CN111557215A - Identification method and application of rice variety resisting plant hopper and SRBSDV (sequence-specific locus-resistant virus) in adult stage - Google Patents
Identification method and application of rice variety resisting plant hopper and SRBSDV (sequence-specific locus-resistant virus) in adult stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an identification method and application of a rice variety capable of resisting plant hoppers and SRBSDV in an adult plant period, and relates to the technical field of plant disease and insect pest control and rice breeding. The identification method provided by the invention is simple, the labor cost is low, the accuracy of the rice variety identification is improved, and the screened rice test varieties which can resist the plant hoppers and the southern rice black-streaked dwarf can grow vigorously in the local, and have great significance for local rice production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant disease and pest control and rice breeding, in particular to an identification method and application of a rice variety capable of resisting plant hopper and SRBSDV in a plant growing period.
Background
The rice virus disease is one of three diseases of rice, is called rice cancer, and seriously threatens normal grain production in China. In recent decades, the incidence of rice virus diseases in China generally tends to increase, and in individual years, large-area outbreaks occur in partial rice areas, which causes serious yield reduction and even no harvest of rice. Common rice virus diseases in China mainly comprise rice common dwarf disease, rice yellow dwarf disease, rice stripe disease, rice black-streaked dwarf disease, rice zigzag dwarf disease, southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease and the like; in recent years, the southern rice region in China mainly has the southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease. Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) of the genus Fijivirus (Fijivirus) of the family Reoviridae (Reovidae), discovered and named since 2001 by Zhou Huai et al; the disease scope of the rice is rapidly expanded to one of main rice diseases in vast rice areas in south China, so that serious yield loss is caused, and the rice is popular in north Vietnam and Japan to different degrees. The disease is mainly transmitted by Sogatella furcifera, and the disease symptom is that high tillering of a diseased plant and retrogressive fibrous root are formed at stem node. At present, the prevention and control of the disease mainly rely on physical and chemical control of sogatella furcifera to reduce the spread of viruses among rice strains or utilize chemical agents to inhibit the propagation and spread of the viruses in hosts. Planting disease-resistant varieties is the most economical, effective and environment-friendly strategy for preventing and treating plant diseases.
Sogatella furcifera (Horvath)) and Nilaparvata lugens (Nilaparvata lugens)
) Is an important pest in rice production. Last decadesSince then, due to changes in rice varieties, farming systems and the use of large quantities of pesticides, rice planthoppers have evolved as one of the most important problems in rice production. Besides directly sucking the phloem juice of rice plants, the nymphs and adults of the rice planthoppers can also spread virus diseases to cause serious loss, so that the maturing rate is reduced, and even the rice plants die. Especially, the sogatella furcifera and brown planthopper in the field of China often occur in a mixed way, and particularly in the area where brown planthopper resistant rice varieties are planted, the damage of the sogatella furcifera is gradually serious. Therefore, when controlling brown planthopper and white planthopper by using insect-resistant varieties, it is preferable to select rice varieties which can resist brown planthopper and white planthopper.
At present, China has developed a large number of rice production varieties which resist plant hoppers and a small number of SRBSDV, but most of the reported varieties only research the respective resistance of the rice production varieties to the plant hoppers or the SRBSDV; and the identification of rice varieties with resistance to plant hoppers and SRBSDV is not carried out at the same time, so that the rice variety with the resistance to the plant hoppers or the SRBSDV is provided, the growth of the rice is more favorable for large-area production layout and prediction and prevention and control of pest and disease occurrence trend, and the method has great significance for guiding production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the rice resistance identification technology in the prior art, the invention provides a method for identifying resistance by resisting plant hopper and SRBSDV in the adult stage of outdoor field rice and an application thereof, wherein a natural disease environment is provided for rice to be identified by planting a disease-susceptible rice variety, and an identification garden is established; after the rice variety to be identified is investigated and analyzed according to the conditions of insect pests and diseases in the field and identified by repeated tests in a cell, the insect resistance and the disease resistance of the rice are comprehensively evaluated.
