huge drought resistance and advantage such as barren-resistant.The soybean heterosis, hybrid vigor that this method is cultivated can keep a generation, avoids reserving seed for planting certainly, realizes that soybean produces kind of the approach of using with kind of first-filial generationization.
It is as follows that academy of agricultural sciences, Gansu Province economic crops research institute makes strain comparative trial starting material
2007-2008
Test site Kind (being) title Area (m 2) Output (jin) Volume increase ratio (%)
Qingyang, Gansu institute of agricultural sciences Ripe test sample is SZ5-3 among the present invention ??667 ??840 ??50
Qingyang, Gansu institute of agricultural sciences No. two, contrast trump kind Gansu Province, Gansu beans ??667 ??420
Zhangye, Gansu institute of agricultural sciences Ripe test sample is SZ5-3 among the present invention ??667 ??1080 ??58
Zhangye, Gansu institute of agricultural sciences No. two, contrast trump kind Gansu Province, Gansu beans ??667 ??450
Annotate: per mu yield in the form and amount of increase in production are the average yield in 2 years.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: enlarge cultivated area, can increase yield per unit area, alleviate domestic demand contradiction greatly the first-filial generation new varieties, reduce import, save foreign exchange, China's limited land resources is effectively utilized.
Embodiment
The following examples can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any way.
Utilize space flight radiation breeding material through manually on the ground the good plant of seed selection do female parent (purchase) in rich No. 18 soybean of Chinese seed foreign trade parent company's iron, wild soybean is cooked male parent (in the collection of Liangzhou, Gansu seeds company), hybridizes an improved crossing generation.
For avoiding lodging, to obtain more quality product kind, in the soybean growing process according to feature artificial nourish and grow, the adjusting of reproductive growth, in the growth, spray inhibitor three times, spending for the first time preceding 7 days inhibitor spray concentrations is that per 50 grams dilute 600-750 doubly, and pod bearing period, the inhibitor spray concentration was 400-480 times of per 50 gram dilutions for the second time; Drum grain phase inhibitor spray concentration is 300-400 times of per 50 gram dilutions for the third time.The import inhibitor is purchased in Haidian District, Beijing City flower chemical products import and export corporation.
The soil environment situation that sowing requires:
Require that the soil is smooth, soil layer is deep, the content of organic matter is than higher, feature is: the undesirable root without corruption that good, the no clod of ground moisture in the soil, unmatched stubble stay, mashed leaf, overlay film before the sowing, be beneficial to soil moisture conservation, make soil moisture guarantee disposable full stand, the disposable organic manure 2000-3000 kilogram (market is sold smart fertile) that applies, 667 square metres apply 10 kilograms in potash fertilizer (the Qinghai potash fertilizer plant is sold).
Embodiment 1A. summer sowing, 125 days maturations of medium variety, the brown navel of the young grain in ripe back.
Detailed synthetic method for planting is:
1. narrow row cultivation, 50 centimetres of line-spacings, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows, flat kind of overlay film, ridging not, 667 square metres of sowing quantity seeding quantitys 1100 grams, every plantation four lines stays a null for hoeing up weeds, go and buy Chinese medicine, earthing up, and makes things convenient for manual operation, and plays the effect of ventilation and penetrating light; Require one in the every cave of bunch planting, necessarily save seedling from damage, the mu 2800-3000 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings is manually intertilled when treating 25 centimetres of plant heights, weeding, raising ground temperature to 12 ℃; Treat to carry out the intertill and clean tillage second time when seedling grows to 50 centimetres, and mellow soil is trained the plant root, in case the lodging in growth later stage, anti-branch is warded off and is split; To carry out micro-control when treating 50 centimetres of heights of seedling, when treating height of seedling 50-60 centimetre, carry out secondary control, at this moment will control, can not be again toward high long, so that strengthen the height of stem, the highest 80 centimetres can not rise again; Stem this moment one-level branch in addition reaches the 9-11 branch, and the plant vegetative growth after the control slows down, and reproductive growth strengthens; Secondary branch occur on the branch this moment, and plant strain growth is in great numbers, begins to enter the florescence (on June-15 on the 8th); At this moment enter the important management phase in field, foliage fertilizer of spray before spending, foliage fertilizer of spray bears pods, foliage fertilizer is that the molydbenum fertilizer of concentration 20～25% and concentration are that 20～25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used (Jinchang, Gansu chemical industry Group Co.,Ltd sells) with, take off the purpose that fertilizer reaches stable and high yields to guarantee that the later stage is unlikely, water 3-4 time during fertility is total, promptly after emerging 40 days, watered 1 time every 15 days.Individual plant bears pods and reaches the 600-700 pod; The 5500-6000 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings, individual plant average yield 0.2-0.25 kilogram, gross yield 500-700 kilogram.From the seed-breeding field of plantation, select precocity, the many good plant of plant of number of bearing pods, the sign of listing, ripe back list is received, singles; Remove infected seed, flat grain, the single Tibetan.
Embodiment 2 summer sowings, second medium variety and five days (promptly 130 days) maturations of first breeding time of length, narrow row cultivation, 55 centimetres of line-spacings, 33 centimetres of spacing in the rows, flat kind of overlay film, not ridging.The brown navel of the young grain in ripe back.
Embodiment 3 sows in spring, late variety 135-145 days maturations, narrow row cultivation, 60 centimetres of line-spacings, 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows.The black navel of the young grain in ripe back.Late June at florescence, individual plant bears pods and reaches the 600-700 pod; 667 square metres of sowing quantities of this culture technique, 700 grams, the 2800-3000 strain of keeping a full stand of seedings, individual plant average yield 0.25-0.30 kilogram, gross yield 550-750 kilogram.
Described first-filial generation new varieties, these three series of productss are disposable blooms, disposable maturation.
The feature of this kind (being) is as follows:
The limited pod bearing habit of this kind (being), roundleaf, purple flower; The branch rate is generally at the 9-11 branch, the tall and big fan type that is in great numbers.Self-sow is up to 1.6 meters, and wide 1.2-1.4 rice is about the thick 2.5-3.0 of stem centimetre; Individual plant bears pods about the 600-700 pod, and about indivedual plant were born pods and count up to 800, dry matter production was generally at the 0.2-0.25 kilogram, and output is at 360-550 kilogram (667 square metres).Resistance, ripe back young grain ellipse, the kind grain is yellow, 100-grain weight 23 grams, biological assay crude protein content 43.8%, fat content 21.6% all is higher than common recommended variety index.
The output performance:
1. 504 kilograms of actual per mu yields on 667 square metres of areas in Qin Zhen municipal public security bureau traffic police squadron office farm on the Zhangye in 2007;
2. on 2 mu of areas of tile kiln village, Zhangye Ganzhou District San Zha town six societies, obtained 510 kilograms output in 2008.
Sick, pest control:
The general no any disease of growing period, insect pest.It is comprehensive to show good resistance.But also have indivedual plantation areas (Hainan) situation of cutworm harm blade to occur, if there is this insect pest to take place, utilize insect-proof agent (thimet) Shandong to produce, 500 times of liquid carry out foliage-spray to be prevented and treated; The two spotted spider mite harm of small size is also found in northwest indivedual plot, then uses the white bacterium clear (Jiangxi product) of 200 times of liquid to carry out the foliage-spray control during this sick generation.
Product offspring F of the present invention 1In 99% be stable, because the restriction in zone can't adapt to the complicated climatic environment in various zones, for 1% unsettled product, these extensive characteristics of wild soybean adaptability have been adopted, with the wild soybean is maternal, backcross as male parent with space material, give full play to both hereditary offsprings' good characteristic, treat that proterties tends towards stability after F 1, F 2, F 3The seed selection in generation.Carried out the zones of different plantation again in then several years, and carried out the stability plantation then and measure, until the proterties complete stability.
Concrete breeding of new variety process is:
1〉from the seed-breeding field of plantation, select precocity earlier, the many good plant of plant of number of bearing pods, the sign of listing, ripe back list is received, singles; Remove infected seed, flat grain, single Tibetan gives over to does kind of a usefulness next year.
2〉1 year the independent film-covering planting of single-strain seed, and carry out paired observation relatively, in the colony of these single-strain plantings, carry out secondary again and select, therefrom select with the previous year individual plant the same individual plant list of merit receive, singles, remove infected seed, flat grain is preserved.
The seed of the good plant results that 3〉will select last year in the 3rd year carries out land for growing field crops mixed planting, carries out carefulness in the field and observes.Eliminate assorted strain, weak plant before the maturation, the overwhelming majority is neat at field growing, proterties stable; The good colony's seed of resistance is that original seed is standby.
Sum up above content, hybridize successfully after, carry out the survival of the fittest experience in 3 years again, formed original provenance in stable the 3rd year until proterties, accomplished the selection of three grades of purifications.

