CN110771497A - Quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method - Google Patents
Quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110771497A CN110771497A CN201910780230.7A CN201910780230A CN110771497A CN 110771497 A CN110771497 A CN 110771497A CN 201910780230 A CN201910780230 A CN 201910780230A CN 110771497 A CN110771497 A CN 110771497A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
Abstract
The invention discloses a quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method, which comprises the following steps; (1) selecting parents for hybridization to obtain F1 generation hybrid seeds; f1 generation field planting to obtain F2 generation seeds. (2) And (4) primarily screening saline-alkali tolerant seeds by indoor planting. (3) And (4) planting the saline-alkali tolerant seeds selected indoors outdoors, and screening again. (4) And (4) hybridizing the salt and alkali resistant seeds screened twice to obtain the G1 generation. (5) And planting the G1 generation in the field to obtain G2 generation seeds. (6) And hybridizing the G2 generation serving as a female parent and the F2 generation serving as a male parent to obtain H3 generation seeds. (7) H3 was further planted to obtain seeds of generation H4. The method has reasonable design and simple operation, and greatly improves the saline-alkali resistance and lodging resistance breeding effect of the quinoa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quinoa breeding method, in particular to a quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method.
Background
At present, in China, saline-alkali soil occupies a large proportion of the cultivated land area and is widely distributed. According to the statistics of the second soil general survey data of the organization of Ministry of agriculture, the area of the saline-alkali soil in China is 3.5*107hm
2This corresponds to 1/3 for the cultivated land area. Meanwhile, in the existing cultivated land, due to improper irrigation, the irrigation rate is 6.7 × 106hm
2The land becomes secondary saline-alkali land. Therefore, the method is suitable for China with less per capita cultivated land and large saline-alkali land area. The problem of shortage of cultivated land is relieved, and effective measures must be taken to fully utilize the existing saline-alkali soil resources.
The existence of saline-alkali soil is an important restriction factor for the development of agriculture, the yield and the quality of crops are seriously influenced, in addition, the saline-alkali soil greatly destroys the existing ecological environment, wherein the most obvious direct destruction is the degradation of forests and grasslands, and further the greenhouse effect is aggravated.
At present, scientific research and production practice at home and abroad shows that the development and planting of saline-alkali tolerant plants capable of improving the saline-alkali environment in saline-alkali soil is the most effective measure for improving the saline-alkali soil, so that the cultivation and introduction of saline-alkali tolerant crops and varieties thereof are important measures for adjusting the production of the developed crops in the planting industry structure and increasing the income of farmers.
Chenopodium plant belongs to Chenopodiaceae, dicotyledonous plant. The plants are broom-shaped, the plant height varies from dozens of centimeters to three meters, and the root system belongs to a shallow root system. Has certain drought tolerance, cold tolerance and salt and alkali tolerance. Is suitable for planting in saline-alkali soil and dry thin land with poor production conditions, can improve the soil structure and reduce water and soil loss, and has important significance for the development of saline-alkali areas and arid areas. However, the chenopodium quinoa has high plant height, the root system belongs to a shallow root system, the chenopodium quinoa is prone to lodging in continuous rainy or windy weather, and the salinization degree of soil also has certain influence on the yield of the chenopodium quinoa. Therefore, the method has important significance in breeding saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant quinoa varieties.