In order to achieve the technical purpose of the invention, the invention provides a method for identifying a rice variety resistant to both plant hopper and SRBSDV in an adult stage, which comprises the following steps:
setting an identification garden in a migration flight path area of local plant hoppers, planting insect-susceptible rice varieties in the identification garden, and constructing a naturally occurring field ecological environment of the plant hoppers and the rice;
sowing, seedling raising and transplanting the test rice variety, the insect-resistant rice variety and the insect-susceptible rice variety in an identification nursery, and performing investigation and statistics on the quantity of plant hoppers at the full tillering stage and the filling mature stage of the rice to obtain an insect-resistant rating result of the test rice variety;
sowing, raising seedlings and transplanting the test rice varieties and the susceptible rice varieties in an identification garden, and obtaining disease-resistant rating results of the test rice varieties by investigating dwarf plant numbers of the test rice varieties and the reference varieties;
and simultaneously carrying out insect-resistant and disease-resistant verification on the tested rice varieties simultaneously having the insect-resistant rating result and the disease-resistant rating result in the next year, sowing and raising seedlings of the rice varieties expressing disease and insect-resistant, the rice varieties expressing diseases and insect-susceptible and the disease-susceptible control varieties in an identification nursery in the third year, transplanting and planting the seedlings in the identification nursery into a small area for testing, and counting the quantity of the sogatella furcifera on the investigation control and the tested varieties, the number of diseased plants and the number of surviving plants to obtain the identification result of the rice varieties which can resist plant hoppers and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus in the adult stage.
Particularly, the method for planting the insect-susceptible rice variety in the identification nursery to construct the natural ecological environment of the planthopper-rice field comprises the following steps:
sowing pest-susceptible rice varieties for multiple times in a local high-incidence period of planthoppers to obtain rice seedlings in different sowing periods;
transplanting rice seedlings with different sowing periods at the same time and planting the rice seedlings into a single hybrid plant with a protection row and a inducement row of a reserved space of a test variety to form a natural plant hopper ecological environment.
During planting pest-sensitive rice varieties in an identification nursery and constructing a natural plant hopper ecological environment, except for using the insecticidal double-prevention primary rice leaf roller at the primary jointing stage, no insecticidal and bactericidal agent is uniformly applied.
Wherein, the plant row spacing of each single line in the protection row and the induced row and the reserved space of the reference variety are set according to the conventional mode in the field.
In one embodiment of the invention, during sowing, the row spacing of each row of individuals is 5cm × 18cm, 10 test variety spaces are reserved between every 6 protective rows or induced rows, the protective rows and the induced rows are 3 rows in total, after transplanting, the row spacing of each row of individuals is 15cm × 18cm, each cell transplants 12 rows (including the test varieties/the control varieties and the protective rows), and 10 plants are arranged in each row.
Wherein the sowing and seedling raising time of the test rice variety and the insect-resistant rice variety in the identification nursery is the period of local plant hoppers.
Wherein the transplanting and planting time of the test rice variety and the insect-resistant rice variety in the identification nursery is the same as that of the insect-susceptible rice variety.
Wherein, the investigation and statistics of the quantity of the planthopper insects in the tillering stage and the filling mature stage of the rice are to investigate the quantity of the planthopper insects on a reference variety and a reference variety by adopting a disk beating method.
Wherein the quantity of the planthopper insects comprises the total quantity of adult and nymphs of the sogatella furcifera and the total quantity of adult and nymphs of the brown planthopper on each cluster of rice plants.
Wherein the insect-resistant rating standard of the reference rice variety is as follows:
insect quantity of test variety-1) The insect resistance is set at the value of less than or equal to 200 percent of the insect resistance control;
insect quantity of test variety-1) Medium-to-medium sensation between 200% of the anti-insect control and 70% of the susceptible insect control;
insect quantity of test variety-1) The pest is infected when the content is more than or equal to 70% of the pest-sensitive control.
Wherein the sowing and seedling raising time of the test-reference rice and the susceptible rice varieties in the identification nursery is the same as the sowing and seedling raising time of the insect-resistant rice varieties in the identification nursery.
Wherein the transplanting time of the reference rice and the susceptible rice variety in the identification nursery is the same as the transplanting time of the insect-resistant rice variety in the identification nursery.
Wherein the transplanting time of the rice is when two leaves and one core of the rice occur.
Wherein, the time for investigating the dwarf plant number of the test rice variety and the contrast variety is after the extraction of the flag leaves of the rice.
Wherein the disease-resistant rating standard of the reference rice variety is as follows:
the relative incidence rate is 0.0-5.0%, and the variety is a disease-resistant variety;
the relative disease rate is 5.1-15.0%, which is disease resistant variety;
the relative incidence rate is 15.1-30.0%, which is a susceptible variety;
the relative incidence rate is 30.1-50.0%, and the disease is infected variety;
the relative incidence rate is more than 50.1 percent, and the strain is a high-susceptibility variety.
