CN102197784B - Directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat - Google Patents
Directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directed cultivation method for a drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat. The directed cultivation method mainly comprises the following steps: A, selectively pairing and hybridizing excellent complementary parent materials; and B, carrying out directed cultivation to select a new strain with strong drought resistance and high yield, wherein the step B is carried out according to the following operations: B-1, planting early-generation F1-4 materials under high water and fertilizer conditions, and selecting based on yielding ability; and B-2, taking higher-generation materials (above generation F5) in duplicate, respectively planting under high water and fertilizer conditions and drought stress conditions in an inter-generation water-drought alternation manner, and selecting the new strain with strong drought resistance and high yield. The selected new variety of winter wheat has outstanding drought resistance and water-saving property, and has the characteristics of high yielding potential and strong stress resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to new crop varieties breeding technique field, especially a kind of drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat different generations floods and droughts replaces directive breeding comprehensive selection technology.
Background technology
Wheat is one of China main food crop, and sowing area is 3.4 hundred million mu throughout the year, and wherein northern Winter Wheat Area is 2.76 hundred million mu, accounts for 60%.On the south the Great Wall, Hebei in the local area, in the Shanxi, the east, yan-an one band, Ningxia, Xinjiang, In Eastern Gansu, nearly hundred million mu of year sowing areas, this district is located in arid and semi-arid regions, 50% wheatland waters wheatland and Upland Wheat Field for not protecting, and the high and low great disparity of output and yield stability are poor, and the principal element of its impact is drought and water shortage, the water resource deficiency is seriously restricting the raising of this district's yield of wheat and gross output, and directly affects the overall development of China's Wheat Production.According to reports, since the establishment of the nation, the raising of yield of wheat, the new varieties role accounts for 30～40%, so, the New Winter Wheat Variety of cultivating resisting drought saving water, high yield, improving the grain yield contradiction day by day deficient with water resource to solve or to alleviate, is the effective way that develops high efficiency sustainable agriculture.
Traditional winter wheat Drought-resistant Breeding method is when paying attention to the drought resistance selection, the selection that has broken away from lodging resistance, disease resistance, yielding ability and yield stability, the winter wheat variety of seed selection under drought condition, often performance is not anti-fall under high water and fertilizer condition, disease resistance is poor, yield potentiality is low, stable yields not; And SOYBEAN IN HIGH-YIELD BREEDING disconnects with the resisting drought saving water breeding, and the winter wheat variety of seed selection usually shows again not drought resisting, easily early ageing under the high water and fertilizer condition.Face the practical problem that the day by day deficient contradiction of wheat yield and water resource and improving yield of wheat and resisting drought saving water disconnect, be badly in need of the Winter Wheat Breeding method of a kind of resisting drought saving water, the degeneration-resistant combination of high yield.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat so that the kind that selects not only the resisting drought saving water performance is outstanding, have simultaneously that yield potentiality is large, the characteristics of strong stress resistance.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat mainly may further comprise the steps: the apolegamy of A, excellent complementary parent material and hybridization: filter out excellent complementary parent material and hybridize from resisting drought saving water high yield Germplasms; Strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high are selected in B, directive breeding; Wherein said step B carries out according to following operation:
B-1, morning are for F
1-4Plant under high water and fertilizer condition for material, select yielding ability;
B-2, F
5In generation,, above advanced clones was got in duplicate, planted under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress respectively; F
5The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
6In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
5For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
6In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; F
6The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
7In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
6For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
7In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; Carry out by that analogy between the generation alternately plantation of floods and droughts, select strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B-1, F
1-4Plant under high water and fertilizer condition for material, its various excellent proterties and unfavorable proterties are given full expression to, emphasis is selected yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance, keeps multiple variation type as far as possible.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B-2, emphasis is selected morphological feature, resistance and the yield potentiality of material during high water and fertilizer condition plantation; Emphasis is selected the drought resisting yielding ability of material during the plantation of drought stress condition.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, described morphological feature mainly comprises plant type and the fringe type of material, and described resistance mainly comprises disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, after step B selects the high new lines of strong drought resistance, output, successively it is carried out following evaluation and cultivates operation: C, strain approval test; D, variety test of lines; E, province and national region adaptability are identified; F, variety certification; G, kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration; H, apply.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step C, described strain approval test is to carry out corresponding field plot test under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress, under high liquid manure dense planting condition, emphasis is selected plant type, fringe type, yield potentiality, disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material, under the drought stress condition, emphasis is heavy, disease-resistant to the drought resisting of material, heat-resisting, yielding ability, fecundity, grain, hot-dry wind tolerance is selected, and quality material is carried out attributional analysis.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step D, described variety test of lines is that strain among the step C is identified that the excellent material of performance further carries out drought resistance and output and identifies, carries out simultaneously Physiological Indices of Drought Resistance detection, Disease Resistance Identification, cold resistance evaluation and Quality Detection.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, in the step e, described province and national region adaptability are identified and are comprised preliminary experiment, regional test and production test, yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of the main identification of species of described regional test, and yield stability and the adaptability of kind under different culture techniques and ecological condition under the evaluation different year, select than contrast kind of volume increase more than 3～5%, the good kind of Comprehensive Traits.