Claims (6)

1. space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method is characterized in that:
Utilize space flight radiation breeding material through manually on the ground the good plant of seed selection do female parent, wild soybean is cooked male parent, hybridizes an improved crossing generation.
2. according to claim 1 described space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method, it is characterized in that: in soybeans they grow, spray inhibitor three times, spending for the first time preceding 7 days inhibitor spray concentrations is that per 50 grams dilute 600-750 doubly, and pod bearing period, the inhibitor spray concentration was 400-480 times of per 50 gram dilutions for the second time; Drum grain phase inhibitor spray concentration is 300-400 times of per 50 gram dilutions for the third time.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding methods, it is characterized in that: before the soybean planting in soil the disposable organic manure 2000-3000 kilogram that applies, 667 square metres of soils apply 10 kilograms in potash fertilizer, foliage fertilizer of spray before the big Tofu pudding, foliage fertilizer of spray bears pods, foliage fertilizer is that the molydbenum fertilizer of concentration 20～25% and concentration are that 20～25% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used with, water 3-4 time during the soybean fertility is total, after emerging 40 days, watered 1 time every 15 days.
4. according to claim 3 described space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method, it is characterized in that: 125 days maturations of medium variety, flat kind of overlay film, not ridging, narrow row cultivation, 50 centimetres of line-spacings, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
5. according to claim 3 described space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method, it is characterized in that: 130 days maturations of medium variety, flat kind of overlay film, not ridging, narrow row cultivation, 50 centimetres of line-spacings, 25 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
6. according to claim 3 described space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method, it is characterized in that: late variety 135-145 breeding time days, the cultivation of overlay film narrow row, 60 centimetres of line-spacings, 40 centimetres of spacing in the rows.
CN200910117345A 2009-06-28 2009-06-28 Space flight radiation breeding material and wild soybean cross breeding method Pending CN101611695A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103918549A (en) * 2014-04-28 2014-07-16 河南省农业科学院 Breeding method for increasing emergence rate of soybean seeds
CN104585014A (en) * 2014-04-01 2015-05-06 张大跃 Improved variety soybean breeding method

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104585014A (en) * 2014-04-01 2015-05-06 张大跃 Improved variety soybean breeding method
CN103918549A (en) * 2014-04-28 2014-07-16 河南省农业科学院 Breeding method for increasing emergence rate of soybean seeds
CN103918549B (en) * 2014-04-28 2016-08-24 河南省农业科学院 Improve the breeding method of soybean seed emergence rate

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Application publication date: 20091230