Wherein the verification of the disease resistance of the test rice variety in the next year comprises the following steps: in the next year, the disease-resistant graded test rice varieties are sown in an identification nursery for seedling raising and transplanting, and the disease-resistant characteristic verification results are obtained by investigating dead plants and the number of surviving diseased plants of the rice in the yellow maturity stage.
Wherein the diseased plant is an obvious dwarf plant and a single plant with high tillering.
Wherein the verification result of the disease resistance is the disease incidence result of the dwarf plants of the survival single plants, namely the disease incidence.
Wherein the disease rate is the percentage of the survival disease number and the survival strain number ratio value.
In particular, the rice variety exhibiting disease resistance is more than moderately resistant
Wherein the rice variety showing disease resistance is a rice variety with the disease resistance characteristic verification result of more than a medium degree.
Wherein the rice variety expressing the disease is a rice variety with the disease characteristics verified to be more than a moderate degree.
Advantageous effects
1. According to the rice resistance identification method provided by the invention, the identification garden is arranged in the migratory flight path area of the local sogatella furcifera, so that the sogatella furcifera is naturally inoculated to the rice variety to be identified, the sogatella furcifera and the rice are in the same field ecosystem, the statistical error caused by environmental factors is reduced, the accuracy of rice variety identification is improved, and the screened rice variety can be ensured to grow robustly in the field.
2. According to the method, the insect resistance test and the disease resistance test of the reference variety are simultaneously carried out in the identification nursery with the plant hopper ecosystem, then the reference variety with the insect resistance evaluation result and the disease resistance evaluation result is subjected to the insect resistance identification in the second year, and the disease resistance test is carried out on the reference variety subjected to the insect resistance identification in the third year, so that the resistance identification result of the reference variety, which is resistant to both plant hoppers and southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, is finally obtained.
3. The identification method provided by the invention can screen out local rice reference varieties which can resist plant hoppers and southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease, avoids the loss caused by the occurrence of the rice plant hoppers and virus diseases, and has great significance for local rice production.
4. The identification method provided by the invention utilizes natural insect sources which fly and land to the local, and does not need artificial inoculation and cultivation, thereby greatly reducing manpower and time and having remarkable progress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a frequency distribution diagram of varieties produced in downstream rice regions in southwest and Changjiang river in different dwarf rate ranges (x%);
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the average disease incidence in the next year plot test of different hybrid rice varieties in the application examples.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the experimental methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
1. Construction for identifying environment of planthopper in nursery
1.1 arrangement of an authentication nursery
The migratory flight path area of the local plant hoppers is selected as an identification garden place, so that the identification of the rice varieties is carried out in the field ecosystem of the rice and the plant hoppers, and the screened rice varieties are more suitable for the local rice ecological environment.
It should be noted that the migration way of the planthoppers can be judged according to the migration rule of the national planthoppers or/and the migration rule of the world planthoppers, which is known to those skilled in the art, and is not described in detail herein.
The method arranges the identification nursery site in the migratory flight path area of the local plant hoppers, so that the plant hoppers are naturally inoculated to the rice variety to be identified, the plant hoppers and the rice are in the same field ecosystem, the statistical error caused by environmental factors is reduced, and the accuracy of the rice variety identification is improved.
Among them, the plant hoppers referred to in the present invention include, but are not limited to, sogatella furcifera and brown plant hoppers.
2. Construction for identifying environment of plant hopper in nursery
2.1 cultivation of insect-susceptible variety of Rice
Because the identification nursery is arranged in the migration flight path area of the local planthoppers, rice of one or more pest-sensitive varieties is sowed in the migration flight period of the planthoppers according to the migration flight rule of the local planthoppers, and then pest-sensitive seedlings growing into seedlings in different sowing periods are fully mixed at the same time.
2.2 Protect Row and Producer settings
And 2, mixedly planting the pest-sensitive seedlings with different sowing periods obtained in the step 2.1 into a plurality of protection lines and a plurality of induced lines in an identification nursery, and reserving a reference variety space or a pest-resistant variety space or a disease-resistant variety space between each group of protection lines and induced lines. During the cultivation period, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in local amount, and the pesticide and bactericide is not applied except for the primary rice leaf roller for the primary prevention and control of the double pesticides at the early stage of jointing.