As a kind of improvement technical scheme of the present invention, among the step G, described kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration mainly is that characteristics and the working condition for kind carries out the research of culture technique, carry out integrated to kind and culture technique, in the situation that near yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of Production of Large Fields at the planted in different ecological areas identification of species, provide scientific basis for applying.
The beneficial effect that adopts technique scheme to produce is: the present invention is under high water and fertilizer condition, each good variation proterties of germplasm materials is given full expression to, carry out the selection of emphasis proterties, kept multiple variation type, be conducive to selecting of the proterties such as yielding ability, disease resistance, lodging resistance; Select the drought resisting yielding ability under the drought stress condition, the selection of proterties such as utilizing high yield drought resistance, stalk toughness is arranged; Existing identical generation floods and droughts corresponding selection contrast, be connected up and down between having again from generation to generation and select relatively, output evaluation, drought resisting, degeneration-resistant, physiological detection and the multiple test of quality are carried out simultaneously, the transverse test comprehensive observing relatively, strengthen the selection dynamics, select excellent in excellent, multiple favourable proterties is taken into account simultaneously, the degeneration-resistant high-quality of winter wheat resisting drought saving water and high yield organically is combined, the kind that selects not only resisting drought saving water performance is outstanding, have simultaneously that yield potentiality is large, the characteristics of strong stress resistance, best in quality, suitable applying.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the circulation plantation figure of advanced clones among the embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is the circulation plantation figure of advanced clones among the embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is the circulation plantation figure of advanced clones among the embodiment 3.
Fig. 4 is the circulation plantation figure of advanced clones among the embodiment 4～8.
Embodiment
Following examples describe the present invention in detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat mainly may further comprise the steps:
A, filter out excellent complementary parent material from resisting drought saving water high yield Germplasms: weighing apparatus 84 sees 749 and weighing apparatus 87-4263, hybridizes;
B, directive breeding, select strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high:
B-1, generation: F early
1-4In generation, high water and fertilizer condition plantation gives full expression to each excellent proterties and unfavorable proterties, carries out the selection of emphasis proterties (yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance), keeps multiple variation type as far as possible; Wherein,
(1) F
1In generation: adopt 1 cun program request, only select good combination, the outstanding combination of shortcoming is eliminated in not menu strain; Crossing system is mainly single cross and reestablishes diplomatic relations, and backcrosses individually;
(2) F
2-3Generation: adopt 3 cun program requests, determine the advantage combination, advantage combination focal selection, to select individual plant as main, emphasis is that yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance are selected;
(3) F
4Generation: adopt 2 cun program requests, to select individual plant as main, be aided with the selection elite plant strain, main selection traits be stooling medium, become that fringe is more, about plant height 70cm, plant type is compact, blade is of moderate size, 45 ° of boot leaf angles, the fringe code is closeer, fecundity strong, full seed, thousand kernel weight are more high, anti-white powder, three rust, leaf is withered, line is withered, the red disease such as mould, and the ripe phase early, quality is better;
B-2, high generation: F
5-6Generation, 2 cun program requests, individual plant and strain are selected simultaneously; F
7And the 1 cun program request of above generation, being chosen as the master with strain, individual plant is chosen as auxiliary; F
5In generation,, above material was duplicate, the corresponding plantation of two kinds of conditions of high liquid manure and drought stress, emphasis is selected yield potentiality, disease resistance and lodging resistance under the high water and fertilizer condition, select the drought resisting yielding ability under the drought stress condition, the main proterties such as the high yield drought resistance is strong, stalk flexible of selecting, form is selected (plant type, fringe type) and F
4Similar; F
5Floods and droughts replaces F between the above generation in generation
5In generation,, the material selected of high water and fertilizer condition was at F
6For the plantation of drought stress condition, F
5The material of selecting for the drought stress condition is at F
6High water and fertilizer condition plantation of generation; F
6In generation,, the material selected of high water and fertilizer condition was at F
7For the plantation of drought stress condition, F
6The material of selecting for the drought stress condition is at F
7High water and fertilizer condition plantation of generation; By that analogy, the floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
10In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Referring to accompanying drawing 1, be the circulation plantation figure of advanced clones.
