CN113656958A - Shade-tolerant soybean germplasm screening and identifying method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a screening and identifying method of shade-tolerant soybean germplasm, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) adopting a pot culture method to sow soybeans, and after emergence of seedlings, keeping healthy and strengthening the seedlings; (2) after seedling emergence for 25-30 days, natural illumination treatment and shading treatment are carried out until the seedlings are mature; (3) after the soybeans are mature, the number of main stem nodes, the number of branches, the internode length, the lodging resistance, the number of single plant pods, the hundred-grain weight and the single plant grain weight of natural light treatment and shading treatment are measured respectively, and the shading resistance coefficient of each character index, the membership function value of each comprehensive index, the weight of each comprehensive index and the comprehensive shading resistance evaluation value of each variety are calculated. The invention relates to a breeding target of shade-tolerant soybeans, and carries out identification, heredity and improvement research on specific germplasm in the aspects of characters such as main stem node number, branch number, internode length, lodging resistance, single plant pod number, hundred grain weight, single plant grain weight and the like, thereby laying a good foundation for screening shade-tolerant soybean germplasm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soybean screening, in particular to a screening and identifying method for shade-tolerant soybean germplasm.
Background
Soybean is the main source of plant protein, and is one of the crops that can not be ignored in all countries of the world as a high-quality protein food for preparing grains and balancing nutrition. In the 60 s of the 20 th century, the food and agriculture organization of the united nations called the world's expansion of planting and utilization of soybeans as the most elegant crop for solving the human nutrition deficiency. China is the hometown of soybeans, and has been a world-wide soybean production and export country before the 50 th 20 th century, but in recent years, in the face of the impact of massive crops such as corn, rice and the like with strong domestic development momentum and a large number of imported soybeans abroad, the planting area is continuously reduced, and the bean planting enthusiasm of farmers is reduced. The soybean cultivation in China has long history, wide distribution, multiple purposes, various multiple cropping systems and complex ecological environment, and forms rich genetic types, corresponding specific germplasms and special cultivation modes.
Shade tolerance refers to the ability of a tree species to tolerate shade, i.e., to complete its normal growth and development under the condition of shade, and is a genetic trait that varies from tree species to tree species. The shade tolerance is an extremely important ecological characteristic of the tree species, and not only directly reflects the adaptability of the tree species to the illumination intensity, but also reflects the adaptability of the tree species to other environmental factors, such as strong adaptability of positive tree species, relatively barren and drought resistance, but the shade-tolerant tree species favors fertilizer, humidity, is not drought-tolerant and is barren and relatively weak in adaptability. The implementation of various measures in forestry needs to consider the shade tolerance of tree species from seedling culture to main felling. Researches show that the shade tolerance of the soybeans is an important ecological index for high and stable yield of the intercropped and interplanted soybeans. The method is an effective way for improving the utilization rate of land resources and solving the contradiction of more people and less land by researching and utilizing the shade tolerance of plants and selecting and planting crops with different shade tolerances; is the theoretical basis for improving the utilization rate of plant light energy and the productivity of land in unit area.
The relation between a plurality of characters and shade tolerance of the soybeans is researched under intercropping planting conditions of Liangmu service and the like in China, and the result shows that the shade tolerance of the soybeans is related to more than 10 characters such as pod bearing habit and the like. The variation of the characters of different soybean varieties under the intercropping of soybeans and corns is researched by Liangzheng, and the result shows that the character variation of the shade-intolerant soybean variety is larger than that of the shade-tolerant variety. Studies of Chen Huazhu and the like show that 8 individual characteristics such as pod bearing period plant height, harvest period plant height, minimum pod bearing height, pod bearing period biological yield, single plant pod number, single plant grain number, single plant yield, hundred grain weight and the like have obvious variation under the shading condition, the variation degree is extremely obviously related to the shading degree, and the shading resistance identification level is divided into five grades. Cany ytterbium and the like research more than 8000 parts of soybean germplasm resources in south China, and identify a series of characters of each resource in aspects of growth, development, morphological characteristics and the like one by one.