The invention is not limited except for the plant spacing of 15cm multiplied by 18cm, the line spacing and the plant spacing of the protection line and the induced plant, and the reserved space size of the test/insect-resistant/disease-resistant variety are not limited, as long as the plant spacing of the protection line or/and the induced plant or/and the test variety (or the control variety) is kept to be 15cm multiplied by 18 cm.
Because the migration flight period of the planthoppers is long, if the insect-susceptible rice varieties are sown only once in the period, the probability of being influenced by severe environment is high, and the natural planthopper environment cannot be reflected really, the method can sow the insect-susceptible rice varieties for multiple times in the migration flight period of the planthoppers, reduce errors caused by environmental factors (such as wind and rain), and increase the accuracy of rice varieties and resistance identification.
3. Identification of anti-plant hopper rice variety
According to the local rice cultivation time, sowing a reference rice variety, an insect-resistant control rice variety and an insect-susceptible control rice variety in a Guangxi Xingan identification garden, wherein the cultivation method is the same as that of the insect-susceptible variety in the step 2, after the seedlings grow, arranging a reference variety test area and an insect-resistant control test area in the identification garden, referring to the step 2 for the protection rows and the inducement rows of the reference variety test area, then transplanting the reference variety to the reference variety test area, and transplanting the insect-resistant control rice variety to the insect-resistant variety test area.
And (3) investigating and counting the quantity of the planthoppers on the rice in the tillering prosperity stage and the filling maturity stage, wherein the quantity of the planthoppers comprises the quantity of adults and nymphs of the sogatella furcifera and the brown planthoppers, and then evaluating the grade of the reference rice variety according to the field resistance, wherein the evaluation standard is as follows:
insect quantity of test variety-1) The insect resistance is set at the value of less than or equal to 200 percent of the insect resistance control;
insect quantity of test variety-1) Medium-to-medium sensation between 200% of the anti-insect control and 70% of the susceptible insect control;
insect quantity of test variety-1) The pest is infected when the content is more than or equal to 70% of the pest-sensitive control.
4. Identification of southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease resistant rice variety
And (3) planting the reference rice variety and the disease-resistant rice variety in the identification nursery at the same time of sowing in the step (3), wherein the cultivation method of the identification nursery is the same as that of the pest-sensitive variety in the step (2).
Dividing disease-resistant test regions of the rice varieties to be tested and disease-resistant control regions of the rice varieties in the identification nursery, setting a protection row and an induced row in each test region according to the step 2.2, and then transplanting the seedlings of the rice varieties to be tested and the seedlings of the disease-resistant rice varieties to be tested between the induced rows of the disease-resistant test regions of the rice varieties to be tested and between the induced rows of the disease-resistant control regions of the rice varieties to be tested at the same time of transplanting in the step 3. After the flag leaves of different rice varieties are extracted, the dwarf plant numbers of each variety and a control variety are investigated, and the dwarf plant rate (%) and the relative dwarf plant rate (%) of each rice variety (including the reference variety and the control variety) are calculated. Wherein, the relative dwarf rate (%) is 100 multiplied by the dwarf rate of the reference variety/the dwarf rate of the reference variety; the relative dwarf plant rate is the relative morbidity, and resistance types of different rice varieties are divided according to the standard established by the national rice virus scientific research cooperative group, and specifically the resistance types are as follows:
disease resistance, the relative incidence rate is 0.0-5.0%;
resisting the disease, and the relative incidence rate is 5.1-15.0%;
the relative incidence of the diseases is 15.1 to 30.0 percent;
the relative incidence of the diseases is 30.1 to 50.0 percent;
high feeling, the relative incidence rate is more than 50.1%.
5. Identification of Fangkang of test varieties
Because the seedling emergence of part of the test rice is not good or the later stage is not suitable for the local environment, the death is serious, and the complete two-time investigation is not carried out at the tillering stage or the mature grain filling stage, the disease-resistant rating result or the insect-resistant rating result of the test varieties can not be obtained, so the test varieties without rating results in the steps 3 and 4 are rejected. And (3) finishing the identification of the reference rice variety only capable of obtaining one rating result, sowing, raising seedlings and transplanting the reference rice variety with the anti-plant hopper rating result in the step (3) and the reference rice variety with the anti-southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease rating result in the step (4) in the next year to an identification garden, respectively performing insect-resistant plot tests and disease-resistant plot tests according to the methods in the steps (3) and (4), marking the obvious dwarf plants and the single plants with high-position tillering as diseased plants in the yellow maturity stage, and investigating the number of dead plants and the number of surviving diseased plants of the rice in each plot. Part of the plants wither due to the identification of serious brown planthopper in the nursery, and the incidence rate of dwarf plants of the survival single plants is calculated: and (4) identifying the southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus expression resistant rice variety with the disease strain rate of 100 x (survival disease strain number/survival strain number), and performing insect resistance investigation in the same way as the step 3.