Therefore, a quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively solve the problems in the background art and achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method comprises the following steps;
(1) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature, selecting chenopodium quinoa with thick and strong stems and high earning rate at 10-14cm, stem height at 140-200cm, hybridizing the chenopodium quinoa with rich seeds as a female parent and a male parent to obtain F1 generation chenopodium quinoa hybrid seeds, carrying out field planting on the F1 generation chenopodium quinoa hybrid seeds, and selecting chenopodium quinoa with high lodging resistance, large seed setting amount and plumpness as F2 generation seeds according to the earning rate, seed plumpness, stem circumference (selection range of 10-14 cm) and stem height (selection range of 140-200 cm);
(2) taking the pH value: 7.5, taking outdoor saline-alkali soil with 15 percent of ESP (alkalinity) as a germination substrate, primarily screening 20 parts of common chenopodium quinoa varieties for resisting saline and alkali in the seedling stage, airing, sterilizing and disinfecting the taken saline-alkali soil, then placing the saline-alkali soil in a germination box, disinfecting chenopodium quinoa seeds for 20min by using 2 percent potassium permanganate and 0.5 percent NaCl, washing the chenopodium quinoa seeds clean by using clear water, naturally airing, sowing the chenopodium quinoa seeds in the germination box, covering the chenopodium quinoa seeds by using 1-2cm saline-alkali soil, placing the covered chenopodium quinoa seeds in an incubator with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 15 percent for culturing for 10 days, investigating the emergence rate, and selecting 4 parts of materials from high to low according;
(3) planting the screened 4 parts of materials in a pH: 7.5, taking the seedling emergence condition of the variety as visual reference in the outdoor saline-alkali soil with 15% of ESP (alkalization degree), investigating the seedling emergence rate every 5d from the emergence of two cotyledons to 3-4 leaves, not watering a test field in the period, taking the robustness of seedling emergence and the seedling emergence rate as screening indexes, and screening out 2 parts of materials from high to low;
(4) hybridizing the screened 2 parts of materials by taking one of the materials as a female parent and taking the other part of the materials as a male parent to obtain a G1 generation;
(5) g1 generations were planted at pH: 7.5, in 15% saline-alkali soil of ESP, plant spacing is 30-40cm, row spacing is 50-60cm, and simultaneously, according to the influence of salt and alkali on quinoa plants, a visual method is adopted to refer to a reference variety, single plants which are thicker than the reference plant and have large and green leaves are selected to be subjected to primary screening of salt and alkali resistance, a tag is marked, field management is well performed to allow the single plants to continue to grow, after the primary screened plants are mature, the plant height, stem thickness, disc diameter, disc grain number, maturing rate and thousand grain weight of the single plants are tested indoors and compared with the reference, and the selected single plants are eliminated again according to the test result and are used as G2 generation;
(6) hybridizing by taking the G2 generation as a female parent and taking the F2 generation as a male parent, and selecting the optimal chenopodium quinoa as the H3 generation according to the heading rate, the grain plumpness, the height, the stem circumference and the lodging resistance when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(7) and continuously planting the H3 generation single plants in the saline-alkali soil to form H4 generation, and selecting strains with lower height, thicker stalk circumference, strong lodging resistance, more seeds and excellent grain plumpness from the strain group with relatively stable saline-alkali resistance.
Further, performing yield comparison tests on the selected H4 generation excellent strain in saline-alkali soil, performing comprehensive investigation and analysis on the growth period, resistance and yield of the strain, and selecting the excellent strain according to comprehensive investigation results.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: by adopting the technical scheme, multiple varieties are adopted, multiple screening and multiple hybridization are carried out, excellent genes with saline-alkali resistance, lodging resistance and high yield are concentrated in the quinoa seeds, the saline-alkali resistance and lodging resistance of the quinoa are improved, and the yield is also improved.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1
A quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method comprises the following steps;
(1) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature, selecting chenopodium quinoa with thick and strong stems and high stem circumference of 10cm and stem height of 140cm, hybridizing the chenopodium quinoa with rich seeds as a female parent and a male parent to obtain F1 generation chenopodium quinoa hybrid seeds, carrying out field planting on the F1 generation chenopodium quinoa seeds, and selecting chenopodium quinoa with high lodging resistance, large seed setting amount and plumpness as F2 generation seeds according to the heading rate, the seed plumpness, the stem circumference (10 cm is selected) and the stem height (140 cm is selected) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(2) taking the pH value: 7.5, taking outdoor saline-alkali soil with 15 percent of ESP (alkalinity) as a germination substrate, primarily screening 20 parts of common chenopodium quinoa varieties for resisting saline and alkali in the seedling stage, airing, sterilizing and disinfecting the taken saline-alkali soil, then placing the saline-alkali soil in a germination box, disinfecting chenopodium quinoa seeds for 20min by using 2 percent potassium permanganate and 0.5 percent NaCl, washing the chenopodium quinoa seeds clean by using clear water, naturally airing, sowing the chenopodium quinoa seeds in the germination box, covering the chenopodium quinoa seeds with 1cm of saline-alkali soil, placing the covered chenopodium quinoa seeds in an incubator with the temperature of 20 ℃ and the humidity of 15 percent for culturing for 10 days, investigating the emergence rate, and selecting 4 parts of materials from high to low according;