Because the existing method is lack of understanding of the shade-tolerant genetic mechanism of the soybean, the rich soybean germplasm resources in China cannot be fully utilized, more new soybean varieties suitable for intercropping planting are cultivated, and the development of the soybean production in China is hindered.
Therefore, how to develop a screening and identifying method for shade-tolerant soybean germplasm is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for screening and identifying germplasm of shade-tolerant soybeans, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a screening and identifying method for shade-tolerant soybean germplasm specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) adopting a pot culture method to sow soybeans, and after emergence of seedlings, keeping healthy and strengthening the seedlings;
(2) after seedling emergence for 25-30 days, natural illumination treatment and shading treatment are carried out until the seedlings are mature;
(3) after the soybeans are mature, the number of main stem nodes, the number of branches, the internode length, the lodging resistance, the number of single plant pods, the hundred-grain weight and the single plant grain weight of natural light treatment and shading treatment are measured respectively, and the shading resistance coefficient of each character index, the membership function value of each comprehensive index, the weight of each comprehensive index and the comprehensive shading resistance evaluation value of each variety are calculated.
The method has the beneficial effects that the identification, heredity and improvement research of specific germplasm in the aspects of characters such as main stem node number, branch number, internode length, lodging resistance, single plant pod number, hundred grain weight, single plant grain weight and the like are carried out around the breeding target of the shade-resistant soybean, and a good foundation is laid for screening the shade-resistant soybean germplasm.
Further, in the step (1), the seeding amount of the soybeans is 3-5 grains per pot; the number of healthy strong seedlings is 2.
The technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the seeding and the health care are adopted to strengthen the seedlings, so that the natural illumination treatment and the shading treatment in the later period are facilitated.
Further, in the step (2), the shading treatment specifically includes: and (3) shading by using a knitted nylon net with the extinction ratio of 40-50%.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that the selected knitted nylon net has the characteristics of high toughness, good elasticity, corrosion resistance, oil resistance, water resistance, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, excellent weather resistance and the like.
Further, in the step (3), a calculation formula of a Shade Tolerance Coefficient (STC) of each property index is as follows: STC is a shading property value/natural light treatment property value.
The further technical scheme has the beneficial effects that through analyzing the correlation coefficient matrix among different character shading coefficients, the shading coefficients of each single character have certain degree of correlation, so that the information provided by the shading coefficients of each single character is overlapped, the shading performance of the soybean is the comprehensive performance of multiple characters, and a multivariate statistical method is required to be used for carrying out accurate and comprehensive identification.
Further, in the step (3), the calculation formula of the membership function value of each comprehensive index is as follows: u (X)j)＝(Xj-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin) (ii) a Wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; xjDenotes the jth index, XmaxDenotes the maximum value of the jth index, XminRepresents the minimum value of the jth composite index.
Further, in the step (3), the calculation formula of the weight of each comprehensive index is:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; w is ajRepresenting the importance degree, namely the weight, of the jth comprehensive index in all the comprehensive indexes; p is a radical ofjThe contribution rate of the jth comprehensive index of each variety.
Further, in the step (3), the calculation formula of the comprehensive shade-resistance evaluation value of each variety is:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; d value is a comprehensive evaluation value of the shading resistance obtained by evaluating the comprehensive indexes of various varieties under the shading stress condition; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; w is ajRepresents the importance degree, i.e. the weight, of the jth composite index in all composite indexes.
The main component analysis can convert a plurality of original correlated single indexes into a few new and independent comprehensive indexes in the multivariate analysis process, determine the weight of each new comprehensive index, further calculate each comprehensive index evaluation value (D value) by using a mathematical fuzzy membership function analysis method, and can objectively reflect the shade tolerance of each variety (system).