In the third year, the rice susceptible control and the plot experiment in the next year prove that the identified southern rice black-streaked dwarf and planthopper performance resistant rice varieties are sown, raised in seedling and transplanted in the identification nursery, the insect-resistant plot experiment and the disease-resistant plot experiment are carried out again, the method is the same as the next year, the evaluation nursery is used for carrying out investigation and statistics on the quantity of the white-backed planthopper insects on the control and the reference varieties in the tillering full-term, and the average single-plant insect quantity is calculated; and (4) investigating and calculating the number of surviving plants in the rice in each cell and the disease plant rate of the surviving rice plants in the early stage of yellow maturity according to the method in the step 4, and evaluating the grade of the rice variety to be tested according to the evaluation standard of the rice variety to be tested on the basis of field resistance.
Application examples
By using the identification method of the rice varieties resistant to both plant hoppers and southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease provided in example 1, resistance identification is performed on 99 varieties of rice varieties produced in downstream rice areas in the southwest and the Yangtze river, wherein the varieties comprise TN1 rice serving as the pest-susceptible variety adopted by the invention and RHT rice serving as the pest-resistant and disease-resistant variety adopted by the invention. The specific test process is as follows:
1. appraisal nursery set-up and management
The identification nursery is located in the identification nursery of the wheat source village in Xingan Lizhou county, Xingan province, of Guangxi Zhuang nationality (east longitude 110 degrees 14 ', north latitude 25 degrees 17'). The identification nursery is located in an important passage for migrating sogatella furcifera in China, although the occurrence degrees of the sogatella furcifera are different in years, the sogatella furcifera occurs every year and lasts for a period of time. Therefore, the invention seeds the control variety TN 13 times in 4 months 27, 5 months 6 days and 5 months 16 days, and urea is applied for 75kg/hm in the seedling bed period26-month-6-day (two-leaf one-heart period) transplanting, pulling up and bundling TN1 seedlings in different sowing periods, fully mixing and transplanting to protect and induce, transplanting 6 plants in each row TN1 with row spacing of 15cm × 18cm, reserving 10 reference variety spaces between 6 protection rows or induction rows, and managing fertilizer and water in the field by applying 150kg/hm of urea2Except for primary rice leaf roller for primary prevention and control by insecticidal double-effect at the primary jointing stage, other insecticidal and bactericidal agents are not applied.
2. Rice variety plant stage planthopper resistance test
Sowing the resistant and susceptible control varieties RHT and TN1 and the rice production varieties in an identification garden in 6 days after 5 months, and transplanting each variety into a compartment after 30 days. Transplanting 3 rows of each variety in the compartment, 6 plants in each row, and the row spacing of the plants is 5cm multiplied by 18 cm; one TN1 induced seedling is planted between every two rows of the ginseng test varieties at intervals, and 6 TN1 induced seedlings are planted between every two rows of the ginseng test varieties at the same planting row spacing. The experiment was repeated 3 times in random block arrangements. Wherein the field management after sowing and transplanting is the same as the step 1.
After 50 and 110 days of transplantation, the quantity of the planthopper insects on the reference and reference varieties is investigated by a disk shooting method. During the investigation, random investigation is repeated for 6 varieties, and the number of sogatella furcifera and brown planthopper (total nymphs) on each rice plant is recorded. Field resistance rating scale: insect quantity of test variety-1) The insect resistance is set at the value of less than or equal to 200 percent of the insect resistance control; insect quantity of test variety-1) Medium-to-medium sensation between 200% of the anti-insect control and 70% of the susceptible insect control; insect quantity of test variety-1) At least 70% of the susceptible insect control is susceptible insect, and the investigation result is shown in Table 1.