C, strain approval test: the corresponding field plot test of two kinds of conditions of high liquid manure and drought stress, mainly to height under the high liquid manure dense planting of the stability series condition, emphasis is selected plant type, fringe type, yield potentiality, disease resistance and lodging resistance, the drought stress condition is selected the drought resisting yielding ability, the proterties such as main select that drought resistance is strong, stalk flexible, fecundity are strong, the heavy high and disease resistance of grain is strong utilizes NIR Analysis and chemical analysis method to carry out attributional analysis simultaneously;
D, variety test of lines: the material of having outstanding performance in the seed materials approval test is further carried out drought resistance output identify, carry out simultaneously Physiological Indices of Drought Resistance detection, Disease Resistance Identification, cold resistance evaluation, Quality Detection, wherein,
(1) drought resistance output is identified: sufficient water, restrict water supply, three kinds of conditions of drought stress are corresponding naturally identifies and arid canopy simulation Identification of Drought combines, 3 repetitions are established in each processing, fully understand the characteristic of each each developmental stage of strain and last output and show;
(2) Physiological Indices of Drought Resistance detects: the Physiological Indices of Drought Resistances such as improving activity of root system, root amount, root number, root length, root surface area, leaf water potential, specific leaf weight, blade rate-of-loss of coolant, canopy surface temperature are measured;
(3) Disease Resistance Identification: Natural infection combines with connecing the dientification of bacteria, mainly the diseases such as powdery mildew, three rust (bar rust, leaf rust, stem rust), leaf blight, banded sclerotial blight and head blight is identified;
(4) cold resistance: the strange land, Zunhua, Hebei to the north of 40 ° of local Natural infection and the north latitude is identified and is combined;
(5) Quality Detection: utilize NIR Analysis and chemical analysis method to carry out attributional analysis, mainly to detecting crude protein, wet gluten, water absorption rate, sedimentation value, formation time and stabilization time;
Above step combines yield result with Physiology of Drought Resistance performance, disease resistance, cold resistance and Quality Detection result, to drought resisting yielding ability and the multiple evaluation and screening of resistance, strengthen selection dynamics and accuracy; In conjunction with result of the test overall merit pluses and minuses, select under the sufficient water condition that yield potentiality is high, strong stress resistance, the high yield of economizing on water under the condition of restricting water supply, drought resisting high yield under the drought stress condition, comprehensive strong stress resistance, the excellent strain that meets breeding objective and significantly surpass contrast kind best in quality;
E, province and national region adaptability are identified, comprise preliminary experiment, regional test and production test, wherein,
Regional test: yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of main identification of species, yield stability and the adaptability of identification of species different year under different culture techniques and ecological condition are selected than contrast kind of volume increase more than 3～5% the kind that Comprehensive Traits is good;
Production test: in the situation that near yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of Production of Large Fields at the planted in different ecological areas identification of species, carry out simultaneously experiment in cultivation, water saving production demonstration, adaptability evaluation;
(1) experiment in cultivation: according to breediness, a series of different dates of seeding, the amount of broadcasting are set, the cultivation managements such as (0 water, 1 water, 2 water, 3 water, 4 water, 45 sides/waterside) that applies fertilizer and water processes, and determines the best cultivation mode of kind;
(2) demonstration is produced in water saving: produce in the demonstration in large tracts of land, sufficient water (spring is watered 2-3 water) is set, restricts water supply (spring is watered 1 water) and the corresponding demonstration of three kinds of conditions of drought stress (not watering) the resisting drought saving water yielding ability of identification of species establishing in large scale;
(3) adaptability is identified: in planted in different ecological areas sufficient water (spring is watered 2-3 water) is set, restricts water supply (spring is watered 1 water) and the corresponding plantation of three kinds of condition large tracts of land of drought stress (not watering) resisting drought saving water yielding ability and adaptation zone under the identification of species different ecological condition;
F, variety certification;
G, kind and corresponding cultivation techniques production demonstration: mainly be that characteristics and working condition for kind carries out the research of culture technique, carry out integrated to kind and culture technique, in the situation that near yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of Production of Large Fields at the planted in different ecological areas identification of species, provide scientific basis for applying;
H, apply.
