CN107980512B - Screening and evaluating method for high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat variety - Google Patents
Screening and evaluating method for high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a screening and evaluating method of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a test place; (2) selecting a test wheat variety; (3) setting planting conditions; (4) collecting yield data under the condition of planting the high-yield water and fertilizer management field; (5) managing yield data under the condition of field planting when water is deficient; (6) standardizing the output data; (7) measuring quality indexes; (8) standardizing quality indexes; (9) respectively determining and evaluating the weight values of indexes of the baking type variety and the cooking type variety according to an analytic hierarchy process; (10) and calculating the comprehensive evaluation score of all the tested baking varieties or calculating the comprehensive evaluation score of the steaming and boiling varieties. The method can comprehensively evaluate the high yield potential, stress resistance and food quality of wheat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a screening and evaluating method for a high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat variety.
Background
Wheat is the grain crop with the widest planting area in the world, and grains of the wheat are rich in starch, protein, fat, various mineral substances and vitamin B, have higher nutritional value and are the main grain sources of many countries in the world. China is one of the countries with the largest wheat production and highest consumption in the world, and the wheat planting area accounts for about 27% of the total grain planting area; the total yield accounts for about 22% of the total yield of the grains. With the increase of population and the development of social economy, the food demand in China is still in continuous rigid growth, the yield per unit is improved by means of technological progress, and the national food safety is ensured to be always an important and long-term strategic task in China. Meanwhile, the stress resistance of the wheat is increased under the influence of various adversity stresses in the growth process of the wheat, and the yield of the wheat under the adversity stresses is particularly important, so that the selection of a high-yield multi-resistance wheat variety is an important target in the breeding direction of the wheat. Meanwhile, with the improvement of the living standard of people, the demand of high-quality wheat is continuously increased, so that the people are required to be full and good. China focuses on the research of wheat quality from the last 80 th century, including quality breeding, quality cultivation and the like. With the development of quality breeding, a batch of high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties gradually appear, and important raw materials are provided for wheat processing quality improvement and flour processing enterprises. Meanwhile, the existing bred wheat focuses on processing quality or high yield performance of the wheat, and a unified evaluation method system for comprehensively evaluating the high yield potential, stress resistance and quality of the wheat is lacked. In the drought-resistant aspect of wheat CN201510643293.x, a drought-resistant wide-adaptability stable-yield wheat variety screening method is disclosed; CN201410778295.5 discloses a water-saving wheat variety identification and screening method. Meanwhile, in the aspect of wheat quality research, CN201510123489.6 discloses a method for rapidly evaluating wheat quality. However, the two patents of CN201510643293.x and CN201410778295.5 aim at the drought resistance or water-saving performance of wheat, and do not relate to the high-yield potential of high and small wheat, particularly the quality index of wheat; and CN201510123489.6 adopts a gluten peak value instrument to quickly predict the quality of wheat. Therefore, the method for establishing the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality evaluation system of the wheat can give full play to the high-yield potential and high-quality performance of the variety and provide variety support for the synergistic improvement of the yield and the quality of the wheat.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a screening and evaluating method of a high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat variety, which can comprehensively evaluate the high-yield potential, stress resistance and food quality and goodness of wheat.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a screening and evaluating method of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of test site
Selecting at least 5 test lands suitable for growth of strong and medium-strength wheat, wherein the organic matter content in soil plough layers of the test lands is more than or equal to 13g/kg, the total nitrogen content is more than or equal to 0.8g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is more than or equal to 15mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is more than or equal to 80 mg/kg;
(2) selection of wheat varieties to be tested
Selecting at least 10 varieties of strong, medium and strong gluten wheat suitable for local planting;
(3) planting conditions
Requiring setting high-yield water and fertilizer management fields and water shortage management fields;