According to the results of the volume survey shown in table 1, the individual plant insect quantity survey results after 50d (tillering stage) and 110d (filling maturity stage) after transplantation show that the insect quantity of the rice planthopper on each rice variety is obviously different. The average insect quantity of the sogatella furcifera on the pest-feeling control TN1 in the tillering stage and the grain filling mature stage is 74.25 and 27 heads and clumps respectively-1The average insect numbers of Sogatella furcifera on the insect-resistant control RHT were 14 and 2.5 head-clumps, respectively-1. In the tillering stage, the quantity of the sogatella furcifera of all the individual test production varieties is obviously lower than TN1, and the quantity of the sogatella furcifera of the individual 44 test production varieties except II you 159 is not obviously different from that of an insect-resistant control RHT; in the filling and maturation period, the insect quantity of the single white-backed planthopper of each of 45 trial production varieties is also obviously lower than that of TN1, wherein the insect quantity of the single white-backed planthopper of Weiyou No. 1, Weiyou 811, Weiyou 402, Lulianyou 28, II you 845, Xiangfengyou 103, Lulianyou 4024, Xiangfengyou 974, K you 404, Lulianyou 996, ek you No. 10, Anlianyou 821, Lingshouyou 104 and C Liangyou 501 is not obviously different from that of RHT.
According to the investigation results in table 1, the average pest amounts of brown planthopper on the pest-feeling control TN1 in the full tillering stage and the grain maturity stage are respectively 27.25 and 36.5-1(ii) a The average insect numbers of brown planthopper on RHT are 2.75 and 4 heads and clumps respectively-1. In the tillering stage, the quantities of the individual brown planthopper insects of the 44 reference production varieties except Taiyou 99 are all obviously lower than TN1, and are not obviously different from the RHT insects. In the filling and mature period, the amount of single brown planthopper of all the varieties tested and produced is obviously lower than TN1, while the amount of single brown planthopper of Weiyou No. 1, II you 898, II you Jianghui 902, Yangliang No. 013, II you 3229 and Nelumbo you 9506 is obviously higher than RHT, while the amount of single brown planthopper of Zangyou No. 118, Taiyou 99, Jianyou 381, Zhenpuangluo, Zangyou 811, Zhongyou 9918, Weiyou 402, Wufengyou 620, Lulianyou 28, II you 845, Xiangfengyou 103, Shuangyou 4024, Xinongyou No. 10, Xiangfengyou 974, Sanxiangyou 714, Chuanxiangyou 727, Zhongyou 9806, Zhongyou rice 9851, Luyou 9803, K you 404, Fengliangyou No. two, Lulianyou 996, II you 620, ek you No. 10, K52, C two you 513, II you 527, Yangling you 2203, K you 404, K you No. 611, Hainanyou No. 10, Haoyouyou No. 10, Haoyou rice No. 10, Haoyou No. 10, K52, Zhanyou No. 10, No. 7, No, wherein the quantity of the 38 varieties of the hundred brown planthopper insects except the II You 1259 is not more than 1000.
3. The method comprises the following steps of performing row-by-row preliminary identification and screening on southern rice black-streaked dwarf resistant rice:
sowing the test varieties in the seedling field of the identification garden within 5 months and 6 days, sowing 1 line of TN1 between the head and the tail of each seedling box and each 10 test varieties, performing field management and comparison in the seedling stage for the same time, transplanting different varieties and comparison varieties into TN1 protection lines or induction lines according to the same specification after 30 days, transplanting each variety for 3 lines, arranging 10 plants in each line, and repeating the experiments for 3 times, wherein the seedlings and the field stages are arranged in random block groups. Field management was the same as control. After extracting the flag leaves of different varieties, investigating the dwarf plant number of each repeated 30 rice plants of each variety and a control variety, calculating the average dwarf plant rate (%) and the relative dwarf plant rate (%) of each variety, wherein the relative dwarf plant rate is the relative morbidity (%) is 100 multiplied by the dwarf plant rate of the reference variety/the dwarf plant rate of the control variety), and dividing the resistance types of the different rice varieties according to the standard established by the national rice virus disease scientific research cooperative group: disease resistance, the relative incidence rate is 0.0-5.0%; resisting the disease, and the relative incidence rate is 5.1-15.0%; the relative incidence of the diseases is 15.1 to 30.0 percent; the relative incidence of the diseases is 30.1 to 50.0 percent; the high-grade infection, the relative incidence rate is more than 50.1%, and the identification result is shown in figure 1.