The breeding method of the present embodiment has been compared following advantage with traditional winter wheat breeding technique:
1, generation: F early
1-4In generation, high fertilizer, sufficient water condition give full expression to each good variation proterties, carry out the selection of emphasis proterties, keep multiple variation type as far as possible, are conducive to selecting of the proterties such as yielding ability, disease resistance, lodging resistance; And traditional Drought-resistant Breeding is planted under the single condition of restricting water supply, because the restriction of environmental condition, many genotype can not give full expression to, and easily lose the beneficial gene proterties;
2, high generation: F
5Replace corresponding selection for floods and droughts between above different generations, under sufficient water condition, mainly stooling, mature spike number, plant height, plant type, blade size, boot leaf angle, spike density, fecundity, grain plumpness, thousand kernel weight and ripe phase etc. are selected, resistance to lodging resistance, cold resistance, white powder, three rust, leaf is withered, line is withered, the red disease such as mould is selected; The condition of restricting water supply mainly heavily waits drought resisting water saving ability, hot-dry wind tolerance, quality, mature spike number, fringe grain and selects; Existing identical generation floods and droughts corresponding selection contrast has again to be connected up and down between the generation and selects relatively, and the resisting drought saving water high yield is degeneration-resistant to be taken into account simultaneously, the reinforcement selection pressure; And traditional single system of selection resisting drought saving water and high yield contact defective tightness often disconnects, and the high yielding variety of selecting usually shows not drought resisting, and drought-resistant variety high, not anti-fall, not high yield, non-stable yields of stalk often.
3, the multiple transverse test of excellent strain carries out simultaneously, and comprehensive observing relatively strengthens the selection dynamics, selects in excellent excellent:
(1) high liquid manure, restrict water supply, drought stress is identified naturally identifies and combine with arid rain-proof shelter simulation drought resistance, adaptability: under the excellent strain dense planting condition that program request is selected to offspring's thin planting, high liquid manure, restrict water supply, the corresponding plantation of three kinds of conditions of drought stress nature identifies.High water and fertilizer condition emphasis is identified yield potentiality, disease resistance and lodging resistance and is selected; The condition of restricting water supply is selected water saving yielding ability and resistance; Drought stress condition Natural infection is selected the drought resisting yielding ability, the proterties such as select mainly that drought resistance is strong, stalk flexible, fecundity are strong, the heavy high and disease resistance of grain is strong.Arid rain-proof shelter simulation Identification of Drought is established and is not watered, waters 1 water (limitting 1 water), waters 2 water, waters 3 water, measures the output under the different disposal, identifies the drought resistance of strain with this drought resistance coefficient method of innovating.
(2) Physiological Indices of Drought Resistance detects: the Physiological Indices of Drought Resistances such as root activity, root amount, root number, root length, root surface area, leaf water potential, specific leaf weight, blade rate-of-loss of coolant are measured.
(3) index of quality is measured: near infrared spectrometer and chemical method attributional analysis combine, mainly to detecting crude protein, wet gluten, water absorption rate, sedimentation value, formation time and stabilization time.
Embodiment 2
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: Ji 5418 and weighing apparatus 5041;
Among the step D-2, advanced clones floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
5In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 2.
Embodiment 3
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: weighing apparatus 94-4277 and weighing apparatus 4041;
Among the step D-2, advanced clones floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
6In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 3.