managing field blocks with high yield of water and fertilizer, wherein the field blocks are required to be sown in full soil moisture, the water for pulling out and the water for booting the ears are filled, the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is calculated by nitrogen element, and the total nitrogen element amount is 14-17 kg/667m2Wherein 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the bottom before land preparation and sowing, and the rest 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by combining watering in the jointing stage; applying K as potassium fertilizer2O is measured and K is2The amount of O is 8-10 kg/667m2(ii) a Applying P as phosphorus fertilizer2O5Meter, P2O5The amount of the additive is 8-10 kg/667m2(ii) a The phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are all applied before land preparation and seeding;
managing the field blocks when the water is deficient, requiring full moisture sowing, and only irrigating and pulling water conservation or natural rainfall during the whole growth period; the dosage and the application method of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are the same as those of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field;
(4) yield data collection under high-yield water and fertilizer management field block planting condition
Harvesting wheat in a sample size of 4-6 square meters in each planting district under the planting condition of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field block, threshing, airing, weighing, and converting the water content into the actual yield according to 13%; taking the average grain yield of at least 3 times of repeated planting cells as the grain yield of the variety at the place, and counting the average yield Y1, the highest yield Y2, the lowest yield Y3 and the yield increase Y4 relative to the average yield of each test point of each variety at different places;
(5) yield data under water deficit management field block planting conditions
Harvesting wheat in a sample size of 4-6 square meters in each planting district under the condition of managing field block planting under the condition of water shortage, threshing, drying in the air, weighing, and converting the water content into actual yield according to 13%; taking the average grain yield of at least 3 repeated planting cells as the grain yield Y5 of the seeds under the condition of water deficiency of the site, and calculating the yield difference Y6 of each variety and the high-yield water and fertilizer management field under the planting condition;
(6) yield data normalization process
Respectively adopting a formula A of ((original data-minimum value)/(maximum value-minimum value)). 100 to carry out standardization treatment on the yield data in the step (4) and the step (5) until the average yield Y1s, the highest yield Y2s and the lowest yield Y3s of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field, the yield Y5s of the water loss management field and the yield difference Y6s of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field are obtained;
(7) quality index measurement
After the seeds harvested in the step (4) are stored for 2 months at room temperature, analyzing the parameter energy value E, extensibility Z, protein content P, gluten index G, dough stabilization time S, sedimentation value C and flour brightness L of the flour stretching instrument of the corresponding variety;
(8) quality index standardization process
And (3) carrying out standardization treatment on the energy, extensibility, protein content, dough stabilization time and sedimentation value data in the step (7) in a classification definition mode to obtain corresponding numerical energy Es, extensibility Zs, protein content Ps, stabilization time Ss and sedimentation value Cs of each index:
(a) the energy E is more than or equal to 90, more than 90 and more than 80, more than 80 and more than 65, more than 65 and more than 50, and less than 50, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(b) the extensibility is 180-Z more than or equal to 160, 160-Z more than or equal to 150 or 190-Z more than 180, 150-Z more than or equal to 140 or 200-Z more than 190, Z is other numerical values and is defined as 100,80,60 and 40 minutes in sequence;
(c) the protein content P is more than or equal to 14.0 percent, 14.0 percent is more than or equal to 13.5 percent, 13.5 percent is more than or equal to 13 percent, 13 percent is more than or equal to 12.5 percent, and P is less than 12.5 percent, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,70 and 30 in sequence;
(d) the dough stabilizing time S is more than or equal to 8, 8 is more than or equal to 6, 6 is more than or equal to 4.5, 4.5 is more than or equal to 3, and S is less than 3, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(e) the sedimentation value C is more than or equal to 40, 40 is more than or equal to 35, 35 is more than or equal to 30, 30 is more than or equal to 25, and C is less than 25, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(9) determining a hierarchical analysis structure model
(a) And establishing a hierarchical analysis structure model for screening and comprehensively evaluating the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties according to the correlation and membership of the measurement indexes, and referring to the figure 1 and the figure 2.
(b) And constructing a judgment matrix of each average index of the hierarchical structure model according to theories and practices such as the type of the target variety to be screened, the correlation among the quality indexes, the yield and quality collaborative optimization and the like. Taking the yield evaluation of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field as an example for explanation, an evaluation judgment section matrix is constructed according to the importance of each yield index of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field to evaluation scores, and the table 1 shows.
Table 1 evaluation and judgment matrix for high yield water and fertilizer management field block yield
(c) Computing matrices
And calculating eigenvectors 0.3038, 0.0732, 0.0689 and 0.5541 of the matrix as weight values of average yield, highest yield, lowest yield and yield increase rate respectively.