According to the results in the figure 1, the average dwarf rate of the jointing stage TN1 in the row separation preliminary screening test is 10.67%, the average dwarf rate distribution of 343 rice varieties in the row separation preliminary screening test is shown in the figure 1, and the average relative dwarf rate is 0.00-19.52%; the average dwarf rate of 99.32 percent of the varieties is lower than TN1, the average relative dwarf rate is lower than 15.0 percent, and the varieties show certain resistance, wherein 47 varieties of rice from southwest rice area exist, 97 varieties of rice production in the middle and downstream rice area of Yangtze river have no obvious difference in the resistant variety ratio of different regions (P is 0.2633). Of the 291 varieties exhibiting resistance, 35 were japonica rice varieties, and 7 of them were japonica hybrid rice varieties. The proportion of the resistance expressed in 49 tested japonica rice varieties is 71.43 percent, which is much higher than the proportion of the resistance expressed in 243 tested indica rice varieties (P is less than 0.001), and the dwarf rate in 3 repeated indica-japonica hybrid rice Yongyou No. 8 is zero, thus the rice varieties express disease resistance.
4. Primary screening of southern rice black-streaked dwarf resistant rice in a cell:
in the next year, the rice variety with the rating result obtained by the method and the control variety TN1 are sown in an identification garden to perform a cell primary screening test, and the rice variety with the rating result is subjected to a plant hopper resistance test and a southern rice black-streaked dwarf resistance test in the same way as the steps 2 and 3. In the yellow maturity stage, the obviously dwarf plants and the individual plants with high tillering are marked as diseased plants, and the number of dead plants and the number of surviving diseased plants of 120 rice plants in each cell are investigated. Part of the plants wither due to the identification of serious brown planthopper in the nursery, and the incidence rate of dwarf plants of the survival single plants is calculated: the disease rate was 100 × (number of surviving plants/number of surviving plants), and the average rate of southern rice black streaked dwarf in the surviving plants of each variety is shown in fig. 2.
In the third year, 7 varieties which show more than moderate resistance to southern rice black-streaked dwarf and plant hoppers in the primary screening of the cells in the next year, medium Zhejiang Uyou 10 which is the same as the female parent of medium Zhejiang Uyou 1 and medium Zhejiang Uyou 8, H Liangyou 991 which shows infection and insect infection in large-area production in various places in Guangxi and a control variety TN1 are further verified repeatedly in the cells arranged in the identification nursery. And sowing the susceptible control TN1 and the rice variety which is proved to be resistant to the southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease in the local cultivation time and the same identification garden through the previous year plot experiment, transplanting the rice variety to the plots between the protective rows or the induction rows after 30 days, transplanting 9 rows of 10 plants in each plot, wherein the spacing between the plants and the rows is 15cm multiplied by 18 cm. The experimental design and the field management are the same as the previous ones. After 50d of transplanting, the quantity of the sogatella furcifera on the contrast and reference varieties is investigated by a disc shooting method. Randomly surveying 6 clusters in each cell, recording the quantity of sogatella furcifera on each cluster of rice plants, and calculating the average single plant insect quantity; the number of surviving plants in 90 rice clusters in each cell and the disease rate of the surviving plants in the 90 rice clusters in each cell were calculated according to the previous method in the early stage of yellow maturity, and the statistical results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 plot trial of resistance of different rice varieties to southern rice black-streaked dwarf in the third year
According to the results shown in fig. 2, the difference between different test varieties is significant, wherein the disease rate of each repetition of the control TN1 is 100.0%; the morbidity of the wild Xiang you 688, Zhongzhe you 8 and Zhongzhe you 1 is lower than 5 percent, and the disease resistance is shown; the incidence rates of the wild Xiangyou No. 3, the C Shuangyou 4418 and the Qian Shuangyou 58 are between 5.1 and 15.0 percent, and the expression is resistant; the varieties showing resistance in the cell test are Guangxi production varieties or backup varieties. The morbidity of Zhonglianyou 950, Hongliouyou No. 6, IIyou No. 3301, IIyou 623, Lufeng 20, Zhanlianyou 611 and Fengliyou No. 4 is 15.1-30.0%, and the manifestations are in a neutral state; the morbidity of 12 varieties such as 3905A, B, C and D is 30.1-50.0%, and the diseases are expressed; the incidence rate of 79 rice varieties such as Y Liangyou 3218 and the like is 50.1-100.0%, and the rice varieties have high feeling. Comparing the disease results of the branch test and the cell test, the disease rate of 15 varieties with the relative dwarf plant rate lower than 15.0% in the branch test is 36.92-100.00%, and the disease rate of 35 varieties with the relative dwarf plant rate higher than 15.0% in the branch test is 26.08-100.0% except for Zhejiang No. 1.