Embodiment 4
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Among the step D-2, advanced clones floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 5
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: Ji 5418 and weighing apparatus 5041;
Among the step D-2, advanced clones floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 6
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: Puyang 3665 and western Arnold;
Among the step D-2, advanced clones floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 7
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: No. 1, weighing apparatus 4119 and Shijiazhuang;
Among the step D-2, advanced clones floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 8
A kind of directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, the main difference of itself and embodiment 1 is:
Excellent complementary parent material in the steps A is: wheat 21//Handan, Ji wheat 36/ Shandong 5316, adopt the Crossing system of reestablishing diplomatic relations, and namely First Year Ji wheat 36 and Lu Mai 21 hybridization obtain F
1For seed, Second Year is hybridized with Handan 5316 again;
Among the step D-2, advanced clones floods and droughts alternate cycles is to F
7In generation, go out the garden, selects strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Its circular chart is referring to accompanying drawing 4.
The mill trial results demonstration, it is strong that the winter wheat variety that utilizes the above embodiment of the present invention to select all shows resisting drought saving water, and high yield is degeneration-resistant and wide suitable.
Wherein the wheat breed that selects of embodiment 1 has typical representativeness, not only output is high for it, strong drought resistance, and show widely adaptability, authorize (authorize number be " state examines wheat 2006010 ") by Hebei province authorization (authorization number be " wheat 2004003 is examined in the Ji ") and country; This kind has anti-fall, big panicle many grains per panicle of short stem, resisting drought saving water, stable high yield high-quality, strong adaptability, applied range, the characteristics such as yield potential is large, it is a special drought resisting high yielding variety type, broken through for a long time " drought resisting, water saving kind; tiller many, tassel is little, pole is high, blade is long narrow, the leaf look shallow, ear node is long, yields poorly, not drought resisting of large fringe kind of short stem " convention; Production test shows that it has following outstanding advantages:
1, water saving high yield, yield stability is good, has realized cost-saving synergistic
(1) output is high, resisting drought saving water is strong
6 years the Yellow River and Huai He River north of 2002-2007 sheet, the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet, 90 points of Tianjin district examination He Da district's production test. inferior, 79 volume increase, volume increase point rate is 87.8%, in 177 tested varieties, all occupy the forefront, per mu yield 498-682kg, average yield per mu 502.6kg is than the average volume increase 19.6% of contrast, the highest per mu yield 682kg.In the examination of country district and wide field trial, gather output and all occupy the 1st;
Production demonstration and the popularization (area of respectively demonstrating provides) of 2005-2008 various places, the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet wheat district's spring 1 water (45-50m
3/ mu) 450kg-500kg, about spring 2 water 550k, be up to 651kg, sheet does not water or the general per mu yield 550-600kg of spring 1 water in the Yellow River and Huai He River south, produce about the new wheat 18 volume increase 100kg of commercial seed the highest per mu yield 725kg (Xuchang, Zhumadian, Nanyang) than local.Under the Hubei of middle and lower reach of Yangtze River Xiangfan Area does not water situation, general per mu yield 525kg, the highest per mu yield 710kg.On the basis of water saving, realized high yield;
(2) yield stability is good
2004, many variety yields of Hebei province in 2006 and national region test multiple spot stability analysis, the new varieties coefficient of stability, kind fitness that the present embodiment is cultivated all are better than check variety, show that this kind is on the basis of high yield, have obvious high yield, Stability and adaptability under zones of different, different condition, thereby realized the target of transregional large scale application;
2, resistance, strong adaptability
Country specifies unit specialty resistance and adaptability to identify, the new varieties that the present embodiment is cultivated are except the performance resisting drought saving water, and it is disease-resistant, cold-resistant, anti-fall, hot-dry wind tolerance, anti growing out ability all show very outstanding;