(d) By the same method, the weight value of the yield evaluation of the water shortage management field, the weight value of the baking quality evaluation, the weight value of the steaming quality evaluation, the comprehensive evaluation weight value of the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality baking type variety and the comprehensive evaluation weight value of the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality steaming type variety are sequentially calculated, and the weight values are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 high-yield, multi-resistance, high-quality baking-type variety layer index weight
TABLE 3 weight of each layer index for high-yield, multi-resistance and high-quality cooking type variety
(10) Calculating the yield score under the condition of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field according to a formula B1-0.3038Y 1s + 0.0732Y 2s + 0.0689Y 3s + 0.5541Y 4;
(11) calculating the yield score under the condition of water shortage management according to a formula B2 ═ 0.75 ═ Y5s +0.25 ═ 100-Y6s) ];
(12) calculating the quality score of the baked variety according to the formula B3 ═ 0.3614 ═ Es +0.0871 ═ Zs +0.081 ^ Ps +0.1326 ^ G +0.2153 ^ Ss +0.1226 ^ Cs);
(13) according to the formula
B4 ═ 0.2344 × Ss +0.2595 × L +0.081 × Ps +0.1697 × G +0.1129 × Zs +0.1424 × Cs, and the quality score of the cooked variety is calculated;
(14) according to the formula
B (h) ═ 0.239B 1+ 0.1376B 2+ 0.6234B 3, calculating the comprehensive evaluation scores of all the tested baked wheat varieties, and sorting the comprehensive evaluation scores of all the varieties B (h), wherein the variety with the serial number of 1/3 before all the tested varieties is a high-yield multi-resistance high-quality baked wheat variety;
(15) according to the formula B (z) ═ 0.239B 1+ 0.1376B 2+ 0.6234B 4, the comprehensive scores of the cooking varieties are calculated, all varieties B (z) are ranked according to the comprehensive scores, and the variety with the serial number of 1/3 before all the tested varieties is the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality cooking wheat variety.
According to the screening and evaluating method for the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat variety, the thickness of the soil plough layer of the test field in the step (1) is 2-20 cm.
According to the screening and evaluating method for the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties, the number of the test places in the step (1) is more than or equal to 8 test places suitable for planting the strong gluten and strong gluten wheat varieties.
According to the screening and evaluating method for the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties, the selection requirement of the wheat varieties in the step (2) is to select at least 15 wheat varieties which are suitable for being planted locally and are strong and strong in gluten.
According to the screening and evaluating method of the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat variety, a high-yield water and fertilizer management field test and a control water shortage management field test are set in the step (3).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can comprehensively evaluate the high-yield potential, stress resistance and quality characteristics of the wheat, and provides a method for comprehensively evaluating the high yield, multiple resistance and high quality of the wheat.
Description of the figures
FIG. 1 is a model of a comprehensive evaluation hierarchy of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality baked wheat varieties;
FIG. 2 is a hierarchical structure model for comprehensive evaluation of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality steamed wheat varieties.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention provides a screening and evaluating method of a high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat variety, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) design of experiments
2016 + 2017 test sites are selected from 5 test sites of Kaifeng, Yuanyang, Nanle, Xiping and Xihua, 31 test sites are selected for the reference species, the area of each test site is not less than 13 square meters, the test sites are repeated for 3 times, field management is performed by fertilizing and watering according to the high-yield water and fertilizer management field blocks, meanwhile, a water loss management field block comparison test is set at the test sites of the Yuanyang, and the test sites are repeated for 3 times;
(2) yield data collection
In the mature period, harvesting wheat in a sample size of 4 square meters in each cell, threshing, drying in the air, weighing, and converting the water content into the actual yield according to 13%; taking the average grain yield of the 3-time repeated planting cells as the grain yield of the variety at the place;
(3) high yield condition and yield data analysis of high yield water and fertilizer management field
Analyzing the yield data of each variety of the 5 test-point high-yield water and fertilizer management fields to obtain the average yield Y1, the highest yield Y2 and the lowest yield Y3 of each variety and the average yield increase Y4 of each variety relative to each test point under the condition of the 5 test-point high-yield water and fertilizer management fields as shown in the following table;
(4) yield analysis under water deficit management field conditions
(5) Production data normalization
The data in table 4 and table 5 are respectively normalized by adopting a formula A of ((original data-minimum value)/(maximum value-minimum value)) × 100, and the average yield Y1s, the maximum yield Y2s and the minimum yield Y3s of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field are obtained; and the yield of the management field block is Y5s when the water is deficient, and the difference between the yield of the management field block and the yield of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field block is Y6s when the water is deficient;
(6) quality index measurement
After the seeds harvested in the step (2) are stored for 2 months at room temperature, analyzing the parameter energy value E, extensibility Z, protein content P, gluten index G, dough stabilization time S, sedimentation value C and flour brightness L of the flour stretching instrument of the corresponding variety;
(7) quality index standardization process
And (3) carrying out standardization treatment on the energy, extensibility, protein content, dough stabilization time and sedimentation value data in the step (6) in a classification definition mode to obtain energy Es, extensibility Zs, protein content Ps, stabilization time Ss and sedimentation value Cs:
(a) the energy E is more than or equal to 90, more than 90 and more than 80, more than 80 and more than 65, more than 65 and more than 50, and less than 50, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(b) the extensibility is 180 ≥ Z ≥ 160, 160 ≥ Z ≥ 150 or 190 ≥ Z > 180, 150 ≥ Z ≥ 140 or 200 ≥ Z > 190, and others are defined by 100,80,60,40 minutes in sequence.