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts a potted plant shading treatment method, shading treatment is carried out by adopting a knitted nylon net with the extinction ratio of 40% -50% after soybean emergence for 25-30 days until the soybean is mature, the shading stress environment of corns at the later stage of soybean growth under a corn-soybean intercropping mode is simulated, and scientific and efficient shading identification indexes are determined according to a shading mathematical evaluation model by calculating shading comprehensive evaluation values of different soybean germplasm resources, so that a reference basis is provided for excavation and innovation of the soybean shading germplasm resources.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The shade-tolerant soybean germplasm screening and identifying method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 3 grains/pot of soybeans are sown by a pot culture method, and 2 plants of healthy strong seedlings are planted after emergence of seedlings;
(2) after seedling emergence for 25 days, natural illumination treatment and shading treatment are carried out until the seedlings are mature;
wherein, the shading treatment specifically comprises the following steps: shading by using a knitted nylon net with the extinction rate of 40%;
(3) after the soybeans are mature, respectively measuring the number of main stem nodes, the number of branches, the internode length, the lodging resistance, the number of single plant pods, the hundred-grain weight and the single plant grain weight of natural illumination treatment and shading treatment, and calculating the shading coefficient of each character index, the membership function value of each comprehensive index, the weight of each comprehensive index and the comprehensive shading evaluation value of each variety;
wherein, the calculation formula of the shade tolerance coefficient of each character index is as follows: STC is shading treatment property value/natural illumination treatment property value;
the calculation formula of the membership function value of each comprehensive index is as follows: u (X)j)＝(Xj-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin) (ii) a Wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; xjDenotes the jth index, XmaxDenotes the maximum value of the jth index, XminRepresents the minimum value of the jth comprehensive index;
the calculation formula of the weight of each comprehensive index is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; w is ajRepresenting the importance degree, namely the weight, of the jth comprehensive index in all the comprehensive indexes; p is a radical ofjThe contribution rate of the jth comprehensive index of each variety;
the calculation formula of the comprehensive shade-resistant evaluation value of each variety is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; d value is a comprehensive evaluation value of the shading resistance obtained by evaluating the comprehensive indexes of various varieties under the shading stress condition; u (X)j) Membership function representing jth synthetic indexA value; w is ajRepresents the importance degree, i.e. the weight, of the jth composite index in all composite indexes.
Example 2
The shade-tolerant soybean germplasm screening and identifying method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 4 grains/pot of soybeans are sown by a pot culture method, and 2 plants of healthy strong seedlings are planted after emergence of seedlings;
(2) after seedling emergence for 28 days, natural illumination treatment and shading treatment are carried out until the seedlings are mature;
wherein, the shading treatment specifically comprises the following steps: shading by adopting a knitted nylon net with the extinction rate of 45%;
(3) after the soybeans are mature, respectively measuring the number of main stem nodes, the number of branches, the internode length, the lodging resistance, the number of single plant pods, the hundred-grain weight and the single plant grain weight of natural illumination treatment and shading treatment, and calculating the shading coefficient of each character index, the membership function value of each comprehensive index, the weight of each comprehensive index and the comprehensive shading evaluation value of each variety;
wherein, the calculation formula of the shade tolerance coefficient of each character index is as follows: STC is shading treatment property value/natural illumination treatment property value;
the calculation formula of the membership function value of each comprehensive index is as follows: u (X)j)＝(Xj-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin) (ii) a Wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; xjDenotes the jth index, XmaxDenotes the maximum value of the jth index, XminRepresents the minimum value of the jth comprehensive index;
the calculation formula of the weight of each comprehensive index is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; w is ajRepresenting the importance degree, namely the weight, of the jth comprehensive index in all the comprehensive indexes; p is a radical ofjThe contribution rate of the jth comprehensive index of each variety;
the calculation formula of the comprehensive shade-resistant evaluation value of each variety is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; d value is a comprehensive evaluation value of the shading resistance obtained by evaluating the comprehensive indexes of various varieties under the shading stress condition; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; w is ajRepresents the importance degree, i.e. the weight, of the jth composite index in all composite indexes.