(1) anti-multiple diseases
Professional accreditation: national disease-resistant evaluation in 2006 specifies unit-the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Plant Protection to connect the dientification of bacteria, to the stem rust immunity, slow leaf rust, in anti-banded sclerotial blight, in anti-white powder, bar rust and head blight;
6 years the Yellow River and Huai He River north of Natural infection: 2002-2007 sheet, the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet, the examination of Tianjin district and 90 points of wide field trial all show as immunity to high resistance to yellow rust; Leaf rust, line are withered, anti-to high resistance in the powdery mildew; Head blight is anti-in being;
(2) high resistant to lodging
Natural infection: 6 years 90 points. in the Demonstration And Extension of inferior regional test and 3 years, because this kind stalk short (68-75cm), the stem stalk is sturdy tough and tensile, lodging all do not occur, has showed high ability resistant to lodging;
(3) the anti-winter freezes and anti-spring coolness
Professional accreditation: country and Hebei province's cold resistance are identified unit-Zunhua national region experiment station qualification result: wintering rate 100%, and conclusion is: can be at the northern territory popularizing planting;
Natural infection: in the regional test in 6 years, the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet wintering rate is 97%; The Central-South Mai Qu in Ji and the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet wintering rate 98%, northern (Tianjin) wintering rate 95%; The demonstration in 4 years of 2005-2008, popularization reach Xiangfan, Hubei in the south, and north is to Beijing, and the anti-winter freezes, spring frost is all done well, all can safe overwintering;
(4) anti-later stage high temperature falls yellow good early maturity without senescence
Natural infection: in multiple years test, demonstration and the extension process, the anti-later stage high temperature of the new varieties outstanding behaviours that the present embodiment is cultivated, hot-dry wind tolerance ability are strong, fall yellow good full seed, early maturity without senescence, especially more obvious at the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet and Hubei Xiangfan Area high-temperature resistance;
(5) anti growing out
Natural infection: no matter this kind in the south in the many Anhui of wheat aging time rainfall, Jiangsu, Hubei, Henan, or in Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, the Shaanxi of arid, is tested for many years, demonstrates, promoted and fringe all do not occur and germinate; Cloudy weather for several days running weather appears during Handan in Hebei in 2008, Shijiazhuang, Baoding harvesting wheat, serious fringe germination has appearred in some larger kinds of popularizing area on producing, caused very large loss for peasant, seed distributors, and therefore the new varieties that the present embodiment is cultivated are not affected;
(6) the drought resisting index is high, strong drought resistance
Efficiency of water application is high, and the dehydration of the condition of restricting water supply lower blade is slow, and photosynthetic rate is high, and improving activity of root system is strong, and efficiency of water application 0,1,2 water are than contrast stone 4185 high 40.8%-13.1%; At the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet wheat district's spring 1 water 450-500kg, spring 2 water 550-600kg;
2004, Hebei province's drought resisting is identified and is specified unit---academy of agricultural sciences, Hebei province dry farming institute, the new varieties of under field nature and two kinds of environmental conditions of simulating drought the present embodiment being cultivated are identified, drought is processed: Natural infection per mu yield 308kg, than 4185 volume increase 9.7% of contrast stone, the arid canopy is identified per mu yield 211.6kg, than 4185 volume increase 9.6% and 11.45% of contrast stone, water treatment: per mu yield is respectively 507.14kg, 461.62kg, the drought resisting index is respectively 1.155 and 1.152, be one-level drought-resistant variety, strong drought resistance, increase yield significantly;
3, best in quality
The new varieties that the present embodiment is cultivated not only have the outstanding feature of water saving, high yield, stable yields, and best in quality; Detect through Hebei province and national Quality Detection mechanism, protein 15.18%, wet gluten 30.2%, sedimentation value 32.2ml, water absorption rate 61.6%, formation time 4.0min, stabilization time 4.4min, extension area 58cm2, the maximum anti-resistance 240E.U that prolongs.Its index of quality meets muscle wheat standard in the country, suits to cook dumpling, noodles special use.