(c) The protein content P is more than or equal to 14.0 percent, 14.0 percent is more than or equal to 13.5 percent, 13.5 percent is more than or equal to 13 percent, 13 percent is more than or equal to 12.5 percent, and P is less than 12.5 percent, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,70 and 30 in sequence;
(d) the dough stabilizing time S is more than or equal to 8, 8 is more than or equal to 6, 6 is more than or equal to 4.5, 4.5 is more than or equal to 3, and S is less than 3, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(e) the sedimentation value C is more than or equal to 40, 40 is more than or equal to 35, 35 is more than or equal to 30, 30 is more than or equal to 25, and C is less than 25, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(8) calculating the yield score under the condition of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field according to a formula B1-0.3038Y 1s + 0.0732Y 2s + 0.0689Y 3s + 0.5541Y 4; see table 6;
(9) calculating the yield of the management field block according to a formula B2 of [ 0.75Y 5s +0.25 (100-Y6s) ], and obtaining a table 5;
(10) calculating the quality score of the baked variety according to the formula B3-0.3614 Es +0.0871 Zs +0.081 Ps + 0.1326G +0.2153 Ss +0.1226 Cs), and the score is shown in Table 6;
(11) according to the formula
B (h) ═ 0.239 × B1+0.1376 × B2+0.6234 × B3, the total score of all the test baked varieties evaluated is calculated, see table 6;
(12) according to the ranking of the evaluation scores of the varieties of the baked wheat in the table 6, the top 10 varieties are Zheng wheat 366, Fengdu No. 5, Zhou wheat 30, Bainong 419, Zhou wheat 32, Xinong 979, Zhou wheat 36, Xin wheat 26, Ping An 11 and Zheng wheat 369, which indicates that the 10 varieties are screened high-yield multi-resistance high-quality baked wheat varieties.
(13) According to the formula
B4 ═ 0.2344 × Ss +0.2595 × L +0.081 × Ps +0.1697 × G +0.1129 × Zs +0.1424 × Cs, and the quality score of the cooked variety is calculated;
(14) calculating the comprehensive score of the cooking varieties according to the formula B (z) 0.239B 1+ 0.1376B 2+ 0.6234B 4, which is shown in Table 7;
(15) according to the comprehensive grading and sorting of various cooking varieties in the table 7, the varieties with the top 10 are Zheng wheat 366, Yu wheat 158, Zhou wheat 30, Fengdu No. 5, Zhou wheat 36, Xin wheat 26, Bai nong 419, Xinong 979, Zhou wheat 32 and Zheng wheat 369, which shows that the 10 varieties are screened high-yield multi-resistance high-quality cooking wheat varieties.
Example 2
(1) Design of experiments
2016-year 2017 test sites are selected from 6 test sites of Shangshi, xuchang, Qiqi county, naphaline, Luoyang and Shangqin, and 31 varieties are obtained. The area of each test point cell is not less than 13 square meters, the test points are repeated for 3 times, and field management is performed according to the high-yield moisture management field blocks for fertilizing and watering. Meanwhile, a water loss management field test is set in a commercial dune, and the test is repeated for 3 times.