Example 3
The shade-tolerant soybean germplasm screening and identifying method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 5 grains/pot of soybeans are sown by a pot culture method, and 2 plants of healthy strong seedlings are planted after emergence of seedlings;
(2) after 30 days of seedling emergence, natural illumination treatment and shading treatment are carried out until the seedlings are mature;
wherein, the shading treatment specifically comprises the following steps: shading by adopting a knitted nylon net with the extinction ratio of 50%;
(3) after the soybeans are mature, respectively measuring the number of main stem nodes, the number of branches, the internode length, the lodging resistance, the number of single plant pods, the hundred-grain weight and the single plant grain weight of natural illumination treatment and shading treatment, and calculating the shading coefficient of each character index, the membership function value of each comprehensive index, the weight of each comprehensive index and the comprehensive shading evaluation value of each variety;
wherein, the calculation formula of the shade tolerance coefficient of each character index is as follows: STC is shading treatment property value/natural illumination treatment property value;
the calculation formula of the membership function value of each comprehensive index is as follows: u (X)j)＝(Xj-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin) (ii) a Wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; xjDenotes the jth index, XmaxDenotes the maximum value of the jth index, XminRepresents the minimum value of the jth comprehensive index;
the calculation formula of the weight of each comprehensive index is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; w is ajRepresenting the importance degree, namely the weight, of the jth comprehensive index in all the comprehensive indexes; p is a radical ofjThe contribution rate of the jth comprehensive index of each variety;
the calculation formula of the comprehensive shade-resistant evaluation value of each variety is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; d value is a comprehensive evaluation value of the shading resistance obtained by evaluating the comprehensive indexes of various varieties under the shading stress condition; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; w is ajRepresents the importance degree, i.e. the weight, of the jth composite index in all composite indexes.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. The shade-tolerant soybean germplasm screening and identifying method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) adopting a pot culture method to sow soybeans, and after emergence of seedlings, keeping healthy and strengthening the seedlings;
(2) after seedling emergence for 25-30 days, natural illumination treatment and shading treatment are carried out until the seedlings are mature;
(3) after the soybeans are mature, the number of main stem nodes, the number of branches, the internode length, the lodging resistance, the number of single plant pods, the hundred-grain weight and the single plant grain weight of natural light treatment and shading treatment are measured respectively, and the shading resistance coefficient of each character index, the membership function value of each comprehensive index, the weight of each comprehensive index and the comprehensive shading resistance evaluation value of each variety are calculated.
2. The method for screening and identifying germplasm of shade-tolerant soybeans according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the seeding rate of the soybeans is 3-5 grains/pot.
3. The method for screening and identifying shade-tolerant soybean germplasm according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the number of the healthy strong seedlings is 2.
4. The method for screening and identifying shade-tolerant soybean germplasm according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the shading treatment specifically comprises the following steps: and (3) shading by using a knitted nylon net with the extinction ratio of 40-50%.
5. The method for screening and identifying shade-tolerant soybean germplasm according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the shade-tolerant coefficient of each trait index is calculated by the following formula: STC is a shading property value/natural light treatment property value.
6. The method for screening and identifying germplasm of shade-tolerant soybean of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the calculation formula of the membership function value of each comprehensive index is as follows: u (X)j)＝(Xj-Xmin)/(Xmax-Xmin)；
Wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; xjDenotes the jth index, XmaxDenotes the maximum value of the jth index, XminRepresents the minimum value of the jth composite index.
7. The method for screening and identifying shade-tolerant soybean germplasm according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the calculation formula of the weight of each comprehensive index is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; w is ajIndicates that the jth comprehensive index is in all the comprehensive indexesThe degree of importance in, i.e., the weight; p is a radical ofjThe contribution rate of the jth comprehensive index of each variety.
8. The method for screening and identifying germplasm of shading-resistant soybean according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the calculation formula of the comprehensive shading-resistant evaluation value of each variety is as follows:
wherein j is 1, 2, 3, …, n; d value is a comprehensive evaluation value of the shading resistance obtained by evaluating the comprehensive indexes of various varieties under the shading stress condition; u (X)j) A membership function value representing a jth comprehensive index; w is ajRepresents the importance degree, i.e. the weight, of the jth composite index in all composite indexes.
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| CN114303851A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-12 | 贵州省油料研究所(贵州省香料研究所) | High-yield shade-tolerant soybean variety breeding method suitable for intercropping |
| CN115956499A (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2023-04-14 | 沈阳农业大学 | Seedling-stage peanut shade tolerance evaluation method and shade tolerance peanut variety screening method |
| CN115956499B (en) * | 2023-02-06 | 2024-02-06 | 沈阳农业大学 | Shadow-tolerance evaluation method for peanuts in seedling stage and shadow-tolerance peanut variety screening method |
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