(3) planting the screened 4 parts of materials in a pH: 7.5, taking the seedling emergence condition of the variety as visual reference in the outdoor saline-alkali soil with 15% of ESP (alkalization degree), investigating the seedling emergence rate every 5d from the emergence of two cotyledons to 3-4 leaves, not watering a test field in the period, taking the robustness of seedling emergence and the seedling emergence rate as screening indexes, and screening out 2 parts of materials from high to low;
(4) hybridizing the screened 2 parts of materials by taking one of the materials as a female parent and taking the other part of the materials as a male parent to obtain a G1 generation;
(5) g1 generations were planted at pH: 7.5, in 15% saline-alkali soil of ESP, plant spacing is 30cm, row spacing is 50cm, meanwhile, a female parent and a male parent of a reference variety are used, according to the influence of salt and alkali on quinoa plants, a visual inspection method is adopted to refer to the reference variety, a single plant which is thicker than the reference plant and has large and green leaves is selected to be subjected to primary screening of salt and alkali resistance, a tag is marked, field management is well carried out to allow the single plant to continue to grow, after the primary screened plant is mature, the plant height, stem thickness, disc diameter, disc grain number, maturing rate and thousand grain weight are tested indoors and compared with the reference, and the selected single plant is eliminated again when each index is lower than the reference according to the test result, and the selected plant is used as G2 generation;
(6) hybridizing by taking the G2 generation as a female parent and taking the F2 generation as a male parent, and selecting the optimal chenopodium quinoa as the H3 generation according to the heading rate, the grain plumpness, the height, the stem circumference and the lodging resistance when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(7) and continuously planting the H3 generation single plants in the saline-alkali soil to form H4 generation, and selecting strains with lower height, thicker stalk circumference, strong lodging resistance, more seeds and excellent grain plumpness from the strain group with relatively stable saline-alkali resistance.
Further, performing yield comparison tests on the selected H4 generation excellent strain in saline-alkali soil, performing comprehensive investigation and analysis on the growth period, resistance and yield of the strain, and selecting the excellent strain according to comprehensive investigation results.
Example 2
A quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method comprises the following steps;
(1) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature, selecting chenopodium quinoa with thick and strong stems and high stem height of 14cm and high earning rate of 200cm, and simultaneously hybridizing the chenopodium quinoa with rich seeds as a female parent and a male parent to obtain F1 generation chenopodium quinoa hybrid seeds, performing field planting on the F1 generation chenopodium quinoa seeds, and selecting chenopodium quinoa with strong lodging resistance, large seed setting amount and plump seeds as F2 generation seeds according to the earning rate, the seed plumpness, the stem height (selecting 14 cm) and the stem height (selecting 200 cm) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(2) taking the pH value: 8.5, taking outdoor saline-alkali soil with 20 percent of ESP (alkalinity) as a germination substrate, primarily screening 20 parts of common chenopodium quinoa varieties for resisting saline and alkali in the seedling stage, airing, sterilizing and disinfecting the taken saline-alkali soil, then placing the saline-alkali soil in a germination box, disinfecting chenopodium quinoa seeds for 30min by using 2 percent potassium permanganate and 0.5 percent NaCl, washing the chenopodium quinoa seeds clean by using clear water, naturally airing, sowing the chenopodium quinoa seeds in the germination box, covering the chenopodium quinoa seeds with 2cm saline-alkali soil, placing the chenopodium quinoa seeds in an incubator with the temperature of 25 ℃ and the humidity of 20 percent for culturing for 12d, investigating the emergence rate, and selecting 4 parts of materials from high to low according to the;
(3) planting the screened 4 parts of materials in a pH: 8.5, taking the seedling emergence condition of the variety as visual reference in outdoor saline-alkali soil with 20% of ESP (alkalization degree), investigating the seedling emergence rate every 5d from the emergence of two cotyledons to 3-4 leaves, not watering a test field in the period, taking the robustness of seedling emergence and the seedling emergence rate as screening indexes, and screening out 2 parts of materials from high to low;
(4) hybridizing the screened 2 parts of materials by taking one of the materials as a female parent and taking the other part of the materials as a male parent to obtain a G1 generation;
(5) g1 generations were planted at pH: 8.5, in 20% saline-alkali soil of ESP, plant spacing is 40cm, row spacing is 60cm, meanwhile, a female parent and a male parent of a reference variety are used, according to the influence of salt and alkali on quinoa plants, a visual inspection method is adopted to refer to the reference variety, a single plant which is thicker than the reference plant and has large and green leaves is selected to be subjected to primary screening of salt and alkali resistance, a tag is marked, field management is well carried out to allow the single plant to continue to grow, after the primary screened plant is mature, the plant height, stem thickness, disc diameter, disc grain number, maturing rate and thousand grain weight are tested indoors and compared with the reference, and the selected single plant is eliminated again when each index is lower than the reference according to the test result, and the selected plant is used as G2 generation;
(6) hybridizing by taking the G2 generation as a female parent and taking the F2 generation as a male parent, and selecting the optimal chenopodium quinoa as the H3 generation according to the heading rate, the grain plumpness, the height, the stem circumference and the lodging resistance when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(7) and continuously planting the H3 generation single plants in the saline-alkali soil to form H4 generation, and selecting strains with lower height, thicker stalk circumference, strong lodging resistance, more seeds and excellent grain plumpness from the strain group with relatively stable saline-alkali resistance.