(2) Yield data collection
In the mature period, harvesting wheat in a sample size of 4 square meters in each cell, threshing, drying in the air, weighing, and converting the water content into the actual yield according to 13%; taking the average grain yield of the 3-time repeated planting cells as the grain yield of the variety at the place;
(3) high yield condition yield data analysis
Analyzing the yield data of each variety of the 6 test-point high-yield water and fertilizer management fields to obtain the average yield Y1, the highest yield Y2 and the lowest yield Y3 of each variety under the 6 test-point high-yield water and fertilizer conditions and the yield increase rate Y4 relative to the average yield of each test point, which is shown in the following table 8;
(4) water deficit management field block yield analysis
(5) Production data normalization
Data in table 8 and table 9 are expressed by the formula a ═ ((original data-minimum)/(maximum-minimum))
Performing standardization treatment on 100 to obtain the average yield Y1s, the highest yield Y2s and the lowest yield Y3s of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field; the yield of the management field with water deficiency is Y5s, and the yield difference between the management field with water deficiency and the high-yield water and fertilizer management field is Y6 s;
(6) quality index measurement
After the seeds harvested in the step (2) are stored for 2 months at room temperature, analyzing the parameter energy value E, extensibility Z, protein content P, gluten index G, dough stabilization time S, sedimentation value C and flour brightness L of the flour stretching instrument of the corresponding variety;
(7) quality index standardization process
And (3) carrying out standardization treatment on the energy, extensibility, protein content, dough stabilization time and sedimentation value data in the step (6) in a classification definition mode to obtain energy Es, extensibility Zs, protein content Ps, stabilization time Ss and sedimentation value Cs:
(a) the energy E is more than or equal to 90, more than 90 and more than 80, more than 80 and more than 65, more than 65 and more than 50, and less than 50, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(b) the extensibility is 180-Z.gtoreq.160, 160-Z.gtoreq.150 or 190-Z.gtoreq.180, 150-Z.gtoreq.140 or 200-Z.gtoreq.190, Z is other numerical values and is defined by 100,80,60 and 40 minutes in sequence.
(c) The protein content P is more than or equal to 14.0 percent, 14.0 percent is more than or equal to 13.5 percent, 13.5 percent is more than or equal to 13 percent, 13 percent is more than or equal to 12.5 percent, and P is less than 12.5 percent, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,70 and 30 in sequence;
(d) the dough stabilizing time S is more than or equal to 8, 8 is more than or equal to 6, 6 is more than or equal to 4.5, 4.5 is more than or equal to 3, and S is less than 3, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(e) the sedimentation value C is more than or equal to 40, 40 is more than or equal to 35, 35 is more than or equal to 30, 30 is more than or equal to 25, and C is less than 25, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(8) calculating the yield score under the high-yield water and fertilizer management field according to a formula B1-0.3038Y 1s + 0.0732Y 2s + 0.0689Y 3s + 0.5541Y 4; see table 10;
(9) calculating the yield under the management field due to water shortage according to a formula B2 of [ 0.75Y 5s +0.25 (100-Y6s) ];
(10) calculating the quality score of the baked variety according to the formula B3-0.3614 Es +0.0871 Zs +0.081 Ps + 0.1326G +0.2153 Ss +0.1226 Cs), and the score is shown in Table 10;
(11) according to the formula
B (h) ═ 0.239 × B1+0.1376 × B2+0.6234 × B3, the total score of all the test baked varieties was calculated, see table 10;
(12) according to the ranking of the evaluation scores of the various varieties of baking, the top 10 varieties are Bainong 419, New wheat 26, Pingan 11, Zhongmai 36, Fengdu Zheng Mai No. 5, Zhengmai 369, Zhengmai 366, Zhongmai 30, Zhongmai 32 and Xinong 979. The 10 varieties are screened high-yield multi-resistance high-quality baking wheat varieties.
(13) According to the formula
B4 ═ 0.2344 Ss + 0.2595L +0.081 Ps + 0.1697G +0.1129 Zs +0.1424 Cs, and the quality scores of the cooked varieties were calculated, as shown in table 11;
(14) calculating the comprehensive score of the cooking varieties according to the formula B (z) 0.239B 1+ 0.1376B 2+ 0.6234B 4, which is shown in Table 11;
(15) according to the comprehensive grading and sorting of various cooking varieties in the table 11, the top 10 varieties are Bainong 419, New wheat 26, Zhou wheat 36, Ping' an 11, Fengdu No. 5, Zheng wheat 369, Zheng wheat 366, Zhou wheat 32, Zhou wheat 30 and Xinong 979, which indicates that the 10 varieties are screened high-yield multi-resistance high-quality cooking wheat varieties.