4, strong adaptability
(1) to the water and fertilizer condition strong adaptability
Different cultivars liquid manure response characteristic difference is apparent in view, and some kinds are responsive to the liquid manure reaction, and what have is slow in reacting; It is better that general unresponsive kind resisting drought saving water is economized fertilizer; The new varieties that the present embodiment is cultivated are by under high fertilizer and medium fertility condition, 0,1,2,3 water Different irrigation Processing Test, no significant difference between fertile processing, the water treatment per mu yield is 357.2-464.4kg, moisture from more to less difference is less, belongs to liquid manure type slow in reacting;
(2) to different weathers and working condition strong adaptability
This kind under different weather model years, the different working conditions, all can reach higher yield level at the test of varieties in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain 6 years 9 provinces (city) and Demonstration And Extension widely;
(3) promoted extension is wide, and Regional suitability is strong, span is large
Wheat is regional very strong crop, the kind that the Yellow River and Huai He River the north is bred northern sheet (be that the Ji is Central-South, northwest in Shandong Province, south, Jinzhong City plantation maturation evening and not freeze proof; The Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet kind the aobvious various diseases of southern sheet plantation multilist seriously, not resistant to lodging and high temperature, be subjected to it to affect output lower, the kind of the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet is how not cold-resistant at northern sheet or northern plantation, the new varieties that the present embodiment is cultivated have possessed comprehensive resistance and eurytopicity, not only the Ji of suitable the Yellow River and Huai He River north sheet is Central-South, northwest in Shandong Province, south, Jinzhong City, all have outstanding High Yielding Heterosis under Xiangfan, Hubei of Henan, Wan Bei, northern Suzhou, Guanzhong，Shanxi and the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River of the Yellow River and Huai He River south sheet and the middle and high water and fertilizer condition in the ground such as Tianjin of northern Mai Qu, realized transregional application.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the Single restriction condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (1)
1. directed cultivation method for drought-resisting water-saving variety of winter wheat, its characterization step comprises:
The apolegamy of A, excellent complementary parent material and hybridization: from resisting drought saving water high yield Germplasms, filter out excellent complementary parent material and hybridize;
Strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high are selected in B, directive breeding; Specifically carry out according to following operation:
B-1, morning are for F
1-4Plant under high water and fertilizer condition for material, its various excellent proterties and unfavorable proterties are given full expression to, emphasis is selected yielding ability, disease resistance and lodging resistance, keeps multiple variation type as far as possible;
B-2, F
5In generation,, above advanced clones was got in duplicate, planted under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress respectively; F
5The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
6In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
5For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
6In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; F
6The material that generation is selected under the high water and fertilizer condition is at F
7In generation, carried out the plantation of drought stress condition, F
6For the material of selecting under the drought stress condition at F
7In generation, carried out high water and fertilizer condition plantation; Carry out by that analogy between the generation alternately plantation of floods and droughts, select strong drought resistance, new lines that output is high; Emphasis was selected morphological feature, resistance and the yield potentiality of material when wherein, high water and fertilizer condition was planted; Emphasis is selected the drought resisting yielding ability of material during the plantation of drought stress condition; Described morphological feature mainly comprises plant type and the fringe type of material, and described resistance mainly comprises disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material;
C, strain approval test: under high liquid manure and two kinds of conditions of drought stress, carry out corresponding field plot test, under high liquid manure dense planting condition, emphasis is selected plant type, fringe type, yield potentiality, disease resistance and the lodging resistance of material, under the drought stress condition, emphasis is heavy, disease-resistant to the drought resisting of material, heat-resisting, yielding ability, fecundity, grain, hot-dry wind tolerance is selected, and quality material is carried out attributional analysis;
D, variety test of lines: strain among the step C is identified that the excellent material of performance further carries out drought resistance and output and identifies, carry out simultaneously Physiological Indices of Drought Resistance detection, Disease Resistance Identification, cold resistance evaluation and Quality Detection;
E, province and national region adaptability are identified; Comprise preliminary experiment, regional test and production test; Yielding ability, resistance and the adaptability of the main identification of species of described regional test, and yield stability and the adaptability of kind under different culture techniques and ecological condition under the evaluation different year, select than contrast kind of volume increase more than 3～5%, the good kind of Comprehensive Traits.
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| CN111771713B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-10-25 | 江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所 | Wheat seed selection method under multi-stress condition |
| CN113728887A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-12-03 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Directional culture method of water-saving drought-resistant wheat |
| CN115039692A (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-13 | 宝鸡市农业科学研究院 | Method for breeding dry land wheat variety through crossing between paddy and dry land |
| CN116439126A (en) * | 2023-04-24 | 2023-07-18 | 安新县益农农业科技有限公司 | Cultivation method of large-grain large-spike wheat |
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