And performing yield comparison test on the selected H4 generation excellent strain in saline-alkali soil, performing comprehensive investigation and analysis on the growth period, resistance and yield of the strain, and selecting the excellent strain according to the comprehensive investigation result.
Example 3
A quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method comprises the following steps;
(1) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature, selecting chenopodium quinoa with thick and strong stems and a stem circumference of 12cm and a stem height of 170cm as high earning rate, hybridizing the chenopodium quinoa with rich seeds as a female parent and a male parent to obtain F1 generation chenopodium quinoa hybrid seeds, carrying out field planting on the F1 generation chenopodium quinoa seeds, and selecting chenopodium quinoa with strong lodging resistance, large seed setting amount and plumpness as F2 generation seeds according to the earning rate, the seed plumpness, the stem circumference (12 cm is selected) and the stem height (170 cm is selected) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(2) taking the pH value: 8, taking outdoor saline-alkali soil with 17.5 percent of ESP (alkalinity) as a germination substrate, primarily screening 20 parts of common chenopodium quinoa varieties for resisting saline and alkali in the seedling stage, airing, sterilizing and disinfecting the taken saline-alkali soil, then placing the saline-alkali soil in a germination box, disinfecting chenopodium quinoa seeds for 25min by using 2 percent potassium permanganate and 0.5 percent NaCl, washing the chenopodium quinoa seeds clean by using clear water, naturally airing, sowing the chenopodium quinoa seeds in the germination box, covering the chenopodium quinoa seeds by using 1.5cm saline-alkali soil, placing the covered chenopodium quinoa seeds in an incubator with the temperature of 22.5 ℃ and the humidity of 17.5 percent for culturing for 11 days, investigating the emergence rate, and selecting 4 parts of materials from high to low according;
(3) planting the screened 4 parts of materials in a pH: 8, in an outdoor saline-alkali soil with 17.5% of ESP (alkalization degree), taking the seedling emergence condition of the variety as an intuitive reference, investigating the seedling emergence rate every 5d from the emergence of two cotyledons to 3-4 leaves, not watering a test field in the period, taking the robustness of seedling emergence and the seedling emergence rate as screening indexes, and screening 2 parts of materials from high to low;
(4) hybridizing the screened 2 parts of materials by taking one of the materials as a female parent and taking the other part of the materials as a male parent to obtain a G1 generation;
(5) g1 generations were planted at pH: 8, in 17.5% of ESP saline-alkali soil, plant spacing is 35cm, row spacing is 55cm, meanwhile, a female parent and a male parent of a reference variety are used, according to the influence of salt and alkali on quinoa plants, a visual inspection method is adopted to refer to the reference variety, a single plant which is thicker than the reference plant and has large and green leaves is selected to be subjected to primary screening of salt and alkali resistance, a tag is marked, field management is well carried out to allow the single plant to continue to grow, after the primary screened plant is mature, the plant height, stem thickness, disc diameter, disc grain number, maturing rate and thousand grain weight are tested indoors and compared with the reference, and the selected single plant is eliminated again when each index is lower than the reference according to the test result, and the selected plant is used as G2 generation;
(6) hybridizing by taking the G2 generation as a female parent and taking the F2 generation as a male parent, and selecting the optimal chenopodium quinoa as the H3 generation according to the heading rate, the grain plumpness, the height, the stem circumference and the lodging resistance when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(7) and continuously planting the H3 generation single plants in the saline-alkali soil to form H4 generation, and selecting strains with lower height, thicker stalk circumference, strong lodging resistance, more seeds and excellent grain plumpness from the strain group with relatively stable saline-alkali resistance.