In example 1, through 5 test points, the screened high-yield multi-resistance baked wheat varieties are Zheng wheat 366, Fengdu No. 5, Zhongmai 30, Bainong 419, Zhongmai 32, Xinong 979, Zhongmai 36, Xinmai 26, Ping' an 11 and Zheng wheat 369. In example 2, through 6 test points, the selected multi-resistant torrefying wheat varieties are Bainong 419, New wheat 26, Pingan 11, Zhongmai 36, Fengdu Damai No. 5, Zhengmai 369, Zhengmai 366, Zhongmai 30, Zhongmai 32 and Xinong 979. Although the specific comprehensive scores of the screened 10 wheat varieties in the tests I and II are different and the specific ranking names are slightly different, the 10 wheat varieties meet the requirement that the ranks of the referred varieties are 1/3 before, and the varieties screened in the 2 tests are completely the same, so that the 2 implementation results mutually verify and prove the effectiveness of the screening method.
The high-yield multi-resistance high-quality steamed wheat variety screened in the test I is Zheng wheat 366, Yu wheat 158, Zhou wheat 30, Fengde No. 5, Zhou wheat 36, Xin wheat 26, Bai nong 419, Xinong 979, Zhou wheat 32 and Zheng wheat 369; the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality steamed wheat varieties screened in the test II are Bainong 419, New wheat 26, Zhongmai 36, Pingan 11, Fengdu No. 5, Zhengmai 369, Zhengmai 366, Zhongmai 32, Zhongmai 30 and Xinong 979. Wherein 9 varieties of Bainong 419, New wheat 26, Zhongmai 36, Fengdu No. 5, Zhengmai 369, Zhengmai 366, Zhongmai 32, Zhongmai 30 and Xinong 979 are screened out in two tests, the similarity reaches 90%, and the effectiveness of the method is proved. Meanwhile, Yumai 158 screened in the test I is ranked 14 in the test II, while Pingan 11 screened in the test II is ranked 11 in the test I, which is only second to the first 10 varieties, so that the feasibility of the method is also proved.
Claims (5)
1. A screening and evaluating method for high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selection of test site
Selecting at least 5 test lands suitable for growth of strong and medium-strength wheat, wherein the organic matter content in soil plough layers of the test lands is more than or equal to 13g/kg, the total nitrogen content is more than or equal to 0.8g/kg, the effective phosphorus content is more than or equal to 15mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium content is more than or equal to 80 mg/kg;
(2) selection of wheat varieties to be tested
Selecting at least 10 varieties of strong, medium and medium gluten wheat suitable for local planting;
(3) planting conditions
Requiring setting high-yield water and fertilizer management fields and water shortage management fields;
high yield of water and fertilizer, and sufficient soil moistureSowing, irrigating the jointing water and the booting water, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is calculated by nitrogen element, and the total nitrogen element amount is 14-17 kg/667m2Wherein 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied at the bottom before land preparation and sowing, and the rest 50% of the nitrogen fertilizer is applied by combining watering in the jointing stage; applying K as potassium fertilizer2O is measured and K is2The amount of O is 8-10 kg/667m2(ii) a Applying P as phosphorus fertilizer2O5Meter, P2O5The amount of the additive is 8-10 kg/667m2(ii) a The phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are all applied before land preparation and seeding;
managing the field blocks when the water is deficient, requiring full moisture sowing, and only irrigating and pulling water conservation or natural rainfall during the whole growth period; the dosage and the application method of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are the same as those of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field;
(4) yield data collection under high-yield water and fertilizer management field block planting condition
Harvesting wheat in a sample size of 4-6 square meters in each planting district under the planting condition of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field block, threshing, airing, weighing, and converting the water content into the actual yield according to 13%; taking the average grain yield of at least 3 times of repeated planting cells as the grain yield of the variety at the place, and counting the average yield Y1, the highest yield Y2, the lowest yield Y3 and the yield increase Y4 relative to the average yield of each test point of each variety at different places;
(5) yield data under water deficit management field block planting conditions
Harvesting wheat in a sample size of 4-6 square meters in each planting district under the condition of managing field block planting under the condition of water shortage, threshing, drying in the air, weighing, and converting the water content into actual yield according to 13%; taking the average grain yield of at least 3 repeated planting cells as the grain yield Y5 of the management field variety with water shortage at the place, and calculating the yield difference Y6 between each variety and the high-yield water and fertilizer management field under the planting condition;