According to the results in Table 2, the plant rate of the strain in the yellow maturity of the control TN1 is still 100.0%, the variety showing resistance in the next year and the Zhongzhe you No. 10 still show resistance, and the resistance degree is moderate; the incidence rate of H Liangyou 991 is 100.00%.
In conclusion, the rice varieties C Shuangyou 4418, Yexiangyou 688, Qian Shuangyou 58, Yexiangyou No. 3, Zhongzheyou No. 8, Zhongzheyou No. 10 and Zhongzheyou No. 1 can be used as local rice varieties which can resist both plant hoppers and southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus.
The method provided by the invention is carried out outdoors, and the field ecosystem of the plant hoppers and the rice is constructed by utilizing the way of migrating the plant hoppers, so that the method is more in line with the local ecological environment of the rice, and the screened rice variety is robust in growth, good in adaptability and strong in pest resistance.
Claims (7)
1. A method for identifying a rice variety resistant to plant hopper and SRBSDV in an adult stage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
setting an identification garden in a migration flight path area of local plant hoppers, planting insect-susceptible rice varieties in the identification garden, and constructing a naturally occurring ecological environment in a plant hopper-rice field;
sowing, seedling raising and transplanting the test rice variety, the insect-resistant rice variety and the insect-susceptible rice variety in an identification nursery, and performing investigation and statistics on the quantity of plant hoppers in the full tillering stage and the filling mature stage of the rice to obtain an insect-resistant rating result of the test rice variety in the adult stage;
sowing, raising seedlings and transplanting the test rice varieties and the susceptible rice varieties in an identification garden, and obtaining disease-resistant rating results of the test rice varieties by investigating dwarf plant numbers of the test rice varieties and the reference varieties;
and simultaneously carrying out insect-resistant and disease-resistant verification on the tested rice varieties simultaneously having the insect-resistant rating result and the disease-resistant rating result in the next year, sowing and raising rice seedlings of the rice varieties expressing disease resistance and insect resistance, the rice varieties expressing diseases and insects and the disease-sensitive control varieties in an identification garden in the third year, transplanting and planting the rice varieties into a small area in the identification garden for testing, and counting the quantity of the sogatella furcifera on the investigation control and the tested varieties, the number of diseased plants and the number of surviving plants to obtain the identification result of the rice varieties resisting the rice hoppers and the southern rice black-streaked dwarf.
2. The method for identifying a rice variety resistant to both planthoppers and SRBSDV in an adult stage as claimed in claim 1, wherein planting an insect-susceptible rice variety in an identification nursery and constructing a natural planthopper ecological environment comprises:
sowing pest-susceptible rice varieties for multiple times in a local high-incidence period of planthoppers to obtain rice seedlings in different sowing periods;
transplanting rice seedlings with different sowing periods at the same time and planting the rice seedlings into a single hybrid plant with a protection row and a inducement row of a reserved space of a test variety to form a natural occurrence living environment of the planthoppers.
3. The method for identifying a planthopper and SRBSDV rice variety simultaneously resistant to rice planthopper as claimed in claim 1, wherein during planting of insect-susceptible rice variety in an identification nursery and construction of natural planthopper ecological environment, no pesticide or bactericide is uniformly applied except for the primary single-use insecticidal Cnaphalocrocis medinalis at the initial stage of jointing.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the verifying the disease resistance of the test rice variety in the next year comprises: in the next year, the disease-resistant graded test rice varieties are sown, raised in seedlings and transplanted in an identification nursery, and the number of dead rice plants and surviving diseased rice plants is investigated in the yellow maturity stage to obtain the verification result of the disease-resistant characteristic.
5. The method for identifying a rice variety resistant to both plant hoppers and SRBSDV in an adult stage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing and seedling raising time of the test rice variety and the insect-resistant rice variety in the identification nursery is the local plant hopper occurrence period.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of examining the dwarf plants of the test rice variety and the control rice variety is performed after the extraction of the flag leaves.
7. Use of the method of claim 1 for screening of rice varieties resistant to both plant hoppers and SRBSDV in adult stage.
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| CN112083128A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-15 | 华南农业大学 | High-yield insect-resistant phenotype identification method for rice |
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