And performing yield comparison test on the selected H4 generation excellent strain in saline-alkali soil, performing comprehensive investigation and analysis on the growth period, resistance and yield of the strain, and selecting the excellent strain according to the comprehensive investigation result.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (2)
1. A quinoa saline-alkali-resistant lodging-resistant breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
comprises the following steps;
(1) when the chenopodium quinoa is mature, selecting chenopodium quinoa with thick and strong stems and high earning rate at 10-14cm, stem height at 140-200cm, hybridizing the chenopodium quinoa with rich seeds as a female parent and a male parent to obtain F1 generation chenopodium quinoa hybrid seeds, carrying out field planting on the F1 generation chenopodium quinoa hybrid seeds, and selecting chenopodium quinoa with high lodging resistance, large seed setting amount and plumpness as F2 generation seeds according to the earning rate, seed plumpness, stem circumference (selection range of 10-14 cm) and stem height (selection range of 140-200 cm);
(2) taking the pH value: 7.5-8.5, taking outdoor saline-alkali soil with 15% -20% of ESP (alkalinity) as a germination substrate, primarily screening 20 common chenopodium quinoa varieties for resisting saline and alkali in the seedling stage, airing, sterilizing and disinfecting the taken saline-alkali soil, then placing the obtained saline-alkali soil in a germination box, disinfecting chenopodium quinoa seeds for 20-30 min by using 2% potassium permanganate and 0.5% NaCl, washing the chenopodium quinoa seeds clean by using clear water, naturally airing the obtained chenopodium quinoa seeds, sowing the obtained chenopodium quinoa seeds in the germination box, covering the obtained chenopodium quinoa seeds by using 1-2cm saline-alkali soil, placing the obtained chenopodium quinoa seeds in an incubator with the temperature of 20-25 ℃ and the humidity of 15% -20% for culturing for 10-12d, investigating the emergence rate, and selecting;
(3) planting the screened 4 parts of materials in a pH: 7.5-8.5, in the outdoor saline-alkali soil with 15% -20% of ESP (alkalization degree), taking the seedling emergence condition of the variety as visual reference, investigating the seedling emergence rate every 5d from the emergence of two cotyledons to the emergence of 3-4 leaves, not watering the test field in the period, taking the robustness of seedling emergence and the seedling emergence rate as screening indexes, and screening out 2 parts of materials from high to low;
(4) hybridizing the screened 2 parts of materials by taking one of the materials as a female parent and taking the other part of the materials as a male parent to obtain a G1 generation;
(5) g1 generations were planted at pH: 7.5-8.5, in 15% -20% saline-alkali soil of ESP, plant spacing is 30-40cm, row spacing is 50-60cm, at the same time, the female parent and the male parent of a reference variety are compared with the reference variety by adopting an eye measurement method according to the influence of salt and alkali on quinoa plants, single plants which are thicker than the reference plant and have large and green leaves are selected to be subjected to salt and alkali resistance primary screening, a tag is marked, field management is carried out to continue the growth of the single plants, after the primary screened plants are mature, the plant height, stem thickness, disc diameter, disc grain number, maturing rate and thousand grain weight of the single plants are tested indoors and compared with the reference, the selected single plants are selected again according to the test result and are rejected as G2 generations;
(6) hybridizing by taking the G2 generation as a female parent and taking the F2 generation as a male parent, and selecting the optimal chenopodium quinoa as the H3 generation according to the heading rate, the grain plumpness, the height, the stem circumference and the lodging resistance when the chenopodium quinoa is mature;
(7) and continuously planting the H3 generation single plants in the saline-alkali soil to form H4 generation, and selecting strains with lower height, thicker stalk circumference, strong lodging resistance, more seeds and excellent grain plumpness from the strain group with relatively stable saline-alkali resistance.
2. The quinoa salt and alkali resistance and lodging resistance breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: and performing yield comparison test on the selected H4 generation excellent strain in saline-alkali soil, performing comprehensive investigation and analysis on the growth period, resistance and yield of the strain, and selecting the excellent strain according to the comprehensive investigation result.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111264116A (en) * | 2020-03-08 | 2020-06-12 | 盘锦大工碱蓬生物科技有限公司 | Large-scale suaeda salsa coastal mudflat repairing method and device using underground cultivation land |
| CN114424694A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-05-03 | 云南农业大学 | Method for preventing quinoa from lodging |
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