(6) yield data normalization process
Performing standardization processing on the yield data in the steps (4) and (5) by adopting a formula A of ((original data-minimum value)/(maximum value-minimum value)). 100 to obtain the average yield Y1s, the highest yield Y2s, the lowest yield Y3s and the yield Y5s of a high-yield water and fertilizer management field, wherein the yield difference Y6s between the water-loss management field and the high-yield water and fertilizer management field is obtained;
(7) quality index measurement
After the seeds harvested in the step (4) are stored for 2 months at room temperature, analyzing the parameter energy value E, extensibility Z, protein content P, gluten index G, dough stabilization time S, sedimentation value C and flour brightness L of the corresponding variety of flour stretchers;
(8) quality index standardization process
And (3) carrying out standardization treatment on the energy, extensibility, protein content, dough stabilization time and sedimentation value data in the step (7) in a classification definition mode to obtain energy Es, extensibility Zs, protein content Ps, stabilization time Ss and sedimentation value Cs:
(a) the energy E is more than or equal to 90, more than 90 and more than 80, more than 80 and more than 65, more than 65 and more than 50, and less than 50, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(b) the extensibility is 180-Z more than or equal to 160, 160-Z more than or equal to 150 or 190-Z more than 180, 150-Z more than or equal to 140 or 200-Z more than 190, Z is other numerical values and is respectively defined as 100,80,60 and 40 minutes in sequence;
(c) the protein content P is more than or equal to 14.0 percent, 14.0 percent is more than or equal to 13.5 percent, 13.5 percent is more than or equal to 13 percent, 13 percent is more than or equal to 12.5 percent, and P is less than 12.5 percent, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,70 and 30 in sequence;
(d) the dough stabilizing time S is more than or equal to 8, 8 is more than or equal to 6, 6 is more than or equal to 4.5, 4.5 is more than or equal to 3, and S is less than 3, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(e) the sedimentation value C is more than or equal to 40, 40 is more than or equal to 35, 35 is more than or equal to 30, 30 is more than or equal to 25, and C is less than 25, and the values are defined as 100,90,80,50 and 30 minutes in sequence;
(9) respectively determining and evaluating the weight values of indexes of the baking type variety and the cooking type variety according to an analytic hierarchy process;
TABLE 1 index weights for various layers of baked goods
TABLE 2 weight of index for each layer of cooking type
(10) Calculating the yield score under the condition of the high-yield water and fertilizer management field according to a formula B1-0.3038Y 1s + 0.0732Y 2s + 0.0689Y 3s + 0.5541Y 4;
(11) calculating the yield score under the condition of water shortage management according to a formula B2 ═ 0.75 ═ Y5s +0.25 ═ 100-Y6s) ];
(12) according to the formula
B3 ═ 0.3614 Es +0.0871 Zs +0.081 Ps + 0.1326G +0.2153 Ss +0.1226 Cs), the baked item quality score was calculated;
(13) according to the formula
B4 ═ 0.2344 × Ss +0.2595 × L +0.081 × Ps +0.1698 × G +0.1129 × Zs +0.1424 × Cs, and the quality score of the cooked variety is calculated;
(14) according to the formula
B (h) ═ 0.239B 1+ 0.1376B 2+ 0.6234B 3, calculating the comprehensive evaluation scores of all the tested baked wheat varieties, and sorting the comprehensive evaluation scores of all the varieties B (h), wherein the variety with the serial number of 1/3 before all the tested varieties is a high-yield multi-resistance high-quality baked wheat variety;
(15) according to the formula B (z) ═ 0.239B 1+ 0.1376B 2+ 0.6234B 4, the comprehensive scores of the cooking varieties are calculated, all varieties B (z) are ranked according to the comprehensive scores, and the variety with the serial number of 1/3 before all the tested varieties is the high-yield multi-resistance high-quality cooking wheat variety.
2. The screening and evaluation method of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the soil plough layer of the test land in the step (1) is 2-20 cm.
3. The screening and evaluation method of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selection number of the test places in the step (1) is more than or equal to 8 test places suitable for planting the strong and strong gluten wheat varieties.
4. The screening and evaluation method of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: the selection requirement of the wheat variety in the step (2) is to select at least 15 wheat varieties with medium gluten, medium gluten and strong gluten which are suitable for local planting.
5. The screening and evaluation method of high-yield multi-resistance high-quality wheat varieties according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) setting a high-yield water and fertilizer management field test and a control water shortage management field test.
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